Sinclair starts with the number $1$. Every minute, he either squares his number or adds $1$ to his number, both with equal probability. What is the expected number of minutes until his number is divisible by $3$? [i]Proposed by Nathan Xiong[/i]

Let $ABC$ be an isosceles triangle with $AB=AC$ and let $\Gamma$ denote its circumcircle. A point $D$ is on arc $AB$ of $\Gamma$ not containing $C$. A point $E$ is on arc $AC$ of $\Gamma$ not containing $B$. If $AD=CE$ prove that $BE$ is parallel to $AD$.

Let $n\geq 3$ be an integer. Find the largest real number $M$ such that for any positive real numbers $x_1,x_2,\cdots,x_n$, there exists an arrangement $y_1,y_2,\cdots,y_n$ of real numbers satisfying \[\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{y_i^2}{y_{i+1}^2-y_{i+1}y_{i+2}+y_{i+2}^2}\geq M,\] where $y_{n+1}=y_1,y_{n+2}=y_2$.

Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral inscribed in circle $\omega$. Let $F_A, F_B, F_C$ and $F_D$ be the midpoints of arcs $AB, BC, CD$ and $DA$ of $\omega$. Let $I_A, I_B, I_C$ and $I_D$ be the incenters of triangles $DAB, ABC, BCD$ and $CDA$, respectively. Let $\omega_A$ denote the circle that is tangent to $\omega$ at $F_A$ and also tangent to line segment $CD$. Similarly, let $\omega_C$ denote the circle that is tangent to $\omega$ at $F_C$ and tangent to line segment $AB$. Finally, let $T_B$ denote the second intersection of $\omega$ and circle $F_BI_BI_C$ different from $F_B$, and let $T_D$ denote the second intersection of $\omega$ and circle $F_DI_DI_A$. Prove that the radical axis of circles $\omega_A$ and $\omega_C$ passes through points $T_B$ and $T_D$.

Determine, whether there exist a function $f$ defined on the set of all positive real numbers and taking positive values such that $f(x+y)\geqslant yf(x)+f(f(x))$ for all positive x and y?

Let $n \ge 3$ be an integer and $A$ be a subset of the real numbers of size n. Denote by $B$ the set of real numbers that are of the form $ x \cdot y$, where $x, y \in A$ and $x\ne y$. At most how many distinct positive primes could $B$ contain (depending on $n$)?

Determine the value of \[ \sup_{ 1 \leq \xi \leq 2} [\log E \xi\minus{}E \log \xi],\] where $ \xi$ is a random variable and $ E$ denotes expectation. [i]Z. Daroczy[/i]

Let $ABCD$ be inscribed in a circle $\omega$. Let the line parallel to the tangent to $\omega$ at $A$ and passing $D$ meet $\omega$ at $E$. $F$ is a point on $\omega$ such that lies on the different side of $E$ wrt $CD$. If $AE \cdot AD \cdot CF = BE \cdot BC \cdot DF$ and $\angle CFD = 2\angle AFB$, Show that the tangent to $\omega$ at $A, B$ and line $EF$ concur at one point. ($A$ and $E$ lies on the same side of $CD$)

Find the root that the following three polynomials have in common: \begin{align*} & x^3+41x^2-49x-2009 \\ & x^3 + 5x^2-49x-245 \\ & x^3 + 39x^2 - 117x - 1435\end{align*}

The reals $x, y$ satisfy $x(x-6)\leq y(4-y)+7$. Find the minimal and maximal values of the expression $x+2y$.

Let $ABCD$ be a regular tetrahedron with side length $2$. The plane parallel to edges $AB$ and $CD$ and lying halfway between them cuts $ABCD$ into two pieces. Find the surface area of one of these pieces.

In the figure, $ \angle EAB$ and $ \angle ABC$ are right angles. $ AB \equal{} 4, BC \equal{} 6, AE \equal{} 8$, and $ \overline{AC}$ and $ \overline{BE}$ intersect at $ D$. What is the difference between the areas of $ \triangle ADE$ and $ \triangle BDC$? [asy]unitsize(4mm); defaultpen(linewidth(.8pt)+fontsize(10pt)); pair A=(0,0), B=(4,0), C=(4,6), Ep=(0,8); pair D=extension(A,C,Ep,B); draw(A--C--B--A--Ep--B); label("$A$",A,SW); label("$B$",B,SE); label("$C$",C,N); label("$E$",Ep,N); label("$D$",D,2.5*N); label("$4$",midpoint(A--B),S); label("$6$",midpoint(B--C),E); label("$8$",(0,3),W);[/asy]$ \textbf{(A)}\ 2\qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 4\qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 5\qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 8\qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 9$

Let $\mathbb{N}$ denote the set of positive integers. Find all functions $f:\mathbb{N}\longrightarrow\mathbb{N}$ such that \[n+f(m)\mid f(n)+nf(m)\] for all $m,n\in \mathbb{N}$ [i]Proposed by Dorlir Ahmeti, Albania[/i]

In the $n \times n$ table in every cell there is one child. Every child looks in neigbour cell. So every child sees ear or back of the head of neighbour. What is minimal number children, that see ear ?

