Olympiad problems

2016 AMC 12/AHSME, 8

A thin piece of wood of uniform density in the shape of an equilateral triangle with side length $3$ inches weighs $12$ ounces. A second piece of the same type of wood, with the same thickness, also in the shape of an equilateral triangle, has side length of $5$ inches. Which of the following is closest to the weight, in ounces, of the second piece? $\textbf{(A)}\ 14.0\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 16.0\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 20.0\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 33.3\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 55.6$

2016 AMC 10, 3

Tags: absolute value , AMC , AMC 10 , AMC 10 B , 2016 AMC 10B , 2016 AMC 12B

Let $x=-2016$. What is the value of $\left| \ \bigl \lvert { \ \lvert x\rvert -x }\bigr\rvert -|x|{\frac{}{}}^{}_{}\right|-x$? $\textbf{(A)}\ -2016\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 0\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 2016\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 4032\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 6048$

2016 AMC 12/AHSME, 11

Tags: AMC , AMC 10 , AMC 12 , 2016 AMC 12B , 2016 AMC 10B , AMC 10 B , AMC 12 B

How many squares whose sides are parallel to the axes and whose vertices have coordinates that are integers lie entirely within the region bounded by the line $y=\pi x$, the line $y=-0.1$ and the line $x=5.1?$ $\textbf{(A)}\ 30 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 41 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 45 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 50 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 57$

2016 AMC 12/AHSME, 1

Tags: AMC 10 , AMC , AMC 10 B , AMC 12 , 2016 AMC 12B

What is the value of $\frac{2a^{-1}+\frac{a^{-1}}{2}}{a}$ when $a= \frac{1}{2}$? $\textbf{(A)}\ 1\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 2\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{5}{2}\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 10\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 20$

2016 AMC 12/AHSME, 7

Tags: AMC , AMC 12 , 2016 AMC 12B

Josh writes the numbers $1,2,3,\dots,99,100$. He marks out $1$, skips the next number $(2)$, marks out $3$, and continues skipping and marking out the next number to the end of the list. Then he goes back to the start of his list, marks out the first remaining number $(2)$, skips the next number $(4)$, marks out $6$, skips $8$, marks out $10$, and so on to the end. Josh continues in this manner until only one number remains. What is that number? $\textbf{(A)}\ 13 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 32 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 56 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 64 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 96$

2016 AMC 12/AHSME, 16

Tags: AMC , AMC 10 , AMC 10 B , AMC 12 , 2016 AMC 12B , 2016 AMC 10B , AMC 12 B

In how many ways can $345$ be written as the sum of an increasing sequence of two or more consecutive positive integers? $\textbf{(A)}\ 1\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 3\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 5\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 6\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 7$

2016 AMC 12/AHSME, 10

Tags: analytic geometry , AMC , AMC 12 , geometry , 2016 AMC 12B , AMC 12 B

A quadrilateral has vertices $P(a,b)$, $Q(b,a)$, $R(-a, -b)$, and $S(-b, -a)$, where $a$ and $b$ are integers with $a>b>0$. The area of $PQRS$ is $16$. What is $a+b$? $\textbf{(A)}\ 4 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 5 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 6 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 12 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 13$

2016 AMC 10, 1

Tags: AMC 10 , AMC , AMC 10 B , AMC 12 , 2016 AMC 12B

What is the value of $\frac{2a^{-1}+\frac{a^{-1}}{2}}{a}$ when $a= \frac{1}{2}$? $\textbf{(A)}\ 1\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 2\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{5}{2}\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 10\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 20$

2016 AMC 12/AHSME, 3

Tags: absolute value , AMC , AMC 10 , AMC 10 B , 2016 AMC 10B , 2016 AMC 12B

Let $x=-2016$. What is the value of $\left| \ \bigl \lvert { \ \lvert x\rvert -x }\bigr\rvert -|x|{\frac{}{}}^{}_{}\right|-x$? $\textbf{(A)}\ -2016\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 0\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 2016\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 4032\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 6048$

2016 AMC 10, 18

Tags: AMC , AMC 10 , AMC 10 B , AMC 12 , 2016 AMC 12B , 2016 AMC 10B , AMC 12 B

In how many ways can $345$ be written as the sum of an increasing sequence of two or more consecutive positive integers? $\textbf{(A)}\ 1\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 3\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 5\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 6\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 7$

2016 AMC 10, 10

Tags: AMC , AMC 10 , AMC 12 , 2016 AMC 10B , 2016 AMC 12B , geometry , AMC 10 B

A thin piece of wood of uniform density in the shape of an equilateral triangle with side length $3$ inches weighs $12$ ounces. A second piece of the same type of wood, with the same thickness, also in the shape of an equilateral triangle, has side length of $5$ inches. Which of the following is closest to the weight, in ounces, of the second piece? $\textbf{(A)}\ 14.0\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 16.0\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 20.0\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 33.3\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 55.6$

2016 AMC 10, 14

Tags: AMC , AMC 10 , AMC 12 , 2016 AMC 12B , 2016 AMC 10B , AMC 10 B , AMC 12 B

How many squares whose sides are parallel to the axes and whose vertices have coordinates that are integers lie entirely within the region bounded by the line $y=\pi x$, the line $y=-0.1$ and the line $x=5.1?$ $\textbf{(A)}\ 30 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 41 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 45 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 50 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 57$

2016 AMC 12/AHSME, 19

Tags: AMC , AMC 12 , AMC 12 B , 2016 AMC 12B , probability

Tom, Dick, and Harry are playing a game. Starting at the same time, each of them flips a fair coin repeatedly until he gets his first head, at which point he stops. What is the probability that all three flip their coins the same number of times? $\textbf{(A)}\ \frac{1}{8} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \frac{1}{7} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \frac{1}{6} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \frac{1}{4} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \frac{1}{3}$

2016 AMC 12/AHSME, 22

Tags: AMC , AMC 12 , AMC 12B , AMC 12 B , 2016 AMC 12B

For a certain positive integer $n$ less than $1000$, the decimal equivalent of $\frac{1}{n}$ is $0.\overline{abcdef}$, a repeating decimal of period $6$, and the decimal equivalent of $\frac{1}{n+6}$ is $0.\overline{wxyz}$, a repeating decimal of period $4$. In which interval does $n$ lie? $\textbf{(A)}\ [1,200] \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ [201,400] \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ [401,600] \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ [601,800] \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ [801,999] $