Consider the sequence $a_1, a_2, a_3, ...$ defined by $a_1 = 9$ and $a_{n + 1} = \frac{(n + 5)a_n + 22}{n + 3}$ for $n \ge 1$. Find all natural numbers $n$ for which $a_n$ is a perfect square of an integer.

Let $2\mathbb{Z} + 1$ denote the set of odd integers. Find all functions $f:\mathbb{Z} \mapsto 2\mathbb{Z} + 1$ satisfying \[ f(x + f(x) + y) + f(x - f(x) - y) = f(x+y) + f(x-y) \] for every $x, y \in \mathbb{Z}$.

It is given positive real number $a$ such that: $$\left\{\frac{1}{a}\right\}=\{a^2\}$$ $$ 2<a^2<3$$ Find the value of $$a^{12}-\frac{144}{a}$$

How many ordered pairs of integers $(x, y)$ satisfy the equation$$x^{2020}+y^2=2y?$$ $\textbf{(A) } 1 \qquad\textbf{(B) } 2 \qquad\textbf{(C) } 3 \qquad\textbf{(D) } 4 \qquad\textbf{(E) } \text{infinitely many}$

For non-negative numbers $x$ and $y$ not exceeding $1$, prove that $$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+y^2}} \le \frac{2}{\sqrt{1 + xy}},$$

Which positive integers $n$ make the equation \[\sum_{i=1}^n \sum_{j=1}^n \left\lfloor \frac{ij}{n+1} \right\rfloor=\frac{n^2(n-1)}{4}\] true?

Show that for all non-constant functions $f:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$, there are two real numbers $x,y$ such that $$f(x+f(y))>xf(y)+x.$$

Find all functions $f:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow\mathbb{N}$ such that \[f(n+1)>\frac{f(n)+f(f(n))}{2}\] for all $n\in\mathbb{N}$, where $\mathbb{N}$ is the set of strictly positive integers.

Let $a,b,c,d$ be real numbers. Prove that the set $M=\left\{ax^3+bx^2+cx+d|x\in\mathbb R\right\}$ contains no irrational numbers if and only if $a=b=c=0$ and $d$ is rational.

What is the value of $ { \sum_{1 \le i< j \le 10}(i+j)}_{i+j=odd} $ $ - { \sum_{1 \le i< j \le 10}(i+j)}_{i+j=even} $

Let $f(x)$ be an odd function on $\mathbb{R}$, such that $f(x)=x^2$ when $x\ge 0$. Knowing that for all $x\in [a,a+2]$, the inequality $f(x+a)\ge 2f(x)$ holds, find the range of real number $a$.

Let $p(x)$ be a polynomial with integer coefficients such that $p(0)=p(1)=1$. We define the sequence $a_0, a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n, \ldots$ that starts with an arbitrary nonzero integer $a_0$ and satisfies $a_{n+1}=p(a_n)$ for all $n \in \mathbb N\cup \{0\}$. Prove that $\gcd(a_i,a_j)=1$ for all $i,j \in \mathbb N \cup \{0\}$.

Find all positive integers $n$ such that there exist non-constant polynomials with integer coefficients $f_1(x),...,f_n(x)$ (not necessarily distinct) and $g(x)$ such that $$1 + \prod_{k=1}^{n}\left(f^2_k(x)-1\right)=(x^2+2013)^2g^2(x)$$

If $x,y$ are real numbers with $x+y\geqslant 0$, determine the minimum value of the expression \[K=x^5+y^5-x^4y-xy^4+x^2+4x+7\] For which values of $x,y$ does $K$ take its minimum value?

Let $n \ge 2$ be an integer. Consider the system of equations \begin{align} x_1+\frac{2}{x_2}=x_2+\frac{2}{x_3}=\dots=x_n+\frac{2}{x_1} \end{align} 1. Prove that $(1)$ has infinitely many real solutions $(x_1,\dotsc,x_n)$ such that the numbers $x_1,\dotsc,x_n$ are distinct. 2. Prove that every solution of $(1)$, such that the numbers $x_1,\dotsc,x_n$ are not all equal, satisfies $\vert x_1x_2\cdots x_n\vert=2^{n/2}$.

