Determine all polynomials $P(x)$ with real coefficients such that \[(x+1)P(x-1)-(x-1)P(x)\] is a constant polynomial.

Two symbols $A$ and $B$ obey the rule $ABBB = B$. Given a word $x_1x_2\ldots x_{3n+1}$ consisting of $n$ letters $A$ and $2n+1$ letters $B$, show that there is a unique cyclic permutation of this word which reduces to $B$.

Define a sequence of integers by $T_1 = 2$ and for $n\ge2$, $T_n = 2^{T_{n-1}}$. Find the remainder when $T_1 + T_2 + \cdots + T_{256}$ is divided by 255. [i]Ray Li.[/i]

How many ways are there to make two $3$-digit numbers $m$ and $n$ such that $n=3m$ and each of six digits $1$, $2$, $3$, $6$, $7$, $8$ are used exactly once?

Evaluate \[\frac{1/2}{1+\sqrt2}+\frac{1/4}{1+\sqrt[4]2}+\frac{1/8}{1+\sqrt[8]2}+\frac{1/16}{1+\sqrt[16]2}+\cdots\] [i]Proposed by Ethan Tan[/i]

In a plane are given $n > 2$ distinct points. Some pairs of these points are connected by segments so that no two of the segments intersect. Prove that there are at most $3n-6$ segments.

Determine all triples of real numbers $(x, y, z)$ which satisfy the following system of equations: \[ \begin{cases} x+y+z=0 \\ x^3+y^3+z^3 = 90 \\ x^5+y^5+z^5=2850. \end{cases} \]

$A(-1,0),B(1,0)$. $D(x,0)$ is a point on $AB$. $CD\perp AB$, and $C$ is a point on unit circle. When $x\in$________, segments $AD,BD,CD$ can be three sides of a acute triangle.

Consider 2 concentric circle radii $ R$ and $ r$ ($ R > r$) with centre $ O.$ Fix $ P$ on the small circle and consider the variable chord $ PA$ of the small circle. Points $ B$ and $ C$ lie on the large circle; $ B,P,C$ are collinear and $ BC$ is perpendicular to $ AP.$ [b]i.)[/b] For which values of $ \angle OPA$ is the sum $ BC^2 \plus{} CA^2 \plus{} AB^2$ extremal? [b]ii.)[/b] What are the possible positions of the midpoints $ U$ of $ BA$ and $ V$ of $ AC$ as $ \angle OPA$ varies?

A set $S$ is constructed as follows. To begin, $S=\{0,10\}$. Repeatedly, as long as possible, if $x$ is an integer root of some polynomial $a_nx^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+a_1x+a_0$ for some $n\geq 1$, all of whose coefficients $a_i$ are elements of $S$, then $x$ is put into $S$. When no more elements can be added to $S$, how many elements does $S$ have? $\textbf{(A) } 4 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 5 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 7 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 9 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 11$

Let $\vartriangle ABC$ be a triangle. Let $Q$ be a point in the interior of $\vartriangle ABC$, and let $X, Y,Z$ denote the feet of the altitudes from $Q$ to sides $BC$, $CA$, $AB$, respectively. Suppose that $BC = 15$, $\angle ABC = 60^o$, $BZ = 8$, $ZQ = 6$, and $\angle QCA = 30^o$. Let line $QX$ intersect the circumcircle of $\vartriangle XY Z$ at the point $W\ne X$. If the ratio $\frac{ WY}{WZ}$ can be expressed as $\frac{p}{q}$ for relatively prime positive integers $p, q$, find $p + q$.

Let \( \mathbb{N} \) be the set of all positive integers. We say that a function \( f: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N} \) is Georgian if \( f(1) = 1 \) and, for every positive integer \( n \), there exists a positive integer \( k \) such that \[ f^{(k)}(n) = 1, \quad \text{where } f^{(k)} = f \circ f \cdots \circ f \quad \text{(applied } k \text{ times)}. \] If \( f \) is a Georgian function, we define, for each positive integer \( n \), \( \text{ord}(n) \) as the smallest positive integer \( m \) such that \( f^{(m)}(n) = 1 \). Determine all positive real numbers \( c \) for which there exists a Georgian function such that, for every positive integer \( n \geq 2024 \), it holds that \( \text{ord}(n) \geq cn - 1 \).

