Determine the values of the real parameter $a$, such that the solutions of the system of inequalities $\begin{cases} \log_{\frac{1}{3}}{(3^{x}-6a)}+\frac{2}{\log_{a}{3}}<x-3\\ \log_{\frac{1}{3}}{(3^{x}-18)}>x-5\\ \end{cases}$ form an interval of length $\frac{1}{3}$.

Set $X$ is called [i]fancy[/i] if it satisfies all of the following conditions: [list] [*]The number of elements of $X$ is $2022$. [*]Each element of $X$ is a closed interval contained in $[0, 1]$. [*]For any real number $r \in [0, 1]$, the number of elements of $X$ containing $r$ is less than or equal to $1011$. [/list] For [i]fancy[/i] sets $A, B$, and intervals $I \in A, J \in B$, denote by $n(A, B)$ the number of pairs $(I, J)$ such that $I \cap J \neq \emptyset$. Determine the maximum value of $n(A, B)$.

A [i]tile[/i] $T$ is a union of finitely many pairwise disjoint arcs of a unit circle $K$. The [i]size[/i] of $T$, denoted by $|T|$, is the sum of the lengths of the arcs $T$ consists of, divided by $2\pi$. A [i]copy[/i] of $T$ is a tile $T'$ obtained by rotating $T$ about the centre of $K$ through some angle. Given a positive real number $\varepsilon < 1$, does there exist an infinite sequence of tiles $T_1,T_2,\ldots,T_n,\ldots$ satisfying the following two conditions simultaneously: 1) $|T_n| > 1 - \varepsilon$ for all $n$; 2) The union of all $T_n'$ (as $n$ runs through the positive integers) is a proper subset of $K$ for any choice of the copies $T_1'$, $T_2'$, $\ldots$, $T_n', \ldots$? [hide=Note] In the extralist the problem statement had the clause "three conditions" rather than two, but only two are presented, the ones you see. I am quite confident this is a typo or that the problem might have been reformulated after submission.[/hide]

Each rational number $\frac{p}{q}$ with $p,q$ coprime of the open interval $(0,1)$ is covered by the closed interval $\left[\frac{p}{q}-\frac{1}{4q^{2}}, \frac{p}{q}+\frac{1}{4q^{2}}\right]$. Prove that $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ is not covered by any of the above closed intervals.

Two sets of intervals $A ,B$ on the line are given. The set $A$ contains $2m-1$ intervals, every two of which have an interior point in common. Moreover, every interval from $A$ contains at least two disjoint intervals from $B$. Show that there exists an interval in $B$ which belongs to at least $m$ intervals from $A$ .

Three numbers are chosen independently at random, one from each of the three intervals $[0, L_i ]$ ($i=1,2,3$). If the distribution of each random number is uniform with respect to the length of the interval it is chosen from, determine the expected value of the smallest number chosen.

Determine the smallest positive number $a$ such that the number of all integers belonging to $(a, 2016a]$ is $2016$.

Let $S$ be a union of finitely many disjoint subintervals of $[0,1]$ such that no two points in $S$ have distance $1/10$. Show that the total length of the intervals comprising $S$ is at most $1/2$.

Ten closed intervals, each of length $1$, are placed in the interval $[0,4]$. Show that there is a point in the larger interval that belongs to at least four of the smaller intervals.

Let $I_1, I_2, I_3$ be three open intervals of $\mathbb{R}$ such that none is contained in another. If $I_1\cap I_2 \cap I_3$ is non-empty, then show that at least one of these intervals is contained in the union of the other two.

Let $I = (0, 1]$ be the unit interval of the real line. For a given number $a \in (0, 1)$ we define a map $T : I \to I$ by the formula if \[ T (x, y) = \begin{cases} x + (1 - a),&\mbox{ if } 0< x \leq a,\\ \text{ } \\ x - a, & \mbox{ if } a < x \leq 1.\end{cases} \] Show that for every interval $J \subset I$ there exists an integer $n > 0$ such that $T^n(J) \cap J \neq \emptyset.$

Let $I$ and $J$ be intervals. Let $\varphi,\psi:I\to\mathbb{R}$ be strictly increasing continuous functions and let $\Phi,\Psi:J\to\mathbb{R}$ be continuous functions. Suppose that $\varphi(x)+\psi(x)=x$ and $\Phi(u)+\Psi(u)=u$ holds for all $x\in I$ and $u\in J$. Show that if $f:I\to J$ is a continuous solution of the functional inequality $$f\big(\varphi(x)+\psi(y)\big)\le \Phi\big(f(x)\big)+\Psi\big(f(y)\big)\qquad (x,y\in I),$$then $\Phi\circ f\circ \varphi^{-1}$ and $\Psi\circ f\circ \psi^{-1}$ are convex functions.

For any real numbers $a$ and $b>0$, define an [i]extension[/i] of an interval $[a-b,a+b] \subseteq \mathbb{R}$ be $[a-2b, a+2b]$. We say that $P_1, P_2, \ldots, P_k$ covers the set $X$ if $X \subseteq P_1 \cup P_2 \cup \ldots \cup P_k$. Prove that there exists an integer $M$ with the following property: for every finite subset $A \subseteq \mathbb{R}$, there exists a subset $B \subseteq A$ with at most $M$ numbers, so that for every $100$ closed intervals that covers $B$, their extensions covers $A$.

Find all real numbers $x$ which satisfy $\frac{n}{3n+1}\leq x\leq \frac{4n+1}{2n-1}$, for all $n\in\mathbb{N}^*$. [i]Gheorghe Boroica[/i]

Let $I_1, I_2, I_3$ be three open intervals of $\mathbb{R}$ such that none is contained in another. If $I_1\cap I_2 \cap I_3$ is non-empty, then show that at least one of these intervals is contained in the union of the other two.

Let $[a_1 , b_1 ] , \ldots, [a_n ,b_n ]$ be a collection of closed intervals such that any of these closed intervals have a point in common. Prove that there exists a point contained in every one of these intervals.

Assume that a set $M$ of real numbers is the union of finitely many disjoint intervals with the total length greater than $1$. Prove that $M$ contains a pair of distinct numbers whose difference is an integer.