Olympiad problems

Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad 2020 Final, #10

Sokal da tries to find out the largest positive integer n such that if n transforms to base-7, then it looks like twice of base-10. $156$ is such a number because $(156)_{10}$ = $(312)_7$ and 312 = 2$\times$156. Find out Sokal da's number.

number system number theory

2021 IMO, 6

Let $m\ge 2$ be an integer, $A$ a finite set of integers (not necessarily positive) and $B_1,B_2,...,B_m$ subsets of $A$. Suppose that, for every $k=1,2,...,m$, the sum of the elements of $B_k$ is $m^k$. Prove that $A$ contains at least $\dfrac{m}{2}$ elements.

number system other bases linear algebra combinatorics algebra modular arithmetic pigeonhole principle probabilistic method

2021 IMO Shortlist, A6

Let $m\ge 2$ be an integer, $A$ a finite set of integers (not necessarily positive) and $B_1,B_2,...,B_m$ subsets of $A$. Suppose that, for every $k=1,2,...,m$, the sum of the elements of $B_k$ is $m^k$. Prove that $A$ contains at least $\dfrac{m}{2}$ elements.

number system other bases linear algebra combinatorics algebra modular arithmetic pigeonhole principle probabilistic method