Olympiad problems

2019 Serbia Team Selection Test, P1

Tags: number theory

a) Given $2019$ different integers wich have no odd prime divisor less than $37$, prove there exists two of these numbers such that their sum has no odd prime divisor less than $37$. b)Does the result hold if we change $37$ to $38$ ?

2015 CCA Math Bonanza, L1.1

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What is the value of $(2^{-1})^{-2}$? [i]2015 CCA Math Bonanza Lightning Round #1.1[/i]

2005 AMC 10, 25

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A subset $ B$ of the set of integers from $ 1$ to $ 100$, inclusive, has the property that no two elements of $ B$ sum to $ 125$. What is the maximum possible number of elements in $ B$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 50\qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 51\qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 62\qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 65\qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 68$

2013 Korea - Final Round, 2

Tags: function , induction , algebra proposed , algebra

Find all functions $ f : \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ satisfying following conditions. (a) $ f(x) \ge 0 $ for all $ x \in \mathbb{R} $. (b) For $ a, b, c, d \in \mathbb{R} $ with $ ab + bc + cd = 0 $, equality $ f(a-b) + f(c-d) = f(a) + f(b+c) + f(d) $ holds.

2002 Portugal MO, 2

Tags: geometry , 3D geometry , sphere

Consider five spheres with radius $10$ cm . Four of these spheres are arranged on a horizontal table so that its centers form a $20$ cm square and the fifth sphere is placed on them so that it touches the other four. What is the distance between center of this fifth sphere and the table?

2007 JBMO Shortlist, 3

Tags: geometry , JBMO

Let the inscribed circle of the triangle $\vartriangle ABC$ touch side $BC$ at $M$ , side $CA$ at $N$ and side $AB$ at $P$ . Let $D$ be a point from $\left[ NP \right]$ such that $\frac{DP}{DN}=\frac{BD}{CD}$ . Show that $DM \perp PN$ .

2024 IFYM, Sozopol, 2

Tags: inequalities , algebra

For arbitrary real numbers $ x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n $, prove that \[ \left(\max_{1\leq i \leq n}x_i \right)^2 + 4\sum_{i=1}^{n-1}\left(\max_{1\leq j \leq i}x_j\right)\left(x_{i+1}-x_i\right) \leq 4x_n^2. \]

2010 Tuymaada Olympiad, 3

Tags: combinatorics unsolved , combinatorics

Arranged in a circle are $2010$ digits, each of them equal to $1$, $2$, or $3$. For each positive integer $k$, it's known that in any block of $3k$ consecutive digits, each of the digits appears at most $k+10$ times. Prove that there is a block of several consecutive digits with the same number of $1$s, $2$s, and $3$s.

2003 Oral Moscow Geometry Olympiad, 3

Tags: geometry , equal segments , equal angles , Concyclic

Inside the segment $AC$, an arbitrary point $B$ is selected and circles with diameters $AB$ and $BC$ are constructed. Points $M$ and $L$ are chosen on the circles (in one half-plane with respect to $AC$), respectively, so that $\angle MBA = \angle LBC$. Points $K$ and $F$ are marked, respectively, on rays $BM$ and $BL$ so that $BK = BC$ and $BF = AB$. Prove that points $M, K, F$ and $L$ lie on the same circle.

2020 MIG, 5

Tags: 2020 Individual

What is the side length, in meters, of a square with area $49 \text{ m}^2$? $\textbf{(A) }3\qquad\textbf{(B) }4\qquad\textbf{(C) }5\qquad\textbf{(D) }6\qquad\textbf{(E) }7$

2021 JBMO Shortlist, C5

Tags: combinatorics , JBMO , JBMO Shortlist

Let $M$ be a subset of the set of $2021$ integers $\{1, 2, 3, ..., 2021\}$ such that for any three elements (not necessarily distinct) $a, b, c$ of $M$ we have $|a + b - c | > 10$. Determine the largest possible number of elements of $M$.

2001 Korea Junior Math Olympiad, 4

Tags: combinatorics , graph theory

Some $n \geq 3$ cities are connected with railways, so that you can travel from one city to every other, not necessarily directly. However, the railways are structured in such a way that there is only one way to get from one city to another, assuming you don't pass through the same city again. Let $A$ be the set of these cities and railways. Show that there exists a Subset of $A$, let's say $C$, such that (1) $C$ has at least $[(n+1)/2]$ cities as its element. (2) No two elements of $C$ are directly connected with railways.

Oliforum Contest II 2009, 1

Tags: function , modular arithmetic , number theory , prime factorization , number theory proposed

Let $ \sigma(\cdot): \mathbb{N}_0 \to \mathbb{N}_0$ be the function from every positive integer $ n$ to the sum of divisors $ \sum_{d \mid n}{d}$ (i.e. $ \sigma(6) \equal{} 6 \plus{} 3 \plus{} 2 \plus{} 1$ and $ \sigma(8) \equal{} 8 \plus{} 4 \plus{} 2 \plus{} 1$). Find all primes $ p$ such that $ p \mid \sigma(p \minus{} 1)$. [i](Salvatore Tringali)[/i]

2018 JBMO Shortlist, NT4

Tags: number theory

Prove that there exist infinitely many positive integers $n$ such that $\frac{4^n+2^n+1}{n^2+n+1}$ is a positive integer.

