Found problems: 913
Let Q+ and Z denote the set of positive rationals and the set of inte-
gers, respectively. Find all functions f : Q+ → Z satisfying the following
conditions:
(i) f(1999) = 1;
(ii) f(ab) = f(a) + f(b) for all a, b ∈ Q+;
(iii) f(a + b) ≥ min{f(a), f(b)} for all a, b ∈ Q+.
Fix a point $O$ in the plane and an integer $n\geq 3$. Consider a finite family $\mathcal{D}$ of closed unit discs in the plane such that:
(a) No disc in $\mathcal{D}$ contains the point $O$; and
(b) For each positive integer $k < n$, the closed disc of radius $k + 1$ centred at $O$ contains the centres of at least $k$ discs in $\mathcal{D}$.
Show that some line through $O$ stabs at least $\frac{2}{\pi} \log \frac{n+1}{2}$ discs in $\mathcal{D}$.
Let $S$ be the sum of the base 10 logarithms of all the proper divisors of 1000000. What is the integer nearest to $S$?
Let $X$ be a non empty subset of $\mathbb{N} = \{1,2,\ldots \}$. Suppose that for all $x \in X$, $4x \in X$ and $\lfloor \sqrt{x} \rfloor \in X$. Prove that $X=\mathbb{N}$.
There are $ n$ websites $ 1,2,\ldots,n$ ($ n \geq 2$). If there is a link from website $ i$ to $ j$, we can use this link so we can move website $ i$ to $ j$.
For all $ i \in \left\{1,2,\ldots,n - 1 \right\}$, there is a link from website $ i$ to $ i+1$.
Prove that we can add less or equal than $ 3(n - 1)\log_{2}(\log_{2} n)$ links so that for all integers $ 1 \leq i < j \leq n$, starting with website $ i$, and using at most three links to website $ j$. (If we use a link, website's number should increase. For example, No.7 to 4 is impossible).
Sorry for my bad English.
a)Prove that $\ln(1+x)\le x,\ (\forall)x\ge 0$.
b)Let $a>0$. Prove that:
\[\lim_{n\to \infty} n\int_0^1\frac{x^n}{a+x^n}dx=\ln \frac{a+1}{a}\]
[i]***[/i]
([b]4[/b]) Find all $ y > 1$ satisfying $ \int^y_1x\ln x\ dx \equal{} \frac {1}{4}$.
(i) Solve the simultaneous inequalities, $x<\frac{1}{4x}$ and $x<0$; i.e. find a single inequality equivalent to the two simultaneous inequalities.
(ii) What is the greatest integer that satisfies both inequalities $4x+13 < 0$ and $x^{2}+3x > 16$.
(iii) Give a rational number between $11/24$ and $6/13$.
(iv) Express 100000 as a product of two integers neither of which is an integral multiple of 10.
(v) Without the use of logarithm tables evaluate \[\frac{1}{\log_{2}36}+\frac{1}{\log_{3}36}.\]
Evaluate the integral $\int_0^{\infty} \frac{\log(x+2)}{x^2+3x+2}\mathrm{d}x$.
A non-zero digit is chosen in such a way that the probability of choosing digit $ d$ is $ \log_{10}(d\plus{}1) \minus{} \log_{10} d$. The probability that the digit $ 2$ is chosen is exactly $ \frac12$ the probability that the digit chosen is in the set
$ \textbf{(A)}\ \{2,3\} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \{3,4\} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \{4,5,6,7,8\} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \{5,6,7,8,9\} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \{4,5,6,7,8,9\}$
Let $ n$ be a positive integer. Prove that $ x^ne^{1\minus{}x}\leq n!$ for $ x\geq 0$,
Let $a, b, c$ be positive reals, and let $\sqrt[2013]{\frac{3}{a^{2013}+b^{2013}+c^{2013}}}=P$. Prove that
\[\prod_{\text{cyc}}\left(\frac{(2P+\frac{1}{2a+b})(2P+\frac{1}{a+2b})}{(2P+\frac{1}{a+b+c})^2}\right)\ge \prod_{\text{cyc}}\left(\frac{(P+\frac{1}{4a+b+c})(P+\frac{1}{3b+3c})}{(P+\frac{1}{3a+2b+c})(P+\frac{1}{3a+b+2c})}\right).\][i]Proposed by David Stoner[/i]
Find the minimum value of $ \int_0^1 |e^{ \minus{} x} \minus{} a|dx\ ( \minus{} \infty < a < \infty)$.