Let $n\geqslant 3$ be an integer. Prove that there exists a set $S$ of $2n$ positive integers satisfying the following property: For every $m=2,3,...,n$ the set $S$ can be partitioned into two subsets with equal sums of elements, with one of subsets of cardinality $m$.

Let ${a_n}$ be a sequence defined by $a_1=2$, $a_{n+1}=\left[ \frac {3a_n}{2}\right]$ $\forall n \in \mathbb N$ $0.a_1a_2...$ rational or irrational?

Let $f(x) = \frac{x^2}8$. Starting at the point $(7,3)$, what is the length of the shortest path that touches the graph of $f$, and then the $x$-axis? [i]Proposed by Sam Delatore[/i]

Let $p$ be a real number and $c\neq 0$ such that \[c-0.1<x^p\left(\dfrac{1-(1+x)^{10}}{1+(1+x)^{10}}\right)<c+0.1\] for all (positive) real numbers $x$ with $0<x<10^{-100}$. (The exact value $10^{-100}$ is not important. You could replace it with any "sufficiently small number".) Find the ordered pair $(p,c)$.

Let $a_1,a_2,\ldots a_n,k$, and $M$ be positive integers such that $$\frac{1}{a_1}+\frac{1}{a_2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{a_n}=k\quad\text{and}\quad a_1a_2\cdots a_n=M.$$ If $M>1$, prove that the polynomial $$P(x)=M(x+1)^k-(x+a_1)(x+a_2)\cdots (x+a_n)$$ has no positive roots.

Find all triples of positive integers \( a, b, c \) that satisfy the equation: \[ a + \frac{1}{b + \frac{1}{c}} = 20.25. \]

[b]p1.[/b] What is $7\%$ of one half of $11\%$ of $20000$ ? [b]p2.[/b] Three circles centered at $A, B$, and $C$ are tangent to each other. Given that $AB = 8$, $AC = 10$, and $BC = 12$, find the radius of circle $ A$. [b]p3. [/b]How many positive integer values of $x$ less than $2012$ are there such that there exists an integer $y$ for which $\frac{1}{x} +\frac{2}{2y+1} =\frac{1}{y}$ ? [b]p4. [/b]The positive difference between $ 8$ and twice $x$ is equal to $11$ more than $x$. What are all possible values of $x$? [b]p5.[/b] A region in the coordinate plane is bounded by the equations $x = 0$, $x = 6$, $y = 0$, and $y = 8$. A line through $(3, 4)$ with slope $4$ cuts the region in half. Another line going through the same point cuts the region into fourths, each with the same area. What is the slope of this line? [b]p6.[/b] A polygon is composed of only angles of degrees $138$ and $150$, with at least one angle of each degree. How many sides does the polygon have? [b]p7.[/b] $M, A, T, H$, and $L$ are all not necessarily distinct digits, with $M \ne 0$ and $L \ne 0$. Given that the sum $MATH +LMT$, where each letter represents a digit, equals $2012$, what is the average of all possible values of the three-digit integer $LMT$? [b]p8. [/b]A square with side length $\sqrt{10}$ and two squares with side length $\sqrt{7}$ share the same center. The smaller squares are rotated so that all of their vertices are touching the sides of the larger square at distinct points. What is the distance between two such points that are on the same side of the larger square? [b]p9.[/b] Consider the sequence $2012, 12012, 20120, 20121, ...$. This sequence is the increasing sequence of all integers that contain “$2012$”. What is the $30$th term in this sequence? [b]p10.[/b] What is the coefficient of the $x^5$ term in the simplified expansion of $(x +\sqrt{x} +\sqrt[3]{x})^{10}$ ? PS. You had better use hide for answers.

Let $x, y$, and $z$ be three not necessarily real numbers that satisfy the following system of equations: $x^3 -4 = (2y +1)^2$ $y^3 -4 = (2z +1)^2$ $z^3 -4 = (2x +1)^2$. Find the greatest possible real value of $(x -1)(y -1)(z -1)$.

Find all functions $f:\mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ such that for all positive integers $n$, there exists an unique positive integer $k$, satisfying $f^k(n)\leq n+k+1$.

Let $a,b$ and $c$ be positive real numbers such that $a^5+b^5+c^5=ab^2+bc^2+ca^2$. Prove the inequality: $$\frac{a^2+b^2}{b}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{c}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{a}\geq 2(ab+bc+ca).$$