This website contains problems from math contests. Problems and corresponding tags were obtained from the Art of Problem Solving website.

Tags were heavily modified to better represent problems.

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Found problems: 1513

1997 IMO Shortlist, 22
Tags: function , algebra , functional equation , polynomial
Does there exist functions $ f,g: \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $ f(g(x)) \equal{} x^2$ and $ g(f(x)) \equal{} x^k$ for all real numbers $ x$ a) if $ k \equal{} 3$? b) if $ k \equal{} 4$?

1998 Baltic Way, 7
Tags: function , functional equation , algebra
Let $\mathbb{R}$ be the set of all real numbers. Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ satisfying for all $x,y\in\mathbb{R}$ the equation $f(x)+f(y)=f(f(x)f(y))$.

2017 Iran MO (3rd round), 3
Tags: functional equation , algebra
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R^+}\rightarrow\mathbb{R^+}$ such that $$\frac{x+f(y)}{xf(y)}=f(\frac{1}{y}+f(\frac{1}{x}))$$ for all positive real numbers $x$ and $y$.

2021 Bulgaria National Olympiad, 3
Tags: functional equation , algebra
Find all $f:R^+ \rightarrow R^+$ such that $f(f(x) + y)f(x) = f(xy + 1)\ \ \forall x, y \in R^+$ @below: [url]https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h2254883_2020_imoc_problems[/url] [quote]Feel free to start individual threads for the problems as usual[/quote]

1997 Nordic, 4
Tags: injective function , functional equation , algebra
Let f be a function defined in the set $\{0, 1, 2,...\}$ of non-negative integers, satisfying $f(2x) = 2f(x), f(4x+1) = 4f(x) + 3$, and $f(4x-1) = 2f(2x - 1) -1$. Show that $f $ is an injection, i.e. if $f(x) = f(y)$, then $x = y$.

2016 Abels Math Contest (Norwegian MO) Final, 4
Tags: functional equation , algebra
Find all functions $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ such that \[ f(x) f(y) = |x - y| \cdot f \left( \frac{xy + 1}{x - y} \right) \] Holds for all $x \not= y \in \mathbb{R}$

2014 Contests, 1
Tags: function , algebra , functional equation , fe , real
Determine all functions $f:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ such that \[ xf(y) + f(xf(y)) - xf(f(y)) - f(xy) = 2x + f(y) - f(x+y)\] holds for all $x,y \in \mathbb{R}$.

2021 USA IMO Team Selection Test, 3
Tags: algebra , functional equation
Find all functions $f \colon \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ that satisfy the inequality \[ f(y) - \left(\frac{z-y}{z-x} f(x) + \frac{y-x}{z-x}f(z)\right) \leq f\left(\frac{x+z}{2}\right) - \frac{f(x)+f(z)}{2} \] for all real numbers $x < y < z$. [i]Proposed by Gabriel Carroll[/i]

2019 IFYM, Sozopol, 7
Tags: functional equation , algebra
The function $f: \mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is such that $f(x+1)=2f(x)$ for $\forall$ $x\in \mathbb{R}$ and $f(x)=x(x-1)$ for $\forall$ $x\in (0,1]$. Find the greatest real number $m$, for which the inequality $f(x)\geq -\frac{8}{9}$ is true for $\forall$ $x\in (-\infty , m]$.

2023 IRN-SGP-TWN Friendly Math Competition, 2
Tags: functional equation , algebra , geometry
Let $f: \mathbb{R}^{2} \to \mathbb{R}^{+}$such that for every rectangle $A B C D$ one has $$ f(A)+f(C)=f(B)+f(D). $$ Let $K L M N$ be a quadrangle in the plane such that $f(K)+f(M)=f(L)+f(N)$, for each such function. Prove that $K L M N$ is a rectangle. [i]Proposed by Navid.[/i]

2017 Middle European Mathematical Olympiad, 1
Tags: algebra , functional equation
Determine all functions $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ satisfying $$f(x^2 + f(x)f(y)) = xf(x + y)$$ for all real numbers $x$ and $y$.

2019 ELMO Shortlist, A2
Tags: functional equation , algebra
Find all functions $f:\mathbb Z\to \mathbb Z$ such that for all surjective functions $g:\mathbb Z\to \mathbb Z$, $f+g$ is also surjective. (A function $g$ is surjective over $\mathbb Z$ if for all integers $y$, there exists an integer $x$ such that $g(x)=y$.) [i]Proposed by Sean Li[/i]

2012 Thailand Mathematical Olympiad, 5
Tags: algebra , functional , functional equation
Determine all functions $f : R \to R$ satisfying $f(f(x) + xf(y))= 3f(x) + 4xy$ for all real numbers $x,y$.

