Found problems: 573
How many words with $n$ digits can be formed from the alphabet $\{0, 1, 2, 3, 4\}$, if neighboring digits must differ by exactly one?
[i]Proposed by Germany, FR.[/i]
The last four digits of a perfect square are equal. Prove that all of them are zeros.
For a given positive integer $ k$ denote the square of the sum of its digits by $ f_1(k)$ and let $ f_{n\plus{}1}(k) \equal{} f_1(f_n(k)).$ Determine the value of $ f_{1991}(2^{1990}).$
All natural numbers from $1$ to $N$, $ N \ge 2$ are written out in a certain order in a circle. Moreover, for any pair of neighboring numbers there is at least one digit appearing in the decimal notation of each of them. Find the smallest possible value of $N$.
We call a positive integer [i]good[/i ] if it doesn’t have a zero digit and the sum of the squares of its digits is a perfect square. For example, $122$ and $34$ are good and $304$ and $12$ are not not good. Prove that there exists a $n$-digit good number for every positive integer $n$.
[i]Reduced name[/i] of a natural number $A$ with $n$ digits ($n \ge 2$) a number of $n-1$ digits obtained by deleting one of the digits of $A$: For example, the [i]reduced names[/i] of $1024$ is $124$, $104$ and $120$.
Determine how many seven-digit numbers cannot be written as the sum of one natural numbers $A$ and a [i]reduced name[/i] of $A$.
We have $0\le x_i<b$ for $i=0,1,\ldots,n$ and $x_n>0,x_{n-1}>0$. If $a>b$, and $x_nx_{n-1}\ldots x_0$ represents the number $A$ base $a$ and $B$ base $b$, whilst $x_{n-1}x_{n-2}\ldots x_0$ represents the number $A'$ base $a$ and $B'$ base $b$, prove that $A'B<AB'$.
A positive integer is called [i]vaivém[/i] when, considering its representation in base ten, the first digit from left to right is greater than the second, the second is less than the third, the third is bigger than the fourth and so on alternating bigger and smaller until the last digit. For example, $2021$ is [i]vaivém[/i], as $2 > 0$ and $0 < 2$ and $2 > 1$. The number $2023$ is not [i]vaivém[/i], as $2 > 0$ and $0 < 2$, but $2$ is not greater than $3$.
a) How many [i]vaivém[/i] positive integers are there from $2000$ to $2100$?
b) What is the largest [i]vaivém[/i] number without repeating digits?
c) How many distinct $7$-digit numbers formed by all the digits $1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6$ and $7$ are [i]vaivém[/i]?
Let $g(n)$ be the number of all $n$-digit natural numbers each consisting only of digits $0,1,2,3$ (but not nessesarily all of them) such that the sum of no two neighbouring digits equals $2$. Determine whether $g(2010)$ and $g(2011)$ are divisible by $11$.
I.Kozlov
How many zeros does $101^{100} - 1$ end with?
A $5$-digit number (in base $10$) has digits $k, k + 1, k + 2, 3k, k + 3$ in that order, from left to right. If this number is $m^2$ for some natural number $m$, find the sum of the digits of $m$.
Alex is going to make a set of cubical blocks of the same size and to write a digit on each of their faces so that it would be possible to form every $30$-digit integer with these blocks. What is the minimal number of blocks in a set with this property? (The digits $6$ and $9$ do not turn one into another.)
A whole number is written on the board. Its last digit is remembered is then erased and multiplied by $5$ added to the number that remained on the board after erasing. The number was originally written $7^{1998}$. After applying several such operations, can one get the number $1998^7$?
Delete $100$ digits from the number $1234567891011... 9899100$ so that the remaining number were as big as possible.
Consider the arithmetic sequence $8, 21,34,47,....$
a) Prove that this sequence contains infinitely many integers written only with digit $9$.
b) How many such integers less than $2010^{2010}$ are in the sequence?
Bart wrote the digit "$1$" $2024$ times in a row. Then, Lisa wrote an additional $2024$ digits to the right of the digits Bart wrote, such that the resulting number is a square of an integer. Find all possibilities for the digits Lisa wrote.
Find a three-digit number with the property that the number represented by these digits and in the same order, but with a numbering base different than $ 10 $, is twice as large as the given number.
Let $M$ and $N$ be two positive five-digit palindrome integers, such that $M <N$ and there is no other palindrome number between them. Determine the possible values of $N-M$.
Find all the three-digit numbers such that it equals to the arithmetic mean of the six numbers obtained by rearranging its digits.
A [i]palindrome [/i] is a natural number that works in the decimal system forwards and backwards read is the same size (e.g. $1129211$ or $7337$). Determine all pairs $(m, n)$ of natural numbers, such that
$$(\underbrace{11... 11}_{m}) \cdot (\underbrace{11... 11}_{n})$$ is a palindrome.
Danny likes seven-digit numbers with the following property: the 1's digit is divisible by the 10's digit, the 10's digit is divisible by the 100's digit, and so on.
For example, Danny likes the number $1133366$ but doesn't like $9999993$.
Is the amount of numbers Danny likes divisible by $7$?
Prove that a binomial coefficient $\binom nk$ is odd if and only if all digits $1$ of $k$, when $k$ is written in binary, are on the same positions when $n$ is written in binary.
[i]I. Dimovski[/i]
Find the digits left and right of the decimal point in the decimal form of the number \[ (\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3})^{1980}. \]
For any natural number $n= \overline{a_k...a_1a_0}$ $(a_k \ne 0)$ in decimal system write $p(n)=a_0 \cdot a_1 \cdot ... \cdot a_k$, $s(n)=a_0+ a_1+ ... + a_k$, $n^*= \overline{a_0a_1...a_k}$. Consider $P=\{n | n=n^*, \frac{1}{3} p(n)= s(n)-1\}$ and let $Q$ be the set of numbers in $P$ with all digits greater than $1$.
(a) Show that $P$ is infinite.
(b) Show that $Q$ is finite.
(c) Write down all the elements of $Q$.
a) The digits of a natural number were rearranged. Prove that the sum of given and obtained numbers can't equal $999...9$ ($1967$ of nines).
b) The digits of a natural number were rearranged. Prove that if the sum of the given and obtained numbers equals $1010$, than the given number was divisible by $10$.