Found problems: 85335
PEN E Problems, 31
Suppose $n$ and $r$ are nonnegative integers such that no number of the form $n^2+r-k(k+1) \text{ }(k\in\mathbb{N})$ equals to $-1$ or a positive composite number. Show that $4n^2+4r+1$ is $1$, $9$, or prime.
2015 ITAMO, 2
A music streaming service proposes songs classified in $10$ musical genres, so that each song belong to one and only one gender. The songs are played one after the other: the first $17$ are chosen by the user, but starting from the eighteenth the service automatically determines which song to play. Elisabetta has noticed that, if one makes the classification of which genres they appear several times during the last $17$ songs played, the new song always belongs to the genre at the top of the ranking or, in case of same merit, at one of the first genres.
Prove that, however, the first $17$ tracks are chosen, from a certain point onwards the songs proposed are
all of the same kind.
2015 Online Math Open Problems, 16
Given a (nondegenrate) triangle $ABC$ with positive integer angles (in degrees), construct squares $BCD_1D_2, ACE_1E_2$ outside the triangle. Given that $D_1, D_2, E_1, E_2$ all lie on a circle, how many ordered triples $(\angle A, \angle B, \angle C)$ are possible?
[i]Proposed by Yang Liu[/i]
2010 Postal Coaching, 1
In a family there are four children of different ages, each age being a positive integer not less than $2$ and not greater than $16$. A year ago the square of the age of the eldest child was equal to the sum of the squares of the ages of the remaining children. One year from now the sum of the squares of the youngest and the oldest will be equal to the sum of the squares of the other two. How old is each child?
1999 French Mathematical Olympiad, Problem 1
What is the maximum possible volume of a cylinder inscribed in a cone and having the same axis of symmetry as the cone? What is the maximum possible volume of a ball inscribed in the cone with center on the axis of symmetry of the cone? Compare these three volumes.
2018 Caucasus Mathematical Olympiad, 1
Let $a$, $b$, $c$ be real numbers, not all of them are equal. Prove that $a+b+c=0$ if and only if $a^2+ab+b^2=b^2+bc+c^2=c^2+ca+a^2$.
2003 AMC 10, 19
Three semicircles of radius $ 1$ are constructed on diameter $ AB$ of a semicircle of radius $ 2$. The centers of the small semicircles divide $ \overline{AB}$ into four line segments of equal length, as shown. What is the area of the shaded region that lies within the large semicircle but outside the smaller semicircles?
[asy]import graph;
unitsize(14mm);
defaultpen(linewidth(.8pt)+fontsize(8pt));
dashed=linetype("4 4");
dotfactor=3;
pair A=(-2,0), B=(2,0);
fill(Arc((0,0),2,0,180)--cycle,mediumgray);
fill(Arc((-1,0),1,0,180)--cycle,white);
fill(Arc((0,0),1,0,180)--cycle,white);
fill(Arc((1,0),1,0,180)--cycle,white);
draw(Arc((-1,0),1,60,180));
draw(Arc((0,0),1,0,60),dashed);
draw(Arc((0,0),1,60,120));
draw(Arc((0,0),1,120,180),dashed);
draw(Arc((1,0),1,0,120));
draw(Arc((0,0),2,0,180)--cycle);
dot((0,0));
dot((-1,0));
dot((1,0));
draw((-2,-0.1)--(-2,-0.3),gray);
draw((-1,-0.1)--(-1,-0.3),gray);
draw((1,-0.1)--(1,-0.3),gray);
draw((2,-0.1)--(2,-0.3),gray);
label("$A$",A,W);
label("$B$",B,E);
label("1",(-1.5,-0.1),S);
label("2",(0,-0.1),S);
label("1",(1.5,-0.1),S);[/asy]$ \textbf{(A)}\ \pi\minus{}\sqrt3 \qquad
\textbf{(B)}\ \pi\minus{}\sqrt2 \qquad
\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{\pi\plus{}\sqrt2}{2} \qquad
\textbf{(D)}\ \frac{\pi\plus{}\sqrt3}{2}$
$ \textbf{(E)}\ \frac{7}{6}\pi\minus{}\frac{\sqrt3}{2}$
2011 Hanoi Open Mathematics Competitions, 8
Find the minimum value of $S = |x + 1| + |x + 5|+ |x + 14| + |x + 97| + |x + 1920|$.
2015 BMT Spring, 9
There exists a unique pair of positive integers $k,n$ such that $k$ is divisible by $6$, and $\sum_{i=1}^ki^2=n^2$. Find $(k,n)$.
2023 Israel TST, P2
Let $ABC$ be an isosceles triangle, $AB=AC$ inscribed in a circle $\omega$. The $B$-symmedian intersects $\omega$ again at $D$. The circle through $C,D$ and tangent to $BC$ and the circle through $A,D$ and tangent to $CD$ intersect at points $D,X$. The incenter of $ABC$ is denoted $I$. Prove that $B,C,I,X$ are concyclic.
