Found problems: 143
2016 China Team Selection Test, 2
Find the smallest positive number $\lambda $ , such that for any complex numbers ${z_1},{z_2},{z_3}\in\{z\in C\big| |z|<1\}$ ,if $z_1+z_2+z_3=0$, then $$\left|z_1z_2 +z_2z_3+z_3z_1\right|^2+\left|z_1z_2z_3\right|^2 <\lambda .$$
2022 China Team Selection Test, 6
Let $m$ be a positive integer, and $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_m$ (not necessarily different) be $m$ subsets of a finite set $A$. It is known that for any nonempty subset $I$ of $\{1, 2 \ldots, m \}$,
\[ \Big| \bigcup_{i \in I} A_i \Big| \ge |I|+1. \]
Show that the elements of $A$ can be colored black and white, so that each of $A_1,A_2,\ldots,A_m$ contains both black and white elements.
1999 China Team Selection Test, 1
For non-negative real numbers $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n$ which satisfy $x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_n = 1$, find the largest possible value of $\sum_{j = 1}^{n} (x_j^{4} - x_j^{5})$.
2019 China Team Selection Test, 4
Does there exist a finite set $A$ of positive integers of at least two elements and an infinite set $B$ of positive integers, such that any two distinct elements in $A+B$ are coprime, and for any coprime positive integers $m,n$, there exists an element $x$ in $A+B$ satisfying $x\equiv n \pmod m$ ?
Here $A+B=\{a+b|a\in A, b\in B\}$.
2019 China Team Selection Test, 1
Given complex numbers $x,y,z$, with $|x|^2+|y|^2+|z|^2=1$. Prove that: $$|x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz| \le 1$$
2019 China Team Selection Test, 5
Determine all functions $f: \mathbb{Q} \to \mathbb{Q}$ such that
$$f(2xy + \frac{1}{2}) + f(x-y) = 4f(x)f(y) + \frac{1}{2}$$
for all $x,y \in \mathbb{Q}$.
2017 China Team Selection Test, 5
Let $ \varphi(x)$ be a cubic polynomial with integer coefficients. Given that $ \varphi(x)$ has have 3 distinct real roots $u,v,w $ and $u,v,w $ are not rational number. there are integers $ a, b,c$ such that $u=av^2+bv+c$. Prove that $b^2 -2b -4ac - 7$ is a square number .
2018 China Team Selection Test, 3
Two positive integers $p,q \in \mathbf{Z}^{+}$ are given. There is a blackboard with $n$ positive integers written on it. A operation is to choose two same number $a,a$ written on the blackboard, and replace them with $a+p,a+q$. Determine the smallest $n$ so that such operation can go on infinitely.
2021 China Team Selection Test, 3
Determine the greatest real number $ C $, such that for every positive integer $ n\ge 2 $, there exists $ x_1, x_2,..., x_n \in [-1,1]$, so that
$$\prod_{1\le i<j\le n}(x_i-x_j) \ge C^{\frac{n(n-1)}{2}}$$.
2017 China Team Selection Test, 2
Let $ABCD$ be a non-cyclic convex quadrilateral. The feet of perpendiculars from $A$ to $BC,BD,CD$ are $P,Q,R$ respectively, where $P,Q$ lie on segments $BC,BD$ and $R$ lies on $CD$ extended. The feet of perpendiculars from $D$ to $AC,BC,AB$ are $X,Y,Z$ respectively, where $X,Y$ lie on segments $AC,BC$ and $Z$ lies on $BA$ extended. Let the orthocenter of $\triangle ABD$ be $H$. Prove that the common chord of circumcircles of $\triangle PQR$ and $\triangle XYZ$ bisects $BH$.
2001 China Team Selection Test, 1
Given any odd integer $n>3$ that is not divisible by $3$, determine whether it is possible to fill an $n \times n$ grid with $n^2$ integers such that (each cell filled with a number, the number at the intersection of the $i$-th row and $j$-th column is denoted as $a_{ij}$):
$\cdot$ Each row and each column contains a permutation of the numbers $0,1,2, \cdots, n-1$.
$\cdot$ The pairs $(a_{ij},a_{ji})$ for $i<j$ are all distinct.
2013 China Team Selection Test, 2
Let $k\ge 2$ be an integer and let $a_1 ,a_2 ,\cdots ,a_n,b_1 ,b_2 ,\cdots ,b_n$ be non-negative real numbers. Prove that\[\left(\frac{n}{n-1}\right)^{n-1}\left(\frac{1}{n} \sum_{i\equal{}1}^{n} a_i^2\right)+\left(\frac{1}{n} \sum_{i\equal{}1}^{n} b_i\right)^2\ge\prod_{i=1}^{n}(a_i^{2}+b_i^{2})^{\frac{1}{n}}.\]
2013 China Team Selection Test, 3
Let $n>1$ be an integer and let $a_0,a_1,\ldots,a_n$ be non-negative real numbers. Definite $S_k=\sum_{i\equal{}0}^k \binom{k}{i}a_i$ for $k=0,1,\ldots,n$. Prove that\[\frac{1}{n} \sum_{k\equal{}0}^{n-1} S_k^2-\frac{1}{n^2}\left(\sum_{k\equal{}0}^{n} S_k\right)^2\le \frac{4}{45} (S_n-S_0)^2.\]
2019 China Team Selection Test, 6
Given coprime positive integers $p,q>1$, call all positive integers that cannot be written as $px+qy$(where $x,y$ are non-negative integers) [i]bad[/i], and define $S(p,q)$ to be the sum of all bad numbers raised to the power of $2019$. Prove that there exists a positive integer $n$, such that for any $p,q$ as described, $(p-1)(q-1)$ divides $nS(p,q)$.