2015 Dutch BxMO/EGMO TST, 5
Tags: algebra , functional equation
Find all functions $f : R \to R$ satisfying $(x^2 + y^2)f(xy) = f(x)f(y)f(x^2 + y^2)$ for all real numbers $x$ and $y$.

PEN K Problems, 2
Tags: function , induction , strong induction , number theory , prime factorization , functional equation
Find all surjective functions $f: \mathbb{N}\to \mathbb{N}$ such that for all $m,n\in \mathbb{N}$: \[m \vert n \Longleftrightarrow f(m) \vert f(n).\]

2010 IFYM, Sozopol, 7
Tags: algebra , functional equation
Does there exist a function $f: \mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that: $f(f(x))=-x$, for all $x\in \mathbb{R}$?

1998 Nordic, 1
Tags: functional equation , rational function , function , algebra
Determine all functions $ f$ defined in the set of rational numbers and taking their values in the same set such that the equation $ f(x + y) + f(x - y) = 2f(x) + 2f(y)$ holds for all rational numbers $x$ and $y$.

2011 Belarus Team Selection Test, 3
Tags: algebra , functional equation , functional
Find all functions $f: R \to R ,g: R \to R$ satisfying the following equality $f(f(x+y))=xf(y)+g(x)$ for all real $x$ and $y$. I. Gorodnin

1992 IMO Longlists, 41
Tags: algebra , function , permutation , functional equation
Let $S$ be a set of positive integers $n_1, n_2, \cdots, n_6$ and let $n(f)$ denote the number $n_1n_{f(1)} +n_2n_{f(2)} +\cdots+n_6n_{f(6)}$, where $f$ is a permutation of $\{1, 2, . . . , 6\}$. Let \[\Omega=\{n(f) | f \text{ is a permutation of } \{1, 2, . . . , 6\} \} \] Give an example of positive integers $n_1, \cdots, n_6$ such that $\Omega$ contains as many elements as possible and determine the number of elements of $\Omega$.

2001 Kazakhstan National Olympiad, 4
Tags: algebra , functional equation , functional
Find all functions $ f: \mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} $ satisfying the equality $ f (x ^ 2-y ^ 2) = (x-y) (f (x) + f (y)) $ for any $ x, y \in \mathbb {R} $.

2021 SAFEST Olympiad, 6
Tags: number theory , functional equation , nonnegative integers
Determine all functions $f$ defined on the set of all positive integers and taking non-negative integer values, satisfying the three conditions: [list] [*] $(i)$ $f(n) \neq 0$ for at least one $n$; [*] $(ii)$ $f(x y)=f(x)+f(y)$ for every positive integers $x$ and $y$; [*] $(iii)$ there are infinitely many positive integers $n$ such that $f(k)=f(n-k)$ for all $k<n$. [/list]

2009 IMO, 5
Tags: function , induction , triangle inequality , functional equation
Determine all functions $ f$ from the set of positive integers to the set of positive integers such that, for all positive integers $ a$ and $ b$, there exists a non-degenerate triangle with sides of lengths \[ a, f(b) \text{ and } f(b \plus{} f(a) \minus{} 1).\] (A triangle is non-degenerate if its vertices are not collinear.) [i]Proposed by Bruno Le Floch, France[/i]

2014-2015 SDML (High School), 3
Tags: algebra , functional equation , function
Suppose a non-identically zero function $f$ satisfies $f\left(x\right)f\left(y\right)=f\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\right)$ for all $x$ and $y$. Compute $$f\left(1\right)-f\left(0\right)-f\left(-1\right).$$

2010 Middle European Mathematical Olympiad, 1
Tags: algebra , function , functional equation
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that for all $x, y\in\mathbb{R}$, we have \[f(x+y)+f(x)f(y)=f(xy)+(y+1)f(x)+(x+1)f(y).\]

1998 Italy TST, 1
Tags: functional equation , functional , function , algebra
A real number $\alpha$ is given. Find all functions $f : R^+ \to R^+$ satisfying $\alpha x^2f\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) +f(x) =\frac{x}{x+1}$ for all $x > 0$.