This website contains problems from math contests. Problems and corresponding tags were obtained from the Art of Problem Solving website.

Tags were heavily modified to better represent problems.

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Found problems: 12

1973 IMO Shortlist, 10
Tags: Sequence , algebra , Inequality , construction , geometric sequence , IMO , IMO 1973
Let $a_1, \ldots, a_n$ be $n$ positive numbers and $0 < q < 1.$ Determine $n$ positive numbers $b_1, \ldots, b_n$ so that: [i]a.)[/i] $ a_{k} < b_{k}$ for all $k = 1, \ldots, n,$ [i]b.)[/i] $q < \frac{b_{k+1}}{b_{k}} < \frac{1}{q}$ for all $k = 1, \ldots, n-1,$ [i]c.)[/i] $\sum \limits^n_{k=1} b_k < \frac{1+q}{1-q} \cdot \sum \limits^n_{k=1} a_k.$

1973 IMO, 2
Tags: function , algebra , Fixed point , group theory , IMO , IMO 1973
$G$ is a set of non-constant functions $f$. Each $f$ is defined on the real line and has the form $f(x)=ax+b$ for some real $a,b$. If $f$ and $g$ are in $G$, then so is $fg$, where $fg$ is defined by $fg(x)=f(g(x))$. If $f$ is in $G$, then so is the inverse $f^{-1}$. If $f(x)=ax+b$, then $f^{-1}(x)= \frac{x-b}{a}$. Every $f$ in $G$ has a fixed point (in other words we can find $x_f$ such that $f(x_f)=x_f$. Prove that all the functions in $G$ have a common fixed point.

1973 IMO Shortlist, 17
Tags: function , algebra , Fixed point , group theory , IMO , IMO 1973
$G$ is a set of non-constant functions $f$. Each $f$ is defined on the real line and has the form $f(x)=ax+b$ for some real $a,b$. If $f$ and $g$ are in $G$, then so is $fg$, where $fg$ is defined by $fg(x)=f(g(x))$. If $f$ is in $G$, then so is the inverse $f^{-1}$. If $f(x)=ax+b$, then $f^{-1}(x)= \frac{x-b}{a}$. Every $f$ in $G$ has a fixed point (in other words we can find $x_f$ such that $f(x_f)=x_f$. Prove that all the functions in $G$ have a common fixed point.

1973 IMO, 2
Tags: combinatorics , point set , 3D geometry , straight lines , parallel , IMO , IMO 1973
Establish if there exists a finite set $M$ of points in space, not all situated in the same plane, so that for any straight line $d$ which contains at least two points from M there exists another straight line $d'$, parallel with $d,$ but distinct from $d$, which also contains at least two points from $M$.

1973 IMO Shortlist, 11
Tags: algebra , polynomial , roots , minimum value , IMO , IMO 1973 , coefficients
Determine the minimum value of $a^{2} + b^{2}$ when $(a,b)$ traverses all the pairs of real numbers for which the equation \[ x^{4} + ax^{3} + bx^{2} + ax + 1 = 0 \] has at least one real root.

1973 IMO, 3
Tags: algebra , polynomial , roots , minimum value , IMO , IMO 1973 , coefficients
Determine the minimum value of $a^{2} + b^{2}$ when $(a,b)$ traverses all the pairs of real numbers for which the equation \[ x^{4} + ax^{3} + bx^{2} + ax + 1 = 0 \] has at least one real root.

1973 IMO Shortlist, 3
Tags: vector , geometry , geometric inequality , inequalities , IMO , IMO 1973
Prove that the sum of an odd number of vectors of length 1, of common origin $O$ and all situated in the same semi-plane determined by a straight line which goes through $O,$ is at least 1.

1973 IMO, 1
Tags: geometry , triangle inequality , minimization , Triangle , optimization , IMO , IMO 1973
A soldier needs to check if there are any mines in the interior or on the sides of an equilateral triangle $ABC.$ His detector can detect a mine at a maximum distance equal to half the height of the triangle. The soldier leaves from one of the vertices of the triangle. Which is the minimum distance that he needs to traverse so that at the end of it he is sure that he completed successfully his mission?

1973 IMO, 1
Tags: vector , geometry , geometric inequality , inequalities , IMO , IMO 1973
Prove that the sum of an odd number of vectors of length 1, of common origin $O$ and all situated in the same semi-plane determined by a straight line which goes through $O,$ is at least 1.

1973 IMO Shortlist, 6
Tags: combinatorics , point set , 3D geometry , straight lines , parallel , IMO , IMO 1973
Establish if there exists a finite set $M$ of points in space, not all situated in the same plane, so that for any straight line $d$ which contains at least two points from M there exists another straight line $d'$, parallel with $d,$ but distinct from $d$, which also contains at least two points from $M$.

1973 IMO, 3
Tags: Sequence , algebra , Inequality , construction , geometric sequence , IMO , IMO 1973
Let $a_1, \ldots, a_n$ be $n$ positive numbers and $0 < q < 1.$ Determine $n$ positive numbers $b_1, \ldots, b_n$ so that: [i]a.)[/i] $ a_{k} < b_{k}$ for all $k = 1, \ldots, n,$ [i]b.)[/i] $q < \frac{b_{k+1}}{b_{k}} < \frac{1}{q}$ for all $k = 1, \ldots, n-1,$ [i]c.)[/i] $\sum \limits^n_{k=1} b_k < \frac{1+q}{1-q} \cdot \sum \limits^n_{k=1} a_k.$

1973 IMO Shortlist, 14
Tags: geometry , triangle inequality , minimization , Triangle , optimization , IMO , IMO 1973
A soldier needs to check if there are any mines in the interior or on the sides of an equilateral triangle $ABC.$ His detector can detect a mine at a maximum distance equal to half the height of the triangle. The soldier leaves from one of the vertices of the triangle. Which is the minimum distance that he needs to traverse so that at the end of it he is sure that he completed successfully his mission?