2017 China Team Selection Test, 4
An integer $n>1$ is given . Find the smallest positive number $m$ satisfying the following conditions： for any set $\{a,b\}$ $\subset \{1,2,\cdots,2n-1\}$ ,there are non-negative integers $ x, y$ ( not all zero) such that $2n|ax+by$ and $x+y\leq m.$
2017 China Team Selection Test, 3
Let $X$ be a set of $100$ elements. Find the smallest possible $n$ satisfying the following condition: Given a sequence of $n$ subsets of $X$, $A_1,A_2,\ldots,A_n$, there exists $1 \leq i < j < k \leq n$ such that
$$A_i \subseteq A_j \subseteq A_k \text{ or } A_i \supseteq A_j \supseteq A_k.$$
2001 China Team Selection Test, 2
Find the largest positive real number \( c \) such that for any positive integer \( n \), satisfies \(\{ \sqrt{7n} \} \geq \frac{c}{\sqrt{7n}}\).
2019 China Team Selection Test, 5
Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$ of triangle $ABC$. The circle with diameter $BC$, $\omega$, meets $AB,AC$ at $D,E$ respectively. $P$ lies inside $\triangle ABC$ such that $\angle PBA=\angle PAC, \angle PCA=\angle PAB$, and $2PM\cdot DE=BC^2$. Point $X$ lies outside $\omega$ such that $XM\parallel AP$, and $\frac{XB}{XC}=\frac{AB}{AC}$. Prove that $\angle BXC +\angle BAC=90^{\circ}$.
2018 China Team Selection Test, 3
Prove that there exists a constant $C>0$ such that
$$H(a_1)+H(a_2)+\cdots+H(a_m)\leq C\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{m}i a_i}$$
holds for arbitrary positive integer $m$ and any $m$ positive integer $a_1,a_2,\cdots,a_m$, where $$H(n)=\sum_{k=1}^{n}\frac{1}{k}.$$
2006 China Team Selection Test, 2
Find all positive integer pairs $(a,n)$ such that $\frac{(a+1)^n-a^n}{n}$ is an integer.
2023 China Team Selection Test, P5
Let $\triangle ABC$ be a triangle, and let $P_1,\cdots,P_n$ be points inside where no three given points are collinear. Prove that we can partition $\triangle ABC$ into $2n+1$ triangles such that their vertices are among $A,B,C,P_1,\cdots,P_n$, and at least $n+\sqrt{n}+1$ of them contain at least one of $A,B,C$.
2017 China Team Selection Test, 4
Given integer $d>1,m$,prove that there exists integer $k>l>0$, such that $$(2^{2^k}+d,2^{2^l}+d)>m.$$
2014 China Team Selection Test, 4
For any real numbers sequence $\{x_n\}$ ,suppose that $\{y_n\}$ is a sequence such that:
$y_1=x_1, y_{n+1}=x_{n+1}-(\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n} {x^2_i})^{ \frac{1}{2}}$ ${(n \ge 1})$ .
Find the smallest positive number $\lambda$ such that for any real numbers sequence $\{x_n\}$ and all positive integers $m$ , have $\frac{1}{m}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{m} {x^2_i}\le\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{m} {\lambda^{m-i}y^2_i} .$
(High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University )
2016 China Team Selection Test, 2
In the coordinate plane the points with both coordinates being rational numbers are called rational points. For any positive integer $n$, is there a way to use $n$ colours to colour all rational points, every point is coloured one colour, such that any line segment with both endpoints being rational points contains the rational points of every colour?
2025 China Team Selection Test, 14
Let \( p_1, p_2, \cdots, p_{2025} \) be real numbers. For \( 1 \leq i \leq 2025 \), let
\[\{a_n^{(i)}\}_{n \geq 0}\]
be an infinite real sequence satisfying
\[a_0^{(i)} = 0.\]
It is known that:
(1)
\[a_1^{(1)}, a_1^{(2)}, \cdots, a_1^{(2025)}\]
are not all zero.
(2) For any integer \( n \geq 0 \) and any \( 1 \leq i \leq 2025 \), the following holds:
\[p_i \cdot a_n^{(i+1)} = a_{n-1}^{(i)} + a_n^{(i)} + a_{n+1}^{(i)},\]
where the sequence
\[\{a_n^{(2026)}\}\]
satisfies
\[a_n^{(2026)} = a_n^{(1)}, \, n = 0, 1, 2, \cdots.\]
Prove that there exists a positive real number \( r \) such that for infinitely many positive integers \( n \),
\[\max \left\{ |a_n^{(1)}|, |a_n^{(2)}|, \cdots, |a_n^{(2025)}|\right\} \geq r.\]