Find a necessary and sufficient condition on the natural number $ n$ for the equation \[ x^n \plus{} (2 \plus{} x)^n \plus{} (2 \minus{} x)^n \equal{} 0 \] to have a integral root.

Let $(a_n)_{n\geq 1}$ be a sequence of positive real numbers with the property that $$(a_{n+1})^2 + a_na_{n+2} \leq a_n + a_{n+2}$$ for all positive integers $n$. Show that $a_{2022}\leq 1$.

For an integer $n\geq 3$, place $n$ points on the plane in such a way that all the distances between the points are at most one and exactly $n$ of the pairs of points have the distance one.

Let $P$ be the probability that the product of $2020$ real numbers chosen independently and uniformly at random from the interval $[-1, 2]$ is positive. The value of $2P - 1$ can be written in the form $\left(\frac{m}{n} \right)^b$, where $m$, $n$ and $b$ are positive integers such that $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime and $b$ is as large as possible. Compute $m + n + b$.

Prove that there is no positive rational number $x$ such that \[x^{\lfloor x\rfloor }=\frac{9}{2}.\]

How many ways are there to fill an $8\times8\times8$ cube with $1\times1\times8$ sticks? Rotations and reflections are considered distinct. [i]Team #2[/i]

Let $a\geq 0$ be constant. Find the number of Intersection points of the graph of the function $y=x^3-3a^2x$ and the figure expressed by the equation $|x|+|y|=2$.

Let $\displaystyle{f:{\cal R} \to {\cal R}}$ be a twice differentiable function. Suppose $\displaystyle{f\left( 0 \right) = 0}$. Prove there exists $\displaystyle{\xi \in \left( { - \frac{\pi }{2},\frac{\pi }{2}} \right)}$ such that \[\displaystyle{f''\left( \xi \right) = f\left( \xi \right)\left( {1 + 2{{\tan }^2}\xi } \right)}.\] [i]Proposed by Karen Keryan, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.[/i]

A $4*4*4$ cubical box contains 64 identical small cubes that exactly fill the box. How many of these small cubes touch a side or the bottom of the box? $ \text{(A)}\ 48\qquad\text{(B)}\ 52\qquad\text{(C)}\ 60\qquad\text{(D)}\ 64\qquad\text{(E)}\ 80 $

Ike and Mike go into a sandwich shop with a total of $\$30.00$ to spend. Sandwiches cost $\$4.50$ each and soft drinks cost $\$1.00$ each. Ike and Mike plan to buy as many sandwiches as they can and use any remaining money to buy soft drinks. Counting both soft drinks and sandwiches, how many items will they buy? $\textbf{(A) } 6 \qquad\textbf{(B) }7\qquad\textbf{(C) }8\qquad\textbf{(D) }9\qquad\textbf{(E) }10$

In a right triangle with sides $ a$ and $ b$, and hypotenuse $ c$, the altitude drawn on the hypotenuse is $ x$. Then: $ \textbf{(A)}\ ab \equal{} x^2 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \frac {1}{a} \plus{} \frac {1}{b} \equal{} \frac {1}{x} \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ a^2 \plus{} b^2 \equal{} 2x^2$ $ \textbf{(D)}\ \frac {1}{x^2} \equal{} \frac {1}{a^2} \plus{} \frac {1}{b^2} \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \frac {1}{x} \equal{} \frac {b}{a}$

The circle is divided into $49$ areas so that no three areas touch at one point. The resulting “map” is colored in three colors so that no two adjacent areas have the same color. The border of two areas is considered to be colored in both colors. Prove that on the circle there are two diametrically opposite points, colored in one color.

Let $r$ be a root of $P(x)=x^3+ax^2+bx-1=0$ and $r+1$ be a root of $y^3+cy^2+dy+1=0,$ where $a,b,c$ and $d$ are integers. Also let $P(x)$ be irreducible over the rational numbers. Express another root $s$ of $P(x)=0$ as a function of $r$ which does not explicitly involve $a,b,c$ or $d.$