Olympiad problems

VMEO III 2006 Shortlist, N12

Given a positive integer $n > 1$. Find the smallest integer of the form $\frac{n^a-n^b}{n^c-n^d}$ for all positive integers $a,b,c,d$.

2014 Hanoi Open Mathematics Competitions, 7

Tags: floor function , algebra , Integer

Determine the integral part of $A$, where $A =\frac{1}{672}+\frac{1}{673}+... +\frac{1}{2014}$

2021 Polish Junior MO Second Round, 1

Tags: number theory , Integer

The numbers $a, b$ satisfy the condition $2a + a^2= 2b + b^2$. Prove that if $a$ is an integer, $b$ is also an integer.

2014 Abels Math Contest (Norwegian MO) Final, 4

Tags: number theory , Integer

Find all triples $(a, b, c)$ of positive integers for which $\frac{32a + 3b + 48c}{4abc}$ is also an integer.

1983 Brazil National Olympiad, 3

Tags: number theory , Integer , Sum

Show that $1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/n$ is not an integer for $n > 1$.

2025 Nepal National Olympiad, 2

Tags: algebra , number theory , Integer

(a) Positive rational numbers $a, b,$ and $c$ have the property that $\frac{a}{b} + \frac{b}{c} + \frac{c}{a}$ is an integer. Is it possible for $\frac{a}{c} + \frac{c}{b} + \frac{b}{a}$ to also be an integer except for the trivial solution? (b) Positive real numbers $a, b,$ and $c$ have the property that $\frac{a}{b} + \frac{b}{c} + \frac{c}{a}$ is an integer. Is it possible for $\frac{a}{c} + \frac{c}{b} + \frac{b}{a}$ to also be an integer except for the trivial solution? [i](Andrew Brahms, USA)[/i]

2003 Korea Junior Math Olympiad, 1

Tags: number theory , Squares , Integer

Show that for any non-negative integer $n$, the number $2^{2n+1}$ cannot be expressed as a sum of four non-zero square numbers.

2010 Contests, 4

Tags: number theory , Integer

(a) Determine all pairs $(x, y)$ of (real) numbers with $0 < x < 1$ and $0 <y < 1$ for which $x + 3y$ and $3x + y$ are both integer. An example is $(x,y) =( \frac{8}{3}, \frac{7}{8}) $, because $ x+3y =\frac38 +\frac{21}{8} =\frac{24}{8} = 3$ and $ 3x+y = \frac98 + \frac78 =\frac{16}{8} = 2$. (b) Determine the integer $m > 2$ for which there are exactly $119$ pairs $(x,y)$ with $0 < x < 1$ and $0 < y < 1$ such that $x + my$ and $mx + y$ are integers. Remark: if $u \ne v,$ the pairs $(u, v)$ and $(v, u)$ are different.

2003 Dutch Mathematical Olympiad, 1

Tags: Pythagorean Triple , Integer , area , perimeter , geometry

A Pythagorean triangle is a right triangle whose three sides are integers. The best known example is the triangle with rectangular sides $3$ and $4$ and hypotenuse $5$. Determine all Pythagorean triangles whose area is twice the perimeter.

1997 Abels Math Contest (Norwegian MO), 4

Tags: algebra , polynomial , Integer , Integer Polynomial

Let $p(x)$ be a polynomial with integer coefficients. Suppose that there exist different integers $a$ and $b$ such that $f(a) = b$ and $f(b) = a$. Show that the equation $f(x) = x$ has at most one integer solution.

2006 Chile National Olympiad, 2

Tags: geometry , Integer , circumradius , area

In a triangle $ \vartriangle ABC $ with sides integer numbers, it is known that the radius of the circumcircle circumscribed to $ \vartriangle ABC $ measures $ \dfrac {65} {8} $ centimeters and the area is $84$ cm². Determine the lengths of the sides of the triangle.

1953 Putnam, B2

Tags: Putnam , Integer , polynomial

Let $a_0 ,a_1 , \ldots, a_n$ be real numbers and let $f(x) =a_n x^n +\ldots +a_1 x +a_0.$ Suppose that $f(i)$ is an integer for all $i.$ Prove that $n! \cdot a_k$ is an integer for each $k.$

2005 Cuba MO, 8

Tags: geometry , Integer , geometric inequality , areas

Find the smallest real number $A$, such that there are two different triangles, with integer sidelengths and so that the area of each be $A$.

2015 Germany Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: Integer , positive , consecutive , form , number theory

A positive integer $n$ is called [i]naughty[/i] if it can be written in the form $n=a^b+b$ with integers $a,b \geq 2$. Is there a sequence of $102$ consecutive positive integers such that exactly $100$ of those numbers are naughty?

