Olympiad problems

1994 Baltic Way, 14

Let $\alpha,\beta,\gamma$ be the angles of a triangle opposite to its sides with lengths $a,b,c$ respectively. Prove the inequality \[a\left(\frac{1}{\beta}+\frac{1}{\gamma}\right)+b\left(\frac{1}{\gamma}+\frac{1}{\alpha}\right)+c\left(\frac{1}{\alpha}+\frac{1}{\beta}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{a}{\alpha}+\frac{b}{\beta}+\frac{c}{\gamma}\right)\]

2024 Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania, P1

Tags: Inequality , JBMO Shortlist , algebra , TST

For positive real numbers $x,y,z$ with $xy+yz+zx=1$, prove that $$\frac{2}{xyz}+9xyz \geq 7(x+y+z)$$

2021 Bulgaria EGMO TST, 3

Tags: algebra , Inequality , IMO Shortlist , IMO Shortlist 2020 , 4-variable inequality , inequalities

Suppose that $a,b,c,d$ are positive real numbers satisfying $(a+c)(b+d)=ac+bd$. Find the smallest possible value of $$\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{d}+\frac{d}{a}.$$ [i]Israel[/i]

2016 Bosnia And Herzegovina - Regional Olympiad, 1

Tags: algebra , minimum , Inequality

Find minimal value of $A=\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^6-\left(x^6+\frac{1}{x^6}\right)-2}{\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^3+\left(x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}\right)}$

2016 Macedonia JBMO TST, 4

Tags: JMMO , Macedonia , Junior , 2016 , algebra , Inequality

Let $x$, $y$, and $z$ be positive real numbers. Prove that $\sqrt {\frac {xy}{x^2 + y^2 + 2z^2}} + \sqrt {\frac {yz}{y^2 + z^2 + 2x^2}}+\sqrt {\frac {zx}{z^2 + x^2 + 2y^2}} \le \frac{3}{2}$. When does equality hold?

2021 Azerbaijan Junior NMO, 3

Tags: Inequality , AZE JUNIOR NMO

$a,b,c $ are positive real numbers . Prove that $\sqrt[7]{\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}} +\sqrt[7]{\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{b+a}}+\sqrt[7]{\frac{c}{a+b}+\frac{a}{b+c}}\geq 3$

2013 Bosnia and Herzegovina Junior BMO TST, 2

Tags: Inequality , positive real , algebra , inequalities

Let $a$, $b$ and $c$ be positive real numbers such that $a^2+b^2+c^2=3$. Prove the following inequality: $\frac{a}{3c(a^2-ab+b^2)} + \frac{b}{3a(b^2-bc+c^2)} + \frac{c}{3b(c^2-ca+a^2)} \leq \frac{1}{abc}$

2016 Belarus Team Selection Test, 1

Tags: Inequality , inequalities , algebra , Belarus

Prove for positive $a,b,c$ that $$ (a^2+\frac{b^2}{c^2})(b^2+\frac{c^2}{a^2})(c^2+\frac{a^2}{b^2}) \geq abc (a+\frac{1}{a})(b+\frac{1}{b})(c+\frac{1}{c})$$

2022 3rd Memorial "Aleksandar Blazhevski-Cane", P2

Tags: Inequality , n variables , strict , Summations , algebra

Given an integer $n\geq2$, let $x_1<x_2<\cdots<x_n$ and $y_1<y_2<\cdots<y_n$ be positive reals. Prove that for every value $C\in (-2,2)$ (by taking $y_{n+1}=y_1$) it holds that $\hspace{122px}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\sqrt{x_i^2+Cx_iy_i+y_i^2}<\sum_{i=1}^{n}\sqrt{x_i^2+Cx_iy_{i+1}+y_{i+1}^2}$. [i]Proposed by Mirko Petrusevski[/i]

1967 IMO Longlists, 2

Tags: factorial , Inequality , IMO Shortlist , IMO Longlist

Prove that \[\frac{1}{3}n^2 + \frac{1}{2}n + \frac{1}{6} \geq (n!)^{\frac{2}{n}},\] and let $n \geq 1$ be an integer. Prove that this inequality is only possible in the case $n = 1.$

JOM 2015 Shortlist, A1

Tags: Inequality , inequalities

Let $ a, b, c $ be the side lengths of a triangle. Prove that $$ \displaystyle\sum_{cyc} \frac{(a^2 + b^2)(a + c)}{b} \ge 2(a^2 + b^2 + c^2) $$

2020 Federal Competition For Advanced Students, P1, 1

Tags: algebra , Inequality , inequalities proposed

Let $x, y$ and $z$ be positive real numbers such that $x \geq y+z$. Proof that $$\frac{x+y}{z} + \frac{y+z}{x} +\frac{z+x}{y} \geq 7$$ When does equality occur? (Walther Janous)

2021 Azerbaijan IZhO TST, 1

Tags: algebra , Inequality , TST , AZE IzHO TST

Let $a, b, c$ be real numbers with the property as $ab + bc + ca = 1$. Show that: $$\frac {(a + b) ^ 2 + 1} {c ^ 2 + 2} + \frac {(b + c) ^ 2 + 1} {a ^ 2 + 2} + \frac {(c + a) ^ 2 + 1} {b ^ 2 + 2} \ge 3 $$.

