Olympiad problems

1995 IMO, 1

Let $ A,B,C,D$ be four distinct points on a line, in that order. The circles with diameters $ AC$ and $ BD$ intersect at $ X$ and $ Y$. The line $ XY$ meets $ BC$ at $ Z$. Let $ P$ be a point on the line $ XY$ other than $ Z$. The line $ CP$ intersects the circle with diameter $ AC$ at $ C$ and $ M$, and the line $ BP$ intersects the circle with diameter $ BD$ at $ B$ and $ N$. Prove that the lines $ AM,DN,XY$ are concurrent.

1995 IMO Shortlist, 3

Tags: geometry , area of a triangle , combinatorial geometry , point set , IMO , imo 1995

Determine all integers $ n > 3$ for which there exist $ n$ points $ A_{1},\cdots ,A_{n}$ in the plane, no three collinear, and real numbers $ r_{1},\cdots ,r_{n}$ such that for $ 1\leq i < j < k\leq n$, the area of $ \triangle A_{i}A_{j}A_{k}$ is $ r_{i} \plus{} r_{j} \plus{} r_{k}$.

1995 IMO Shortlist, 3

Tags: induction , algebra , polynomial , Iteration , Sequence , IMO Shortlist , imo 1995

For an integer $x \geq 1$, let $p(x)$ be the least prime that does not divide $x$, and define $q(x)$ to be the product of all primes less than $p(x)$. In particular, $p(1) = 2.$ For $x$ having $p(x) = 2$, define $q(x) = 1$. Consider the sequence $x_0, x_1, x_2, \ldots$ defined by $x_0 = 1$ and \[ x_{n+1} = \frac{x_n p(x_n)}{q(x_n)} \] for $n \geq 0$. Find all $n$ such that $x_n = 1995$.

1995 IMO Shortlist, 6

Tags: modular arithmetic , number theory , counting , IMO , imo 1995 , Marcin Kuczma , prime

Let $ p$ be an odd prime number. How many $ p$-element subsets $ A$ of $ \{1,2,\dots,2p\}$ are there, the sum of whose elements is divisible by $ p$?

1995 IMO, 4

Tags: algebra , Sequence , maximization , maximum value , IMO , imo 1995 , Marcin Kuczma

Find the maximum value of $ x_{0}$ for which there exists a sequence $ x_{0},x_{1}\cdots ,x_{1995}$ of positive reals with $ x_{0} \equal{} x_{1995}$, such that \[ x_{i \minus{} 1} \plus{} \frac {2}{x_{i \minus{} 1}} \equal{} 2x_{i} \plus{} \frac {1}{x_{i}}, \] for all $ i \equal{} 1,\cdots ,1995$.

1995 IMO, 3

Tags: geometry , area of a triangle , combinatorial geometry , point set , IMO , imo 1995

Determine all integers $ n > 3$ for which there exist $ n$ points $ A_{1},\cdots ,A_{n}$ in the plane, no three collinear, and real numbers $ r_{1},\cdots ,r_{n}$ such that for $ 1\leq i < j < k\leq n$, the area of $ \triangle A_{i}A_{j}A_{k}$ is $ r_{i} \plus{} r_{j} \plus{} r_{k}$.

1995 IMO, 6

Tags: modular arithmetic , number theory , counting , IMO , imo 1995 , Marcin Kuczma , prime

Let $ p$ be an odd prime number. How many $ p$-element subsets $ A$ of $ \{1,2,\dots,2p\}$ are there, the sum of whose elements is divisible by $ p$?

1995 IMO Shortlist, 2

Tags: algebra , Sequence , maximization , maximum value , IMO , imo 1995 , Marcin Kuczma

Find the maximum value of $ x_{0}$ for which there exists a sequence $ x_{0},x_{1}\cdots ,x_{1995}$ of positive reals with $ x_{0} \equal{} x_{1995}$, such that \[ x_{i \minus{} 1} \plus{} \frac {2}{x_{i \minus{} 1}} \equal{} 2x_{i} \plus{} \frac {1}{x_{i}}, \] for all $ i \equal{} 1,\cdots ,1995$.

1995 IMO Shortlist, 1

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , concurrency , IMO , imo 1995

Let $ A,B,C,D$ be four distinct points on a line, in that order. The circles with diameters $ AC$ and $ BD$ intersect at $ X$ and $ Y$. The line $ XY$ meets $ BC$ at $ Z$. Let $ P$ be a point on the line $ XY$ other than $ Z$. The line $ CP$ intersects the circle with diameter $ AC$ at $ C$ and $ M$, and the line $ BP$ intersects the circle with diameter $ BD$ at $ B$ and $ N$. Prove that the lines $ AM,DN,XY$ are concurrent.

1995 IMO, 5

Tags: geometry , inequalities , hexagon , geometric inequality , IMO , imo 1995

Let $ ABCDEF$ be a convex hexagon with $ AB \equal{} BC \equal{} CD$ and $ DE \equal{} EF \equal{} FA$, such that $ \angle BCD \equal{} \angle EFA \equal{} \frac {\pi}{3}$. Suppose $ G$ and $ H$ are points in the interior of the hexagon such that $ \angle AGB \equal{} \angle DHE \equal{} \frac {2\pi}{3}$. Prove that $ AG \plus{} GB \plus{} GH \plus{} DH \plus{} HE \geq CF$.

1995 IMO Shortlist, 5

Tags: geometry , inequalities , hexagon , geometric inequality , IMO , imo 1995

Let $ ABCDEF$ be a convex hexagon with $ AB \equal{} BC \equal{} CD$ and $ DE \equal{} EF \equal{} FA$, such that $ \angle BCD \equal{} \angle EFA \equal{} \frac {\pi}{3}$. Suppose $ G$ and $ H$ are points in the interior of the hexagon such that $ \angle AGB \equal{} \angle DHE \equal{} \frac {2\pi}{3}$. Prove that $ AG \plus{} GB \plus{} GH \plus{} DH \plus{} HE \geq CF$.