1987 Tournament Of Towns, (161) 5

Tags: Coloring , combinatorics , Integer

Consider the set of all pairs of positive integers $(A , B)$ in which $A < B$ . Some of these pairs are to $be$ designated as "black" , while the remainder are to be designated as "white" . Is it possible to designate these pairs in such a way that for any triple of positive integers of form $A, A + D, A + 2D$, in which $D > 0$, the associated pairs $(A, A + D )$ , $(A , A + 2D)$ and $(A + D, A + 2D)$ would include at least one pair of each colour?

2018 BAMO, 4

Tags: number theory , algebra , perfect cube , Integer , geometry , 3D geometry

(a) Find two quadruples of positive integers $(a,b, c,n)$, each with a different value of $n$ greater than $3$, such that $$\frac{a}{b} +\frac{b}{c} +\frac{c}{a} = n$$ (b) Show that if $a,b, c$ are nonzero integers such that $\frac{a}{b} +\frac{b}{c} +\frac{c}{a}$ is an integer, then $abc$ is a perfect cube. (A perfect cube is a number of the form $n^3$, where $n$ is an integer.)

2010 Dutch Mathematical Olympiad, 4

Tags: number theory , Integer

(a) Determine all pairs $(x, y)$ of (real) numbers with $0 < x < 1$ and $0 <y < 1$ for which $x + 3y$ and $3x + y$ are both integer. An example is $(x,y) =( \frac{8}{3}, \frac{7}{8}) $, because $ x+3y =\frac38 +\frac{21}{8} =\frac{24}{8} = 3$ and $ 3x+y = \frac98 + \frac78 =\frac{16}{8} = 2$. (b) Determine the integer $m > 2$ for which there are exactly $119$ pairs $(x,y)$ with $0 < x < 1$ and $0 < y < 1$ such that $x + my$ and $mx + y$ are integers. Remark: if $u \ne v,$ the pairs $(u, v)$ and $(v, u)$ are different.

1996 Dutch Mathematical Olympiad, 1

Tags: combinatorics , Integer , angles

How many different (non similar) triangles are there whose angles have an integer number of degrees?

1957 Polish MO Finals, 3

Tags: number theory , Integer

Prove that if the function $ ax^2 + bx + c $ takes an integer value for every integer value of the variable $ x $, then $ 2a $, $ a + b $, $ c $ are integers and vice versa.

2016 Saint Petersburg Mathematical Olympiad, 7

Tags: algebra , polynomial , Integer Polynomial , Integer

A polynomial $P(x)$ with integer coefficients and a positive integer $a>1$, are such that for all integers $x$, there exists an integer $z$ such that $aP(x)=P(z)$. Find all such pairs of $(P(x),a)$.

2001 BAMO, 3

Tags: function , algebra , Integer

Let $f (n)$ be a function satisfying the following three conditions for all positive integers $n$: (a) $f (n)$ is a positive integer, (b) $f (n + 1) > f (n)$, (c) $f ( f (n)) = 3n$. Find $f (2001)$.

1997 Romania National Olympiad, 1

Tags: number theory , Integer

Let $n_1 = \overline{abcabc}$ and $n_2= \overline{d00d}$ be numbers represented in the decimal system, with $a\ne 0$ and $d \ne 0$. a) Prove that $\sqrt{n_1}$ cannot be an integer. b) Find all positive integers $n_1$ and $n_2$ such that $\sqrt{n_1+n_2}$ is an integer number. c) From all the pairs $(n_1,n_2)$ such that $\sqrt{n_1 n_2}$ is an integer find those for which $\sqrt{n_1 n_2}$ has the greatest possible value

2018 Rioplatense Mathematical Olympiad, Level 3, 5

Tags: number theory , Integer , Product , Products , positive integers

Let $n$ be a positive integer. Find all $n$- rows $( a_1 , a_2 ,..., a_n )$ of different positive integers such that $$ \frac{(a_1 + d ) (a_2 + d ) \cdot\cdot\cdot ( a_n + d )}{a_1a_2\cdot \cdot \cdot a_n }$$ is integer for every integer $d\ge 0$

2015 Germany Team Selection Test, 1

Tags: algebra , polynomial , real number , Root , Integer

Find the least positive integer $n$, such that there is a polynomial \[ P(x) = a_{2n}x^{2n}+a_{2n-1}x^{2n-1}+\dots+a_1x+a_0 \] with real coefficients that satisfies both of the following properties: - For $i=0,1,\dots,2n$ it is $2014 \leq a_i \leq 2015$. - There is a real number $\xi$ with $P(\xi)=0$.

2002 Singapore Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: floor function , number theory , Integer , divides , divisible

For each real number $x$, $\lfloor x \rfloor$ is the greatest integer less than or equal to $x$. For example $\lfloor 2.8 \rfloor = 2$. Let $r \ge 0$ be a real number such that for all integers $m, n, m|n$ implies $\lfloor mr \rfloor| \lfloor nr \rfloor$. Prove that $r$ is an integer.