Prove that there are infinitely many positive integers $n$ such that $n^2$ written in base $4$ contains only digits $1$ and $2$.

Does exist polynoms of one variable that are irreducible over the field of integers, have degree $ 60 $ and have multiples of the form $ X^n-1? $ If so, how many of them?

Mientka Publishing Company prices its bestseller [i]Where's Walter?[/i] as follows: \[C(n) \equal{} \begin{cases} 12n, &\text{if } 1 \le n \le 24\\ 11n, &\text{if } 25 \le n \le 48\\ 10n, &\text{if } 49 \le n \end{cases}\] where $ n$ is the number of books ordered, and $ C(n)$ is the cost in dollars of $ n$ books. Notice that $ 25$ books cost less than $ 24$ books. For how many values of $ n$ is it cheaper to buy more than $ n$ books than to buy exactly $ n$ books? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 3\qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 4\qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 5\qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 6\qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 8$

Points $A$, $B$, and $C$ lie on a circle $\Omega$ such that $A$ and $C$ are diametrically opposite each other. A line $\ell$ tangent to the incircle of $\triangle ABC$ at $T$ intersects $\Omega$ at points $X$ and $Y$. Suppose that $AB=30$, $BC=40$, and $XY=48$. Compute $TX\cdot TY$.

Let $\mathbb{R}$ be the set of real numbers. Determine all functions $f: \mathbb{R}\longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$ so that the equality $$f(x+yf(x+y)) +xf(x)= f(xf(x+y+1))+y^2$$ is true for any real numbers $x,y$.

Each of the six boxes $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_3$, $B_4$, $B_5$, $B_6$ initially contains one coin. The following operations are allowed Type 1) Choose a non-empty box $B_j$, $1\leq j \leq 5$, remove one coin from $B_j$ and add two coins to $B_{j+1}$; Type 2) Choose a non-empty box $B_k$, $1\leq k \leq 4$, remove one coin from $B_k$ and swap the contents (maybe empty) of the boxes $B_{k+1}$ and $B_{k+2}$. Determine if there exists a finite sequence of operations of the allowed types, such that the five boxes $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_3$, $B_4$, $B_5$ become empty, while box $B_6$ contains exactly $2010^{2010^{2010}}$ coins. [i]Proposed by Hans Zantema, Netherlands[/i]

Let $ S $ be a set of $ n $ concentric circles in the plane. Prove that if a function $ f: S\to S $ satisfies the property \[ d( f(A),f(B)) \geq d(A,B) \] for all $ A,B \in S $, then $ d(f(A),f(B)) = d(A,B) $, where $ d $ is the euclidean distance function.

Given a triangle $\vartriangle ABC$,construct squares $BAQP$ and $ACRS$ outside the triangle $ABC$ (with vertices in that listed in counterclockwise order).Show that the line from $A$ perpendicular to $BC$ passes through the midpoint of the segment $QS$.

In the land of Binary , the unit of currency is called Ben and currency notes are available in denominations $1,2,2^2,2^3,..$ Bens. The rules of the Government of Binary stipulate that one can not use more than two notes of any one denomination in any transaction. For example, one can give change for $2$ Bens in two ways : $2$ one Ben notes or $1$ two Ben note. For $5$ Ben one can given $1$ one Ben and $1$ four Ben note or $1$ Ben note and $2$ two Ben notes. Using $5$ one Ben notes or $3$ one Ben notes and $1$ two Ben notes for a $5$ Ben transaction is prohibited. Find the number of ways in which one can give a change $100$ Bens following the rules of the Government.

Given are positive integers $ n>1$ and $ a$ so that $ a>n^2$, and among the integers $ a\plus{}1, a\plus{}2, \ldots, a\plus{}n$ one can find a multiple of each of the numbers $ n^2\plus{}1, n^2\plus{}2, \ldots, n^2\plus{}n$. Prove that $ a>n^4\minus{}n^3$.

What is the least positive integer $k$ satisfying that $n+k\in S$ for every $n\in S$ where $S=\{n : n3^n + (2n+1)5^n \equiv 0 \pmod 7\}$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 6 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 7 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 14 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 21 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 42 $