Let $ABC$ be a triangle with centroid $G$ and $BC = 3$. If $ABC$ is similar to $GAB$, compute the area of $ABC$.

Determine, with proof, whether a square can be dissected into finitely many (not necessarily congruent) triangles, each of which has interior angles $30^\circ, 75^\circ,$ and $75^\circ.$

Let $ABC$ be a triangle. The incircle $\omega$ of $\triangle ABC$, which has radius $3$, is tangent to $\overline{BC}$ at $D$. Suppose the length of the altitude from $A$ to $\overline{BC}$ is $15$ and $BD^2 + CD^2 = 33$. What is $BC$?

Square $ABCD$ has side length $2$. For each $0 \leq r \leq 2$, point $P_r$ is on side $\overline{AB}$ with $AP_r = r$, and square $\Sigma_r$ is constructed with diagonal $\overline{DP_r}$. Let region $\mathcal{R}$ be the set of all points that are in both $\Sigma_0$ and $\Sigma_2$, but not in $\Sigma_r$ for at least one value of $r$. Find the area of the convex hull of $\mathcal{R}$. [i]Proposed by Justin Hsieh[/i]

Find all sets of five positive integers whose mode, mean, median, and range are all equal to $5$.

A positive integer $n$ is [i]brgorable[/i] if it is possible to arrange the numbers $1, 1, 2, 2, ..., n, n$ such that between any two $k$'s there are exactly $k$ numbers (for example, $n=2$ is not brgorable, but $n = 3$ is as demonstrated by $3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2$). How many brgorable numbers are less than 2019?

Suppose that k and x are positive integers such that $$\frac{k}{2}=\left( \sqrt{1 +\frac{\sqrt3}{2}}\right)^x+\left( \sqrt{1 -\frac{\sqrt3}{2}}\right)^x.$$ Find the sum of all possible values of $k$

Compute the unique real numbers $x<3$ such that $$\sqrt{(3-x)(4-x)}+\sqrt{(4-x)(6-x)}+\sqrt{(6-x)(3-x)}=x.$$

David recently bought a large supply of letter tiles. One day he arrives back to his dorm to find that some of the tiles have been arranged to read $\textsc{Central Michigan University}$. What is the smallest number of tiles David must remove and/or replace so that he can rearrange them to read $\textsc{Carnegie Mellon University}$?

Suppose that $a$ and $b$ are non-negative integers satisfying $a + b + ab + a^b = 42$. Find the sum of all possible values of $a + b$. Let $T = TNYWR$. Suppose that a sequence $\{a_n\}$ is defined via $a_1 = 11, a_2 = T$, and $a_n = a_{n-1} + 2a_{n-2}$ for $n \ge 3$. Find $a_{19} + a_{20}$.

Let $\triangle A_1B_1C_1$ be an equilateral triangle of area $60$. Chloe constructs a new triangle $\triangle A_2B_2C_2$ as follows. First, she flips a coin. If it comes up heads, she constructs point $A_2$ such that $B_1$ is the midpoint of $\overline{A_2C_1}$. If it comes up tails, she instead constructs $A_2$ such that $C_1$ is the midpoint of $\overline{A_2B_1}$. She performs analogous operations on $B_2$ and $C_2$. What is the expected value of the area of $\triangle A_2B_2C_2$?

We say that a binary string $s$ [i]contains[/i] another binary string $t$ if there exist indices $i_1,i_2,\ldots,i_{|t|}$ with $i_1 < i_2 < \ldots < i_{|t|}$ such that $$s_{i_1}s_{i_2}\ldots s_{i_{|t|}} = t.$$ (In other words, $t$ is found as a not necessarily contiguous substring of $s$.) For example, $110010$ contains $111$. What is the length of the shortest string $s$ which contains the binary representations of all the positive integers less than or equal to $2048$?

Let $a_0=1$ and for all $n\ge 1$ let $a_n$ be the smaller root of the equation $$4^{-n}x^2-x+a_{n-1} = 0.$$ Given that $a_n$ approaches a value $L$ as $n$ goes to infinity, what is the value of $L$?

Two right triangles are placed next to each other to form a quadrilateral as shown. What is the perimeter of the quadrilateral? [asy] size(4cm); fill((-5,0)--(0,12)--(0,6)--(8,0)--cycle, gray+opacity(0.3)); draw((0,0)--(0,12)--(-5,0)--cycle); draw((0,0)--(8,0)--(0,6)); label("5", (-2.5,0), S); label("13", (-2.5,6), dir(140)); label("6", (0,3), E); label("8", (4,0), S); [/asy] [i]Proposed by Nathan Xiong[/i]

Given $n=2020$, sort the $6$ values $$n^{n^2},\,\, 2^{2^{2^n}},\,\, n^{2^n},\,\, 2^{2^{n^2}},\,\, 2^{n^n},\,\,\text{and}\,\, 2^{n^{2^2}}$$ from [b]least[/b] to [b]greatest[/b]. Give your answer as a 6 digit permutation of the string "123456", where the number $i$ corresponds to the $i$-th expression in the list, from left to right.

Cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$ has circumradius $3$. Additionally, $AC = 3\sqrt{2}$, $AB/CD = 2/3$, and $AD = BD$. Find $CD$. [i]Proposed by Justin Hsieh[/i]

A polyomino is a connected figure constructed by joining one or more unit squares edge-to-edge. Determine, with proof, the number of non-congruent polyominoes with no holes, perimeter $180,$ and area $2024.$

On a plane, two equilateral triangles (of side length $1$) share a side, and a circle is drawn with the common side as a diameter. Find the area of the set of all points that lie inside exactly one of these shapes. [i]Proposed by Howard Halim[/i]

There are $5$ people who start with $1, 2, 3, 4,$ and $5$ cookies, respectively. Every minute, two different people are chosen uniformly at random. If they have $a$ and $b$ cookies and $a\neq b,$ the person with more cookies eats $|a-b|$ of their own cookies. If $a = b,$ the minute still passes with nothing happening. Compute the expected number of minutes until all $5$ people have an equal number of cookies.

Define $\{p_n\}_{n=0}^\infty\subset\mathbb N$ and $\{q_n\}_{n=0}^\infty\subset\mathbb N$ to be sequences of natural numbers as follows: [list] [*]$p_0=q_0=1$; [*]For all $n\in\mathbb N$, $q_n$ is the smallest natural number such that there exists a natural number $p_n$ with $\gcd(p_n,q_n)=1$ satisfying \[\dfrac{p_{n-1}}{q_{n-1}} < \dfrac{p_n}{q_n} < \sqrt 2.\] [/list] Find $q_3$.

Let $P$ be a point inside isosceles trapezoid $ABCD$ with $AB \parallel CD$ such that $$\angle{PAD}=\angle{PDA}=90^\circ-\angle{BPC}.$$ If $PA=14, AB=18,$ and $CD=28,$ compute the area of $ABCD.$

Consider the following function. $\textbf{procedure }\textsc{M}(x)$ $\qquad\textbf{if }0\leq x\leq 1$ $\qquad\qquad\textbf{return }x$ $\qquad\textbf{return }\textsc{M}(x^2\bmod 2^{32})$ Let $f:\mathbb N\to\mathbb N$ be defined such that $f(x) = 0$ if $\textsc{M}(x)$ does not terminate, and otherwise $f(x)$ equals the number of calls made to $\textsc{M}$ during the running of $\textsc{M}(x)$, not including the initial call. For example, $f(1) = 0$ and $f(2^{31}) = 1$. Compute the number of ones in the binary expansion of \[ f(0) + f(1) + f(2) + \cdots + f(2^{32} - 1). \]

Suppose we have a regular $24$-gon labeled $A_1 \cdots A_{24}.$ We will draw $2$ similar $24$-gons within $A_1 \cdots A_{24}.$ For the sake of this problem, make $A_i=A_{i+24}.$ With our first configuration, we create $3$ stars by creating lines $\overline{A_iA_{i+9}}.$ A $24$-gon will be created in the center, which we denote as our first $24$-gon. With our second configuration, we create a start by creating lines $\overline{A_iA_{i+11}}.$ A $24$-gon will be created in the center, which we denote as our second $24$-gon. Find the ratio of the areas of the first $24$-gon to the second $24$-gon.

Recall that in any row of Pascal's Triangle, the first and last elements of the row are $1$ and each other element in the row is the sum of the two elements above it from the previous row. With this in mind, define the $\textit{Pascal Squared Triangle}$ as follows: [list] [*] In the $n^{\text{th}}$ row, where $n\geq 1$, the first and last elements of the row equal $n^2$; [*] Each other element is the sum of the two elements directly above it. [/list] The first few rows of the Pascal Squared Triangle are shown below. \[\begin{array}{c@{\hspace{7em}} c@{\hspace{2pt}}c@{\hspace{2pt}}c@{\hspace{4pt}}c@{\hspace{2pt}} c@{\hspace{2pt}}c@{\hspace{2pt}}c@{\hspace{2pt}}c@{\hspace{3pt}}c@{\hspace{2pt}} c@{\hspace{2pt}}c} \vspace{4pt} \text{Row 1: } & & & & & & 1 & & & & & \\\vspace{4pt} \text{Row 2: } & & & & & 4 & & 4 & & & & \\\vspace{4pt} \text{Row 3: } & & & & 9 & & 8 & & 9 & & & \\\vspace{4pt} \text{Row 4: } & & &16& &17& &17& & 16& & \\\vspace{4pt} \text{Row 5: } & &25 & &33& &34 & &33 & &25 & \end{array}\] Let $S_n$ denote the sum of the entries in the $n^{\text{th}}$ row. For how many integers $1\leq n\leq 10^6$ is $S_n$ divisible by $13$?

Over all real numbers $x$, let $k$ be the minimum possible value of the expression $$\sqrt{x^2 + 9} +\sqrt{x^2 - 6x + 45}.$$ Determine $k^2$.