Determine all functions $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ such that $$ f(2f(x) + y) = f(f(x) - f(y)) + 2y + x, $$ for all $x,y \in \mathbb{R}.$

Let a sequence be defined as follows: $a_0=1$, and for $n>0$, $a_n$ is $\tfrac{1}{3}a_{n-1}$ and is $\tfrac{1}{9}a_{n-1}$ with probability $\tfrac{1}{2}$. If the expected value of $\textstyle\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_n$ can be expressed in simplest form as $\tfrac{p}{q}$, what is $p+q$?

Q. An automatic cleaner of the disc shape has passed along a plain floor. For each point of its circular boundary there exists a straight line that has contained this point all the time. Is it necessarily true that the center of the disc stayed on some straight line all the time? ($9$ marks)

Let $a>0$ and $x_1,x_2,x_3$ be real numbers with $x_1+x_2+x_3=0$. Prove that $$\log_2\left(1+a^{x_1}\right)+\log_2\left(1+a^{x_2}\right)+\log_2\left(1+a^{x_3}\right)\ge3.$$

Let $k$ be a constant number larger than $1$. Find all polynomials $P(x)$ such that $P({x^k}) = {\left( {P(x)} \right)^k}$ for all real $x$.

Let $K$ be a field having $q=p^n$ elements, where $p$ is a prime and $n\ge 2$ is an arbitrary integer number. For any $a\in K$, one defines the polynomial $f_a=X^q-X+a$. Show that: $a)$ $f=(X^q-X)^q-(X^q-X)$ is divisible by $f_1$; $b)$ $f_a$ has at least $p^{n-1}$ essentially different irreducible factors $K[X]$.

Find the interior angle between two sides of a regular octagon (degrees).

Find the smallest four-digit number that when divided by $3$ gives a four-digit number with the same digits. (Note: Four digits means that the thousand Unit digit must not be $0$.)

The graph below shows a portion of the curve defined by the quartic polynomial $ P(x) \equal{} x^4 \plus{} ax^3 \plus{} bx^2 \plus{} cx \plus{} d$. Which of the following is the smallest? $ \textbf{(A)}\ P( \minus{} 1)$ $ \textbf{(B)}\ \text{The product of the zeros of }P$ $ \textbf{(C)}\ \text{The product of the non \minus{} real zeros of }P$ $ \textbf{(D)}\ \text{The sum of the coefficients of }P$ $ \textbf{(E)}\ \text{The sum of the real zeros of }P$ [asy] size(170); defaultpen(linewidth(0.7)+fontsize(7));size(250); real f(real x) { real y=1/4; return 0.2125(x*y)^4-0.625(x*y)^3-1.6125(x*y)^2+0.325(x*y)+5.3; } draw(graph(f,-10.5,19.4)); draw((-13,0)--(22,0)^^(0,-10.5)--(0,15)); int i; filldraw((-13,10.5)--(22,10.5)--(22,20)--(-13,20)--cycle,white, white); for(i=-3; i<6; i=i+1) { if(i!=0) { draw((4*i,0)--(4*i,-0.2)); label(string(i), (4*i,-0.2), S); }} for(i=-5; i<6; i=i+1){ if(i!=0) { draw((0,2*i)--(-0.2,2*i)); label(string(2*i), (-0.2,2*i), W); }} label("0", origin, SE);[/asy]

The triangle $ABC$ satisfies $AB=10$ and has angles $\angle{A}=75^{\circ}$, $\angle{B}=60^{\circ}$, and $\angle C = 45^{\circ}$. Let $I_A$ be the center of the excircle opposite $A$, and let $D$, $E$ be the circumcenters of triangle $BCI_A$ and $ACI_A$ respectively. If $O$ is the circumcenter of triangle $ABC$, then the area of triangle $EOD$ can be written as $\tfrac{a\sqrt{b}}{c}$ for square-free $b$ and coprime $a,c$. Find the value of $a+b+c$.

Positive real numbers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_{2024}$ are written on the blackboard. A move consists of choosing two numbers $x$ and $y$ on the blackboard, erasing them and writing the number $\frac{x^2+6xy+y^2}{x+y}$ on the blackboard. After $2023$ moves, only one number $c$ will remain on the blackboard. Prove that \[ c<2024 (a_1+a_2+\ldots+a_{2024}).\]

Given a fixed circle $C$ and a line L through the center $O$ of $C$. Take a variable point $P$ on $L$ and let $K$ be the circle with center $P$ through $O$. Let $T$ be the point where a common tangent to $C$ and $K$ meets $K$. What is the locus of $T$?