1969 IMO Shortlist, 64

Tags: Inequality , factorial , algebra , IMO Shortlist , IMO Longlist

$(USS 1)$ Prove that for a natural number $n > 2, (n!)! > n[(n - 1)!]^{n!}.$

2021 Germany Team Selection Test, 3

Tags: algebra , Inequality , IMO Shortlist , IMO Shortlist 2020 , 4-variable inequality , inequalities

Suppose that $a,b,c,d$ are positive real numbers satisfying $(a+c)(b+d)=ac+bd$. Find the smallest possible value of $$\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{d}+\frac{d}{a}.$$ [i]Israel[/i]

1977 IMO Longlists, 20

Tags: function , trigonometry , Trigonometric inequality , Inequality , IMO , IMO 1977

Let $a,b,A,B$ be given reals. We consider the function defined by \[ f(x) = 1 - a \cdot \cos(x) - b \cdot \sin(x) - A \cdot \cos(2x) - B \cdot \sin(2x). \] Prove that if for any real number $x$ we have $f(x) \geq 0$ then $a^2 + b^2 \leq 2$ and $A^2 + B^2 \leq 1.$

2014 IFYM, Sozopol, 8

Tags: algebra , Inequality , triangle inequality , inequalities

Prove that, if $a,b,c$ are sides of a triangle, then we have the following inequality: $3(a^3 b+b^3 c+c^3 a)+2(ab^3+bc^3+ca^3 )\geq 5(a^2 b^2+a^2 c^2+b^2 c^2 )$.

2011 Peru IMO TST, 2

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , Inequality , polygon , IMO Shortlist

Let $A_1A_2 \ldots A_n$ be a convex polygon. Point $P$ inside this polygon is chosen so that its projections $P_1, \ldots , P_n$ onto lines $A_1A_2, \ldots , A_nA_1$ respectively lie on the sides of the polygon. Prove that for arbitrary points $X_1, \ldots , X_n$ on sides $A_1A_2, \ldots , A_nA_1$ respectively, \[\max \left\{ \frac{X_1X_2}{P_1P_2}, \ldots, \frac{X_nX_1}{P_nP_1} \right\} \geq 1.\] [i]Proposed by Nairi Sedrakyan, Armenia[/i]

2001 China Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: Inequality , Sequence , inequalities , trigonmetry , analysis

Let ${a_n}$ be a non-increasing sequence of positive numbers. Prove that if for $n \ge 2001$, $na_{n} \le 1$, then for any positive integer $m \ge 2001$ and $x \in \mathbb{R}$, the following inequality holds: $\left | \sum_{k=2001}^{m} a_{k} \sin kx \right | \le 1 + \pi$

2014 JBMO Shortlist, 3

Tags: algebra , Inequality , JBMO Shortlist

For positive real numbers $a,b,c$ with $abc=1$ prove that $\left(a+\frac{1}{b}\right)^{2}+\left(b+\frac{1}{c}\right)^{2}+\left(c+\frac{1}{a}\right)^{2}\geq 3(a+b+c+1)$

2023 Brazil Cono Sur TST, 4

Tags: fractional part , Inequality

Let $n$ be a positive integer. Prove that $n\sqrt{19}\{n\sqrt{19}\} > 1$, where $\{x\}$ denotes the fractional part of $x$.

2019 ELMO Shortlist, A1

Tags: algebra , Inequality , inequalities

Let $a$, $b$, $c$ be positive reals such that $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1$. Show that $$a^abc+b^bca+c^cab\ge 27bc+27ca+27ab.$$ [i]Proposed by Milan Haiman[/i]

1967 IMO Shortlist, 3

Tags: Inequality , three variable inequality , Muirhead , IMO Shortlist , IMO Longlist , algebra , inequalities proposed

Prove that for arbitrary positive numbers the following inequality holds \[\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c} \leq \frac{a^8 + b^8 + c^8}{a^3b^3c^3}.\]

2024 Turkey Junior National Olympiad, 4

Tags: algebra , Inequality , inequalities , inequalities proposed

Let $n\geq 2$ be an integer and $a_1,a_2,\cdots,a_n>1$ be real numbers. Prove that the inequality below holds. $$\prod_{i=1}^n\left(a_ia_{i+1}-\frac{1}{a_ia_{i+1}}\right)\geq 2^n\prod_{i=1}^n\left(a_i-\frac{1}{a_i}\right)$$

1994 IMO, 1

Tags: number theory , Inequality , algebra , IMO , IMO 1994 , IMO Shortlist

Let $ m$ and $ n$ be two positive integers. Let $ a_1$, $ a_2$, $ \ldots$, $ a_m$ be $ m$ different numbers from the set $ \{1, 2,\ldots, n\}$ such that for any two indices $ i$ and $ j$ with $ 1\leq i \leq j \leq m$ and $ a_i \plus{} a_j \leq n$, there exists an index $ k$ such that $ a_i \plus{} a_j \equal{} a_k$. Show that \[ \frac {a_1 \plus{} a_2 \plus{} ... \plus{} a_m}{m} \geq \frac {n \plus{} 1}{2}. \]