Found problems: 15925
1988 Tournament Of Towns, (184) 1
It is known that the proportion of people with fair hair among people with blue eyes is more than the proportion of people with fair hair among all people. Which is greater , the proportion of people with blue eyes among people with fair hair, or the proportion of people with blue eyes among all people?
(Folklore)
2008 Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament, 14
Evaluate the infinite sum $ \sum_{n\equal{}1}^{\infty}\frac{n}{n^4\plus{}4}$.
2022 Chile Junior Math Olympiad, 1
Find all real numbers $x, y, z$ that satisfy the following system
$$\sqrt{x^3 - y} = z - 1$$
$$\sqrt{y^3 - z} = x - 1$$
$$\sqrt{z^3 - x} = y - 1$$
2018 Purple Comet Problems, 15
There are integers $a_1, a_2, a_3,...,a_{240}$ such that $x(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) ... (x + 239) =\sum_{n=1}^{240}a_nx^n$. Find the number of integers $k$ with $1\le k \le 240$ such that ak is a multiple of $3$.
2019 Denmark MO - Mohr Contest, 2
Two distinct numbers a and b satisfy that the two equations $x^{2019} + ax + 2b = 0$ and $x^{2019}+ bx + 2a = 0$ have a common solution. Determine all possible values of $a + b$.
2010 Romanian Masters In Mathematics, 2
For each positive integer $n$, find the largest real number $C_n$ with the following property. Given any $n$ real-valued functions $f_1(x), f_2(x), \cdots, f_n(x)$ defined on the closed interval $0 \le x \le 1$, one can find numbers $x_1, x_2, \cdots x_n$, such that $0 \le x_i \le 1$ satisfying
\[|f_1(x_1)+f_2(x_2)+\cdots f_n(x_n)-x_1x_2\cdots x_n| \ge C_n\]
[i]Marko Radovanović, Serbia[/i]
2024 USA IMO Team Selection Test, 1
Find the smallest constant $C > 1$ such that the following statement holds: for every integer $n \geq 2$ and sequence of non-integer positive real numbers $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$ satisfying $$\frac{1}{a_1} + \frac{1}{a_2} + \cdots + \frac{1}{a_n} = 1,$$ it's possible to choose positive integers $b_i$ such that
(i) for each $i = 1, 2, \dots, n$, either $b_i = \lfloor a_i \rfloor$ or $b_i = \lfloor a_i \rfloor + 1$, and
(ii) we have $$1 < \frac{1}{b_1} + \frac{1}{b_2} + \cdots + \frac{1}{b_n} \leq C.$$
(Here $\lfloor \bullet \rfloor$ denotes the floor function, as usual.)
[i]Merlijn Staps[/i]
2014 Balkan MO Shortlist, A1
$\boxed{\text{A1}}$Let $a,b,c$ be positive reals numbers such that $a+b+c=1$.Prove that $2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\ge \frac{1}{9}+15abc$
2006 APMO, 2
Prove that every positive integer can be written as a finite sum of distinct integral powers of the golden ratio.
2014 AMC 12/AHSME, 20
For how many positive integers $x$ is $\log_{10}{(x-40)} + \log_{10}{(60-x)} < 2$?
${ \textbf{(A)}\ 10\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 18\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 19\qquad\textbf{(D)}}\ 20\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{infinitely many} $
2019 International Zhautykov OIympiad, 6
We define two types of operation on polynomial of third degree:
a) switch places of the coefficients of polynomial(including zero coefficients), ex:
$ x^3+x^2+3x-2 $ => $ -2x^3+3x^2+x+1$
b) replace the polynomial $P(x)$ with $P(x+1)$
If limitless amount of operations is allowed,
is it possible from $x^3-2$ to get $x^3-3x^2+3x-3$ ?
Gheorghe Țițeica 2024, P1
Let $a_1\in(0,1)$ and define recursively the sequence $(a_n)_{n\geq 1}$ by $a_{n+1}=3a_n-4a_n^3$ for all $n\geq 1$.
a) Prove that for all $n$ we have $|a_n|<1$.
b) Prove that for any $k\geq 2$ we can choose $a_1\in(0,1)$ adequately such that $a_{n+k}=a_n$ for all $n\geq 1$.
[i]Sergiu Moroianu[/i]
2017 Balkan MO, 1
Find all ordered pairs of positive integers$ (x, y)$ such that:$$x^3+y^3=x^2+42xy+y^2.$$
1985 Federal Competition For Advanced Students, P2, 4
Find all natural numbers $ n$ such that the equation:
$ a_{n\plus{}1} x^2\minus{}2x \sqrt{a_1^2\plus{}a_2^2\plus{}...\plus{}a_{n\plus{}1}^2}\plus{}a_1\plus{}a_2\plus{}...\plus{}a_n\equal{}0$
has real solutions for all real numbers $ a_1,a_2,...,a_{n\plus{}1}$.
2014 Saudi Arabia IMO TST, 2
Determine all functions $f:[0,\infty)\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ such that $f(0)=0$ and \[f(x)=1+5f\left(\left\lfloor{\frac{x}{2}\right\rfloor}\right)-6f\left(\left\lfloor{\frac{x}{4}\right\rfloor}\right)\] for all $x>0$.
