Suppose that $a, b, c$, and p are positive integers such that $p$ is a prime number and $$a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = ab + bc + ca + 2021p$$. Compute the least possible value of $\max \,(a, b, c)$.

Let $f$ be a real-valued function defined for all real numbers, such that for some $a>0$ we have \[ f(x+a)={1\over2}+\sqrt{f(x)-f(x)^2} \] for all $x$. Prove that $f$ is periodic, and give an example of such a non-constant $f$ for $a=1$.

Find all real values of $K$ which satisfies the following. Let there be a sequence of real numbers $\{a_n\}$ which satisfies the following for all positive integers $n$. (i). $0 < a_n < n^K$. (ii). $a_1 + a_2 + \cdots + a_n < \sqrt{n}$. Then, there exists a positive integer $N$ such that for all integers $n>N$, $$a^{2018}_1 + a^{2018}_2 + \cdots +a^{2018}_n < \frac{n}{2018}$$

Let $a$, $b$, $c$ be positive real numbers such that $\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2} = \frac{27}{4}.$ Show that: $$\frac{a^3+b^2}{a^2+b^2} + \frac{b^3+c^2}{b^2+c^2} + \frac{c^3+a^2}{c^2+a^2} \geq \frac{5}{2}.$$ [i]Authored by Nikola Velov[/i]

The sequence $(s_n)$, where $s_n= \sum_{k=1}^n \sin k$ for $n = 1, 2,\dots$ is bounded. Find an upper and lower bound.

$21$ numbers are written in a row. $u,v,w$ are three consecutive numbers so $v=\frac{2uw}{u+w}$ . The first number is $\frac{1}{100}$ , the last one is $\frac{1}{101}$ . Find the $15$th number.

Function ${{f\colon \mathbb[0, +\infty)}\to\mathbb[0, +\infty)}$ satisfies the condition $f(x)+f(y){\ge}2f(x+y)$ for all $x,y{\ge}0$. Prove that $f(x)+f(y)+f(z){\ge}3f(x+y+z)$ for all $x,y,z{\ge}0$. Mathematical induction? __________________________________ Azerbaijan Land of the Fire :lol:

Let $f$ be a function defined from $((x,y) : x,y$ real, $xy\ne 0)$ to the set of all positive real numbers such that $ (i) f(xy,z)= f(x,z)\cdot f(y,z)$ for all $x,y \ne 0$ $ (ii) f(x,yz)= f(x,y)\cdot f(x,z)$ for all $x,y \ne 0$ $ (iii) f(x,1-x) = 1 $ for all $x \ne 0,1$ Prove that $ (a) f(x,x) = f(x,-x) = 1$ for all $x \ne 0$ $(b) f(x,y)\cdot f(y,x) = 1 $ for all $x,y \ne 0$ The condition (ii) was left out in the paper leading to an incomplete problem during contest.

Do there exist two polynomials with integer coefficients such that each polynomial has a coefficient with an absolute value exceeding $2015$ but all coefficients of their product have absolute values not exceeding $1$? [i]($10$ points)[/i]

From the digits $1$, $2$, $3$, $4$, $5$, $6$, $7$, $8$, $9$ all possible four-digit numbers with different digits are formed. Find the sum of these numbers.

Let $\nu$ be an irrational positive number, and let $m$ be a positive integer. A pair of $(a,b)$ of positive integers is called [i]good[/i] if \[a \left \lceil b\nu \right \rceil - b \left \lfloor a \nu \right \rfloor = m.\] A good pair $(a,b)$ is called [i]excellent[/i] if neither of the pair $(a-b,b)$ and $(a,b-a)$ is good. Prove that the number of excellent pairs is equal to the sum of the positive divisors of $m$.

Let $P(X)$ be a nonconstant polynomial with real coefficients such that for every rational number $q{}$ the equation $P(X)=q$ has no irrational solutions. Show that $P(X)$ is a first degree polynomial.

Let $P(x) = x^{2022} + x^{1011} + 1$. Which of the following polynomials divides $P(x)$? $\textbf{(A)}~x^2 - x + 1\qquad\textbf{(B)}~x^2 + x + 1\qquad\textbf{(C)}~x^4 + 1\qquad\textbf{(D)}~x^6 - x^3 + 1\qquad\textbf{(E)}~x^6 + x^3 + 1$

Solve in the positive real numbers the following system. $$ \left\{\begin{matrix} x^y=2^3\\y^z=3^4\\z^x=2^4 \end{matrix}\right. $$ [i]Aurel Ene[/i]

For real numbers $x,y, \in [1,2]$, prove the inequality $3(x + y)\ge 2xy + 4$

Let be three positive real numbers $ a,b,c. $ Show that the function $ f:\mathbb{R}\longrightarrow\mathbb{R} , $ $$ f(x)=\frac{a^x}{b^x+c^x} +\frac{b^x}{a^x+c^x} +\frac{c^x}{a^x+b^x} , $$ is nondecresing on the interval $ \left[ 0,\infty \right) $ and nonincreasing on the interval $ \left( -\infty ,0 \right] . $

