Found problems: 2
2024 Brazil Undergrad MO, 6
For each positive integer \( n \), list in increasing order all irreducible fractions in the interval \([0, 1]\) that have a positive denominator less than or equal to \( n \):
\[
0 = \frac{p_0}{q_0} < \frac{1}{n} = \frac{p_1}{q_1} < \cdots < \frac{1}{1} = \frac{p_{M(n)}}{q_{M(n)}}.
\]
Let \( k \) be a positive integer. We define, for each \( n \) such that \( M(n) \geq k - 1 \),
\[
f_k(n) = \min \left\{ \sum_{s=0}^{k-1} q_{j+s} : 0 \leq j \leq M(n) - k + 1 \right\}.
\]
Determine, in function of \( k \),
\[
\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{f_k(n)}{n}.
\]
For example, if \( n = 4 \), the enumeration is
\[
\frac{0}{1} < \frac{1}{4} < \frac{1}{3} < \frac{1}{2} < \frac{2}{3} < \frac{3}{4} < \frac{1}{1},
\]
where \( p_0 = 0, p_1 = 1, p_2 = 1, p_3 = 1, p_4 = 2, p_5 = 3, p_6 = 1 \) and \( q_0 = 1, q_1 = 4, q_2 = 3, q_3 = 2, q_4 = 3, q_5 = 4, q_6 = 1 \). In this case, we have \( f_1(4) = 1, f_2(4) = 5, f_3(4) = 8, f_4(4) = 10, f_5(4) = 13, f_6(4) = 17 \), and \( f_7(4) = 18 \).
2024 Brazil National Olympiad, 6
Let \( n > 1 \) be a positive integer. List in increasing order all the irreducible fractions in the interval \([0, 1]\) that have a positive denominator less than or equal to \( n \):
\[
\frac{0}{1}
=
\frac{p_0}{q_0}
<
\frac{p_1}{q_1}
< \cdots <
\frac{p_M}{q_M}
=
\frac{1}{1}.
\]
Determine, in function of \( n \), the smallest possible value of \( q_{i-1} + q_i + q_{i+1} \), for \( 0 < i < M \).
For example, if \( n = 4 \), the enumeration is
\[
\frac{0}{1}
<
\frac{1}{4}
<
\frac{1}{3}
<
\frac{1}{2}
<
\frac{2}{3}
<
\frac{3}{4}
<
\frac{1}{1},
\]
where \( p_0 = 0, p_1 = 1, p_2 = 1, p_3 = 1, p_4 = 2, p_5 = 3, p_6 = 1, q_0 = 1, q_1 = 4, q_2 = 3, q_3 = 2, q_4 = 3, q_5 = 4, q_6 = 1 \), and the minimum is \( 1 + 4 + 3 = 3 + 2 + 3 = 3 + 4 + 1 = 8 \).