2020 HMNT (HMMO), 3

Tags: geometry

Let $A$ be the area of the largest semicircle that can be inscribed in a quarter-circle of radius $ 1$. Compute$ \frac{120A}{\pi}$. .

Kvant 2020, M2614

Tags: combinatorics , board , Kvant

In an $n\times n$ table, it is allowed to rearrange rows, as well as rearrange columns. Asterisks are placed in some $k{}$ cells of the table. What maximum $k{}$ for which it is always possible to ensure that all the asterisks are on the same side of the main diagonal (and that there are no asterisks on the main diagonal itself)? [i]Proposed by P. Kozhevnikov[/i]

2004 Federal Competition For Advanced Students, Part 1, 4

Tags: calculus , integration , algebra unsolved , algebra

Each of the $2N = 2004$ real numbers $x_1, x_2, \ldots , x_{2004}$ equals either $\sqrt 2 -1 $ or $\sqrt 2 +1$. Can the sum $\sum_{k=1}^N x_{2k-1}x_2k$ take the value $2004$? Which integral values can this sum take?

PEN A Problems, 107

Tags: logarithms , inequalities , rearrangement inequality , Divisibility Theory

Find four positive integers, each not exceeding $70000$ and each having more than $100$ divisors.

OMMC POTM, 2021 12

Tags: algebra , polynomial , ommc

Let $r,s,t$ be the roots of $x^3+6x^2+7x+8$. Find $$(r^2+s+t)(s^2+t+r)(t^2+r+s).$$ [i]Proposed by Evan Chang (squareman), USA[/i]

2001 Finnish National High School Mathematics Competition, 4

Tags: probability , combinatorics unsolved , combinatorics

A sequence of seven digits is randomly chosen in a weekly lottery. Every digit can be any of the digits $0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.$ What is the probability of having at most five different digits in the sequence?

2005 Portugal MO, 5

Tags: geometry , tangential , cyclic quadrilateral

Considers a quadrilateral $[ABCD]$ that has an inscribed circle and a circumscribed circle. The sides $[AD]$ and $[BC]$ are tangent to the circle inscribed at points $E$ and $F$, respectively. Prove that $AE \cdot F C = BF \cdot ED$. [img]https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6o1fFTdZ69E/X4XMo98ndAI/AAAAAAAAMno/7FXiJnWzJgcfSn-qSRoEAFyE8VgxmeBjwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/2005%2BPortugal%2Bp5.png[/img]

2021 Purple Comet Problems, 14

Tags: Purple Comet

Each of the cells of a $7 \times 7$ grid is painted with a color chosen randomly and independently from a set of $N$ fixed colors. Call an edge hidden if it is shared by two adjacent cells in the grid that are painted the same color. Determine the least $N$ such that the expected number of hidden edges is less than $3$.

2021 AMC 12/AHSME Spring, 18

Tags: AMC 10 A , function , 2021 AMC 10A , probs , AUKAAT

Let $f$ be a function defined on the set of positive rational numbers with the property that $f(a\cdot b)=f(a)+f(b)$ for all positive rational numbers $a$ and $b$. Suppose that $f$ also has the property that $f(p)=p$ for every prime number $p$. For which of the following numbers $x$ is $f(x)<0?$ $\textbf{(A) } \frac{17}{32} \qquad \textbf{(B) } \frac{11}{16} \qquad \textbf{(C) } \frac{7}{9} \qquad \textbf{(D) } \frac{7}{6} \qquad \textbf{(E) } \frac{25}{11}$

2022 Azerbaijan IMO TST, 3

Tags: geometry , AZE IMO TST

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with circumcircle $\omega$ and $D$ be any point on $\omega.$ Suppose that $P$ is the midpoint of chord $AD$ and points $X, Y$ are chosen on lines $AC, AB$ such that reflections of $B, C$ with respect to $AD$ lie on $XP, YP,$ respectively. If the circumcircle of triangle $AXY$ intersects $\omega$ at $I$ for the second time, prove that $\angle PID$ equals the angle formed by lines $AD$ and $BC.$ [i]Proposed by tenplusten.[/i]

2009 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 21

Tags: geometry , parallelogram , geometry proposed

The opposite sidelines of quadrilateral $ ABCD$ intersect at points $ P$ and $ Q$. Two lines passing through these points meet the side of $ ABCD$ in four points which are the vertices of a parallelogram. Prove that the center of this parallelogram lies on the line passing through the midpoints of diagonals of $ ABCD$.