This website contains problems from math contests. Problems and corresponding tags were obtained from the Art of Problem Solving website.

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Found problems: 70

Two players play alternatively on an infinite square grid. The first player puts an $X$ in an empty cell and the second player puts an $O$ in an empty cell. The first player wins if he gets $11$ adjacent $X$'s in a line - horizontally, vertically or diagonally. Show that the second player can always prevent the first player from winning.
There are 2019 cards in a box. Each card has a number written on one of its sides and a letter on the other side. Amy and Ben play the following game: in the beginning Amy takes all the cards, places them on a line and then she flips as many cards as she wishes. Each time Ben touches a card he has to flip it and its neighboring cards. Ben is allowed to have as many as 2019 touches. Ben wins if all the cards are on the numbers' side, otherwise Amy wins. Determine who has a winning strategy.
Two players play the following game. At the outset there are two piles, containing $10,000$ and $20,000$ tokens,respectively . A move consists of removing any positive number of tokens from a single pile $or$ removing $x>0$ tokens from one pile and $y>0$ tokens from the other , where $x+y$ is divisible by $2015$. The player who can not make a move loses. Which player has a winning strategy
Two players, Agon and Besa, choose a number from the set $\{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8\}$, in turns, until no number is left. Then, each player sums all the numbers that he has chosen. We say that a player wins if the sum of his chosen numbers is a prime and the sum of the numbers that his opponent has chosen is composite. In the contrary, the game ends in a draw. Agon starts first. Does there exist a winning strategy for any of the players?
Yamin and Tamim are playing a game with subsets of $\{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ where $n \geq 3$. [list] [*] Tamim starts the game with the empty set. [*] On Yamin's turn, he adds a proper non-empty subset of $\{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ to his collection $F$ of blocked sets. [*] On Tamim's turn, he adds or removes a positive integer less than or equal to $n$ to or from their set but Tamim can never add or remove an element so that his set becomes one of the blocked sets in $F$. [/list] Tamim wins if he can make his set to be $\{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$. Yamin wins if he can stop Tamim from doing so. Yamin goes first and they alternate making their moves. Does Tamim have a winning strategy? [i]Proposed by Ahmed Ittihad Hasib[/i]
Two players play a game as follows. The first player chooses two non-zero integers A and B. The second player forms a quadratic with A, B and 1998 as coefficients (in any order). The first player wins iff the equation has two distinct rational roots. Show that the first player can always win.
Two players play a game as follows: there $n > 1$ rounds and $d \geq 1$ is fixed. In the first round A picks a positive integer $m_1$, then B picks a positive integer $n_1 \not = m_1$. In round $k$ (for $k = 2, \ldots , n$), A picks an integer $m_k$ such that $m_{k-1} < m_k \leq m_{k-1} + d$. Then B picks an integer $n_k$ such that $n_{k-1} < n_k \leq n_{k-1} + d$. A gets $\gcd(m_k,n_{k-1})$ points and B gets $\gcd(m_k,n_k)$ points. After $n$ rounds, A wins if he has at least as many points as B, otherwise he loses. For each $(n, d)$ which player has a winning strategy?
Alice and Bob play a game. There are $100$ gold coins, $100$ silver coins, and $100$ bronze coins. Players take turns to take at least one coin, but they cannot take two or more coins of same kind at once. Alice goes first. The player who cannot take any coin loses. Who has a winning strategy?
Let $n$ be an even positive integer. Alice and Bob play the following game. Before the start of the game, Alice chooses a set $S$ containing $m$ integers and announces it to Bob. The players then alternate turns, with Bob going first, choosing $i\in\{1,2,\dots, n\}$ that has not been chosen and setting the value of $v_i$ to either $0$ or $1$. At the end of the game, when all of $v_1,v_2,\dots,v_n$ have been set, the expression $$E=v_1\cdot 2^0 + v_2 \cdot 2^1 + \dots + v_n \cdot 2^{n-1}$$ is calculated. Determine the minimum $m$ such that Alice can always ensure that $E\in S$ regardless of how Bob plays.
A 2-player game is played on $n\geq 3$ points, where no 3 points are collinear. Each move consists of selecting 2 of the points and drawing a new line segment connecting them. The first player to draw a line segment that creates an odd cycle loses. (An odd cycle must have all its vertices among the $n$ points from the start, so the vertices of the cycle cannot be the intersections of the lines drawn.) Find all $n$ such that the player to move first wins.