1997 Bosnia and Herzegovina Team Selection Test, 3
It is given function $f : A \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, $(A\subseteq \mathbb{R})$ such that $$f(x+y)=f(x)\cdot f(y)-f(xy)+1; (\forall x,y \in A)$$ If $f : A \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, $(\mathbb{N} \subseteq A\subseteq \mathbb{R})$ is solution of given functional equation, prove that: $$f(n)=\begin{cases}
\frac{c^{n+1}-1}{c-1} \text{, } \forall n \in \mathbb{N}, c \neq 1 \\
n+1 \text{, } \forall n \in \mathbb{N}, c = 1
\end{cases}$$
where $c=f(1)-1$
$a)$ Solve given functional equation for $A=\mathbb{N}$
$b)$ With $A=\mathbb{Q}$, find all functions $f$ which are solutions of the given functional equation and also $f(1997) \neq f(1998)$
1977 Germany Team Selection Test, 2
Determine the polynomials P of two variables so that:
[b]a.)[/b] for any real numbers $t,x,y$ we have $P(tx,ty) = t^n P(x,y)$ where $n$ is a positive integer, the same for all $t,x,y;$
[b]b.)[/b] for any real numbers $a,b,c$ we have $P(a + b,c) + P(b + c,a) + P(c + a,b) = 0;$
[b]c.)[/b] $P(1,0) =1.$
2008 China Western Mathematical Olympiad, 2
Given $ x,y,z\in (0,1)$ satisfying that
$ \sqrt{\frac{1 \minus{} x}{yz}} \plus{} \sqrt{\frac{1 \minus{} y}{xz}} \plus{} \sqrt{\frac{1 \minus{} z}{xy}} \equal{} 2$.
Find the maximum value of $ xyz$.
2025 Kyiv City MO Round 1, Problem 5
Real numbers \( a, b, c \) satisfy the following conditions:
\[
1000 < |a| < 2000, \quad 1000 < |b| < 2000, \quad 1000 < |c| < 2000,
\]
and
\[
\frac{ab^2}{a+b} + \frac{bc^2}{b+c} + \frac{ca^2}{c+a} = 0.
\]
What are the possible values of the expression
\[
\frac{a}{b} + \frac{b}{c} + \frac{c}{a}?
\]
[i]Proposed by Vadym Solomka[/i]
2021 Brazil Team Selection Test, 4
[i]Version 1[/i]. Let $n$ be a positive integer, and set $N=2^{n}$. Determine the smallest real number $a_{n}$ such that, for all real $x$,
\[
\sqrt[N]{\frac{x^{2 N}+1}{2}} \leqslant a_{n}(x-1)^{2}+x .
\]
[i]Version 2[/i]. For every positive integer $N$, determine the smallest real number $b_{N}$ such that, for all real $x$,
\[
\sqrt[N]{\frac{x^{2 N}+1}{2}} \leqslant b_{N}(x-1)^{2}+x .
\]
2022 Thailand Mathematical Olympiad, 2
Define a function $f:\mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}\to\{-1,1\}$ such that
$$f(m,n)=\begin{cases} 1 &\text{if }m,n\text{ have the same parity, and} \\ -1 &\text{if }m,n\text{ have different parity}\end{cases}$$
for every positive integers $m,n$. Determine the minimum possible value of
$$\sum_{1\leq i<j\leq 2565} ijf(x_i,x_j)$$
across all permutations $x_1,x_2,x_3,\dots,x_{2565}$ of $1,2,\dots,2565$.
2008 Mediterranean Mathematics Olympiad, 4
The sequence of polynomials $(a_n)$ is defined by $a_0=0$, $ a_1=x+2$ and $a_n=a_{n-1}+3a_{n-1}a_{n-2} +a_{n-2}$ for $n>1$.
(a) Show for all positive integers $k,m$: if $k$ divides $m$ then $a_k$ divides $a_m$.
(b) Find all positive integers $n$ such that the sum of the roots of polynomial $a_n$ is an integer.
2007 Middle European Mathematical Olympiad, 4
Find all positive integers $ k$ with the following property: There exists an integer $ a$ so that $ (a\plus{}k)^{3}\minus{}a^{3}$ is a multiple of $ 2007$.
2007 Mathematics for Its Sake, 2
Let be a natural number $ k $ and let be two infinite sequences $ \left( x_n \right)_{n\ge 1} ,\left( y_n \right)_{n\ge 1} $ such that
$$ \{1\}\cap\{ x_1,x_2,\ldots ,x_k\}=\{1\}\cap\{ y_1,y_2,\ldots ,y_k\} =\{ x_1,x_2,\ldots ,x_k\}\cap\{ y_1,y_2,\ldots ,y_k\} =\emptyset , $$
and defined by the following recurrence relations:
$$ x_{n+k}=\frac{y_n}{x_n} ,\quad y_{n+k} =\frac{y_n-1}{x_n-1} $$
Prove that $ \left( x_n \right)_{n\ge 1} $ and $ \left( y_n \right)_{n\ge 1} $ are periodic.
[i]Dumitru Acu[/i]
2013 AIME Problems, 1
The AIME Triathlon consists of a half-mile swim, a $30$-mile bicycle, and an eight-mile run. Tom swims, bicycles, and runs at constant rates. He runs five times as fast as he swims, and he bicycles twice as fast as he runs. Tom completes the AIME Triathlon in four and a quarter hours. How many minutes does he spend bicycling?