2019 IMO, 4
Find all pairs $(k,n)$ of positive integers such that \[ k!=(2^n-1)(2^n-2)(2^n-4)\cdots(2^n-2^{n-1}). \]
[i]Proposed by Gabriel Chicas Reyes, El Salvador[/i]
LMT Team Rounds 2021+, 4
There exists a certain right triangle with the smallest area in the $2$D coordinate plane such that all of its vertices have integer coordinates but none of its sides are parallel to the $x$- or $y$-axis. Additionally, all of its sides have distinct, integer lengths. What is the area of this triangle?
2023 Indonesia TST, 3
Find all positive integers $n \geqslant 2$ for which there exist $n$ real numbers $a_1<\cdots<a_n$ and a real number $r>0$ such that the $\tfrac{1}{2}n(n-1)$ differences $a_j-a_i$ for $1 \leqslant i<j \leqslant n$ are equal, in some order, to the numbers $r^1,r^2,\ldots,r^{\frac{1}{2}n(n-1)}$.
2012 BMT Spring, 2
Find the smallest number with exactly 28 divisors.
1972 AMC 12/AHSME, 22
If $a\pm bi~(b\neq 0)$ are imaginary roots of the equation $x^3+qx+r=0$ where $a,~b,~q,$ and $r$ are real numbers, then $q$ in terms of $a$ and $b$ is
$\textbf{(A) }a^2+b^2\qquad\textbf{(B) }2a^2-b^2\qquad\textbf{(C) }b^2-a^2\qquad\textbf{(D) }b^2-2a^2\qquad \textbf{(E) }b^2-3a^2$
2009 Iran MO (3rd Round), 5
A ball is placed on a plane and a point on the ball is marked.
Our goal is to roll the ball on a polygon in the plane in a way that it comes back to where it started and the marked point comes to the top of it. Note that We are not allowed to rotate without moving, but only rolling.
Prove that it is possible.
Time allowed for this problem was 90 minutes.
PEN J Problems, 6
Show that if $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers, then $\phi( 5^m -1) \neq 5^{n}-1$.
2005 Slovenia National Olympiad, Problem 2
Find all prime numbers $p$ for which the number $p^2+11$ has less than $11$ divisors.
2006 China Team Selection Test, 2
Given three positive real numbers $ x$, $ y$, $ z$ such that $ x \plus{} y \plus{} z \equal{} 1$, prove that
$ \frac {xy}{\sqrt {xy \plus{} yz}} \plus{} \frac {yz}{\sqrt {yz \plus{} zx}} \plus{} \frac {zx}{\sqrt {zx \plus{} xy}} \le \frac {\sqrt {2}}{2}$.
2019 Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament, 6
Scalene triangle $ABC$ satisfies $\angle A = 60^{\circ}$. Let the circumcenter of $ABC$ be $O$, the orthocenter be $H$, and the incenter be $I$. Let $D$, $T$ be the points where line $BC$ intersects the internal and external angle bisectors of $\angle A$, respectively. Choose point $X$ on the circumcircle of $\triangle IHO$ such that $HX \parallel AI$. Prove that $OD \perp TX$.
2023 ELMO Shortlist, C8
Let \(n\ge3\) be a fixed integer, and let \(\alpha\) be a fixed positive real number. There are \(n\) numbers written around a circle such that there is exactly one \(1\) and the rest are \(0\)'s. An [i]operation[/i] consists of picking a number \(a\) in the circle, subtracting some positive real \(x\le a\) from it, and adding \(\alpha x\) to each of its neighbors.
Find all pairs \((n,\alpha)\) such that all the numbers in the circle can be made equal after a finite number of operations.
[i]Proposed by Anthony Wang[/i]
2003 Czech-Polish-Slovak Match, 5
Consider the binomial coefficients $\binom{n}{k}=\frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}\ (k=1,2,\ldots n-1)$. Determine all positive integers $n$ for which $\binom{n}{1},\binom{n}{2},\ldots ,\binom{n}{n-1}$ are all even numbers.
2022 Purple Comet Problems, 15
Find the number of rearrangements of the nine letters $\text{AAABBBCCC}$ where no three consecutive letters are the same. For example, count $\text{AABBCCABC}$ and $\text{ACABBCCAB}$ but not $\text{ABABCCCBA}.$
2019 Miklós Schweitzer, 1
Prove that if every subspace of a Hausdorff space $X$ is $\sigma$-compact, then $X$ is countable.
2023 Macedonian Balkan MO TST, Problem 3
Let $ABC$ be a triangle such that $AB<AC$. Let $D$ be a point on the segment $BC$ such that $BD<CD$. The angle bisectors of $\angle ADB$ and $\angle ADC$ meet the segments $AB$ and $AC$ at $E$ and $F$ respectively. Let $\omega$ be the circumcircle of $AEF$ and $M$ be the midpoint of $EF$. The ray $AD$ meets $\omega$ at $X$ and the line through $X$ parallel to $EF$ meets $\omega$ again at $Y$. If $YM$ meets $\omega$ at $T$, show that $AT$, $EF$ and $BC$ are concurrent.
[i]Authored by Nikola Velov[/i]