There are 60 empty boxes $B_1,\ldots,B_{60}$ in a row on a table and an unlimited supply of pebbles. Given a positive integer $n$, Alice and Bob play the following game. In the first round, Alice takes $n$ pebbles and distributes them into the 60 boxes as she wishes. Each subsequent round consists of two steps: (a) Bob chooses an integer $k$ with $1\leq k\leq 59$ and splits the boxes into the two groups $B_1,\ldots,B_k$ and $B_{k+1},\ldots,B_{60}$. (b) Alice picks one of these two groups, adds one pebble to each box in that group, and removes one pebble from each box in the other group. Bob wins if, at the end of any round, some box contains no pebbles. Find the smallest $n$ such that Alice can prevent Bob from winning. [i]Czech Republic[/i]
You are given a row made by $2018$ squares, numbered consecutively from $0$ to $2017$. Initially, there is a coin in the square $0$. Two players $A$ and $B$ play alternatively, starting with $A$, on the following way: In his turn, each player can either make his coin advance $53$ squares or make the coin go back $2$ squares. On each move the coin can never go to a number less than $0$ or greater than $2017$. The player who puts the coin on the square $2017$ wins. ¿Who is the one with the wining strategy and how should he play to win?
There are $64$ booths around a circular table and on each one there is a chip. The chips and the corresponding booths are numbered $1$ to $64$ in this order. At the center of the table there are $1996$ light bulbs which are all turned off. Every minute the chips move simultaneously in a circular way (following the numbering sense) as follows: chip $1$ moves one booth, chip $2$ moves two booths, etc., so that more than one chip can be in the same booth. At any minute, for each chip sharing a booth with chip $1$ a bulb is lit. Where is chip $1$ on the first minute in which all bulbs are lit?
Amy and Bec play the following game. Initially, there are three piles, each containing $2020$ stones. The players take turns to make a move, with Amy going first. Each move consists of choosing one of the piles available, removing the unchosen pile(s) from the game, and then dividing the chosen pile into $2$ or $3$ non-empty piles. A player loses the game if he/she is unable to make a move. Prove that Bec can always win the game, no matter how Amy plays.
A robot is placed at point $P$ on the $x$-axis but different from $(0,0)$ and $(1,0)$ and can only move along the axis either to the left or to the right. Two players play the following game. Player $A$ gives a distance and $B$ gives a direction and the robot will move the indicated distance along the indicated direction. Player $A$ aims to move the robot to either $(0,0)$ or $(1,0)$. Player $B$'s aim is to stop $A$ from achieving his aim. For which $P$ can $A$ win?
Peter and Basil play the following game on a horizontal table $1\times{2019}$. Initially Peter chooses $n$ positive integers and writes them on a board. After that Basil puts a coin in one of the cells. Then at each move, Peter announces a number s among the numbers written on the board, and Basil needs to shift the coin by $s$ cells, if it is possible: either to the left, or to the right, by his decision. In case it is not possible to shift the coin by $s$ cells neither to the left, nor to the right, the coin stays in the current cell. Find the least $n$ such that Peter can play so that the coin will visit all the cells, regardless of the way Basil plays.
We are placing rooks on a $n \cdot n$ chess table that providing this condition: Every two rooks will threaten an empty square at least. What is the most number of rooks?
Adithya and Bill are playing a game on a connected graph with $n > 2$ vertices, two of which are labeled $A$ and $B$, so that $A$ and $B$ are distinct and non-adjacent and known to both players. Adithya starts on vertex $A$ and Bill starts on $B$. Each turn, both players move simultaneously: Bill moves to an adjacent vertex, while Adithya may either move to an adjacent vertex or stay at his current vertex. Adithya loses if he is on the same vertex as Bill, and wins if he reaches $B$ alone. Adithya cannot see where Bill is, but Bill can see where Adithya is. Given that Adithya has a winning strategy, what is the maximum possible number of edges the graph may have? (Your answer may be in terms of $n$.) [i]Proposed by Steven Liu[/i]
A number line with the integers $1$ through $20,$ from left to right, is drawn. Ten coins are placed along this number line, with one coin at each odd number on the line. A legal move consists of moving one coin from its current position to a position of strictly greater value on the number line that is not already occupied by another coin. How many ways can we perform two legal moves in sequence, starting from the initial position of the coins (different two-move sequences that result in the same position are considered distinct)?
Adithya and Bill are playing a game on a connected graph with $n > 2$ vertices, two of which are labeled $A$ and $B$, so that $A$ and $B$ are distinct and non-adjacent and known to both players. Adithya starts on vertex $A$ and Bill starts on $B$. Each turn, both players move simultaneously: Bill moves to an adjacent vertex, while Adithya may either move to an adjacent vertex or stay at his current vertex. Adithya loses if he is on the same vertex as Bill, and wins if he reaches $B$ alone. Adithya cannot see where Bill is, but Bill can see where Adithya is. Given that Adithya has a winning strategy, what is the maximum possible number of edges the graph may have? (Your answer may be in terms of $n$.) [i]Proposed by Steven Liu[/i]