Let $ n,k$ be given positive integers satisfying $ k\le 2n \minus{} 1$. On a table tennis tournament $ 2n$ players take part, they play a total of $ k$ rounds match, each round is divided into $ n$ groups, each group two players match. The two players in different rounds can match on many occasions. Find the greatest positive integer $ m \equal{} f(n,k)$ such that no matter how the tournament processes, we always find $ m$ players each of pair of which didn't match each other.

At a length of $104$ miles, the Danyang-Kushan Bridge holds the title for being the longest bridge in the world. A car travels at a constant speed of $39$ miles per hour across the Danyang-Kushan Bridge. How long does it take the car to travel across the entire bridge? $\textbf{(A) }\text{2 hours, 12 minutes} \qquad \textbf{(B) }\text{2 hours, 20 minutes} \qquad \textbf{(C) }\text{2 hours, 25 minutes}$\\ $\textbf{(D) }\text{2 hours, 30 minutes} \qquad \textbf{(E) }\text{2 hours, 40 minutes}$

Let \( X \) be an arbitrary point on the side \( BC \) of triangle \( ABC \). The point \( M \) on the ray \( AB^\to \) beyond \( B \), the point \( N \) on the ray \( AC^\to \) beyond \( C \), and the point \( K \) inside \( ABC \) are such that \( \angle BMX = \angle CNX = \angle KBC = \angle KCB \). The line through \( A \), parallel to \( BC \), intersects the line \( KX \) at point \( P \). Prove that the points \( A \), \( P \), \( M \), \( N \) lie on a circle.

Two disjoint subsets of the set $\{1,2, ... ,m\}$ have the same sums of elements. Prove that each of the subsets $A,B$ has less than $m / \sqrt2$ elements.

A student did not notice multiplication sign between two three-digit numbers and wrote it as a six-digit number. Result was 7 times more that it should be. Find these numbers. [i](2 points)[/i]

Diameter $AB$ divides a circle into two semicircles. Points $P_1$ , $P_2$, $...$, $P_n$ are given on one of the semicircles in this order. How should a point C be chosen on the other semicircle in order to maximize the sum of the areas of triangles $CP_1P_2$, $CP_2P_3$, $...$,$CP_{n-1}P_n$?

Define a colouring in tha plane the following way: - we pick a positive integer $m$; - let $K_{1}$, $K_{2}$, ..., $K_{m}$ be different circles with nonzero radii such that $K_{i}\subset K_{j}$ or $K_{j}\subset K_{i}$ if $i \neq j$; - the points in the plane that lie outside an arbitrary circle (one that is amongst the circles we pick) are coloured differently than the points that lie inside the circle. There are $2019$ points in the plane such that any $3$ of them are not collinear. Determine the maximum number of colours which we can use to colour the given points.

Let $a,b,c$ be the lengths of the sides of a triangle. Prove that, $\left|\frac {a}{b}+\frac {b}{c}+\frac {c}{a}-\frac {b}{a}-\frac {c}{b}-\frac {a}{c}\right|<1$

On each side of an equilateral triangle with side length $n$ units, where $n$ is an integer, $1 \leq n \leq 100$, consider $n-1$ points that divide the side into $n$ equal segments. Through these points, draw lines parallel to the sides of the triangle, obtaining a net of equilateral triangles of side length one unit. On each of the vertices of these small triangles, place a coin head up. Two coins are said to be adjacent if the distance between them is 1 unit. A move consists of flipping over any three mutually adjacent coins. Find the number of values of $n$ for which it is possible to turn all coins tail up after a finite number of moves.

How many ways are there to represent $10^6$ as the product of three factors? Factorizations which only differ in the order of the factors are considered to be distinct.

For how many integer values of $x$ is $|2x|\leq 7\pi?$ $\textbf{(A) }16 \qquad\textbf{(B) }17\qquad\textbf{(C) }19\qquad\textbf{(D) }20\qquad\textbf{(E) }21$

Mario has a deck of seven pairs of matching number cards and two pairs of matching Jokers, for a total of $18$ cards. He shuffles the deck, then draws the cards from the top one by one until he holds a pair of matching Jokers. The expected number of complete pairs that Mario holds at the end (including the Jokers) is $\frac{m}{n}$ , where $m$, $n$ are positive integers and gcd $(m,n) = 1$. Find $100m + n$.

Find the sum of all perfect squares that divide 2016.