Let $ a,b,c$ be non-zero real numbers satisfying \[ \dfrac{1}{a}\plus{}\dfrac{1}{b}\plus{}\dfrac{1}{c}\equal{}\dfrac{1}{a\plus{}b\plus{}c}.\] Find all integers $ n$ such that \[ \dfrac{1}{a^n}\plus{}\dfrac{1}{b^n}\plus{}\dfrac{1}{c^n}\equal{}\dfrac{1}{a^n\plus{}b^n\plus{}c^n}.\]

The sequence $ a_n$ satisfies $ a_{m\plus{}n}\plus{} a_{m\minus{}n}\equal{}\frac12(a_{2m}\plus{}a_{2n})$ for all $ m\geq n\geq 0$. If $ a_1\equal{}1$, find $ a_{1995}$.

[b]p1.[/b] Suppose that $20\%$ of a number is $17$. Find $20\%$ of $17\%$ of the number. [b]p2.[/b] Let $A, B, C, D$ represent the numbers $1$ through $4$ in some order, with $A \ne 1$. Find the maximum possible value of $\frac{\log_A B}{C +D}$. Here, $\log_A B$ is the unique real number $X$ such that $A^X = B$. [b]p3. [/b]There are six points in a plane, no four of which are collinear. A line is formed connecting every pair of points. Find the smallest possible number of distinct lines formed. [b]p4.[/b] Let $a,b,c$ be real numbers which satisfy $$\frac{2017}{a}= a(b +c), \frac{2017}{b}= b(a +c), \frac{2017}{c}= c(a +b).$$ Find the sum of all possible values of $abc$. [b]p5.[/b] Let $a$ and $b$ be complex numbers such that $ab + a +b = (a +b +1)(a +b +3)$. Find all possible values of $\frac{a+1}{b+1}$. [b]p6.[/b] Let $\vartriangle ABC$ be a triangle. Let $X,Y,Z$ be points on lines $BC$, $CA$, and $AB$, respectively, such that $X$ lies on segment $BC$, $B$ lies on segment $AY$ , and $C$ lies on segment $AZ$. Suppose that the circumcircle of $\vartriangle XYZ$ is tangent to lines $AB$, $BC$, and $CA$ with center $I_A$. If $AB = 20$ and $I_AC = AC = 17$ then compute the length of segment $BC$. [b]p7. [/b]An ant makes $4034$ moves on a coordinate plane, beginning at the point $(0, 0)$ and ending at $(2017, 2017)$. Each move consists of moving one unit in a direction parallel to one of the axes. Suppose that the ant stays within the region $|x - y| \le 2$. Let N be the number of paths the ant can take. Find the remainder when $N$ is divided by $1000$. [b]p8.[/b] A $10$ digit positive integer $\overline{a_9a_8a_7...a_1a_0}$ with $a_9$ nonzero is called [i]deceptive [/i] if there exist distinct indices $i > j$ such that $\overline{a_i a_j} = 37$. Find the number of deceptive positive integers. [b]p9.[/b] A circle passing through the points $(2, 0)$ and $(1, 7)$ is tangent to the $y$-axis at $(0, r )$. Find all possible values of $ r$. [b]p10.[/b] An ellipse with major and minor axes $20$ and $17$, respectively, is inscribed in a square whose diagonals coincide with the axes of the ellipse. Find the area of the square. PS. You had better use hide for answers.

Find all the functions $f : \mathbb R^+ \to \mathbb R$ satisfying the identity \[f(x)f(y)=y^{\alpha}f\left(\frac x2 \right) + x^{\beta} f\left(\frac y2 \right) \qquad \forall x,y \in \mathbb R^+\] Where $\alpha,\beta$ are given real numbers.

In the set of real numbers solve the system of equations $x^4+y^2+4=5yz$ $y^4+z^2+4=5zx$ $z^4+x^2+4=5xy$

Let $x_1, x_2,... x_n$ be positive numbers such that $S = x_1+x_2+...+x_n =\frac{1}{x_1}+...+\frac{1}{x_n}$ Prove that $$\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1}{n - 1 + x_i} \ge \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1}{1+S - x_i}$$

Consider a polynomial $P(x) = \prod^9_{j=1}(x+d_j),$ where $d_1, d_2, \ldots d_9$ are nine distinct integers. Prove that there exists an integer $N,$ such that for all integers $x \geq N$ the number $P(x)$ is divisible by a prime number greater than 20. [i]Proposed by Luxembourg[/i]

Find all $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ that satisfies $f(0)=0,f(1)=2013$ and \[(x-y)(f(f^2(x))-f(f^2(y)))=(f(x)-f(y))(f^2(x)-f^2(y))\] Note: $f^2(x)=(f(x))^2$

Let $t$ and $n$ be fixed integers each at least $2$. Find the largest positive integer $m$ for which there exists a polynomial $P$, of degree $n$ and with rational coefficients, such that the following property holds: exactly one of \[ \frac{P(k)}{t^k} \text{ and } \frac{P(k)}{t^{k+1}} \] is an integer for each $k = 0,1, ..., m$. [i]Proposed by Michael Kural[/i]