Find the value of $\frac{\log_59\log_75\log_37}{\log_2\sqrt{6}}+\frac{1}{\log_9\sqrt{6}}$
$ \textbf{(A) }2\qquad\textbf{(B) }3\qquad\textbf{(C) }4\qquad\textbf{(D) }6\qquad\textbf{(E) }7 $
For every positive integer $ n$, let $ \phi(n)$ denotes the number of positive integers less than $ n$ that is relatively prime to $ n$ and $ \tau(n)$ denote the sum of all positive divisors of $ n$. Let $ n$ be a positive integer such that $ \phi(n)|n\minus{}1$ and that $ n$ is not a prime number. Prove that $ \tau(n)>2009$.
Let $ f(x)\equal{}\sum_{n\equal{}1}^{\infty} a_n/(x\plus{}n^2), \;(x \geq 0)\ ,$ where $ \sum_{n\equal{}1}^{\infty} |a_n|n^{\minus{} \alpha} < \infty$ for some $ \alpha > 2$. Let us assume that for some $ \beta > 1/{\alpha}$, we have $ f(x)\equal{}O(e^{\minus{}x^{\beta}})$ as $ x \rightarrow \infty$. Prove that $ a_n$ is identically $ 0$.
[i]G. Halasz[/i]
For $a>1$, let $f(a)=\frac{1}{2}\int_0^1 |ax^n-1|dx+\frac{1}{2}\ (n=1,2,\cdots)$ and let $b_n$ be the minimum value of $f(a)$ at $a>1$.
Evaluate
\[\lim_{m\to\infty} b_m\cdot b_{m+1}\cdot \cdots\cdots b_{2m}\ (m=1,2,3,\cdots)\]
Compare $\tan(\sin x)$ with $\sin(\tan x)$, for $x\in \left]0,\frac{\pi}{2}\right[$.
Let $f(x)=1+\dfrac{x}{2}+\dfrac{x^2}{4}+\dfrac{x^3}{8}+\cdots,$ for $-1\leq x \leq 1$. Find $\sqrt{e^{\int\limits_0^1 f(x)dx}}$.
Is the set of positive integers $n$ such that $n!+1$ divides $(2012n)!$ finite or infinite?
[i]Proposed by Fedor Petrov, St. Petersburg State University.[/i]
Determine all real $x$ such that \[\sqrt{\tan(x)-1}\,\Bigl(\log_{\tan(x)}\bigl(2+4\cos^2(x)-2\bigr)\Bigr)\ge0.\]
Solve logarithmical equation $x^{\log _{3} {x-1}} + 2(x-1)^{\log _{3} {x}}=3x^2$
Evaluate
\[ \log_{10}(\tan 1^{\circ})+ \log_{10}(\tan 2^{\circ})+ \log_{10}(\tan 3^{\circ})+ \cdots + \log_{10}(\tan 88^{\circ})+\log_{10}(\tan 89^{\circ}). \]
$ \textbf{(A)}\ 0 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \frac{1}{2}\log_{10}(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{1}{2}\log_{10}2 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 1 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{none of these} $
Let $\{a_n\}_{n\geq 1}$ be a sequence of real numbers which satisfies the following relation:
\[a_{n+1}=10^n a_n^2\]
(a) Prove that if $a_1$ is small enough, then $\displaystyle\lim_{n\to\infty} a_n =0$.
(b) Find all possible values of $a_1\in \mathbb{R}$, $a_1\geq 0$, such that $\displaystyle\lim_{n\to\infty} a_n =0$.
suppose that $v(x)=\sum_{p\le x,p\in \mathbb P}log(p)$ (here $\mathbb P$ denotes the set of all positive prime numbers). prove that the two statements below are equivalent:
[b]a)[/b] $v(x) \sim x$ when $x \longrightarrow \infty$
[b]b)[/b] $\pi (x) \sim \frac{x}{ln(x)}$ when $x \longrightarrow \infty$. (here $\pi (x)$ is number of the prime numbers less than or equal to $x$).