Olympiad problems

2018 China Second Round Olympiad, 1

Tags: inequalities , China

Let $ a_1,a_2,\cdots,a_n,b_1,b_2,\cdots,b_n,A,B$ are positive reals such that $ a_i\leq b_i,a_i\leq A$ $(i=1,2,\cdots,n)$ and $\frac{b_1 b_2 \cdots b_n}{a_1 a_2 \cdots a_n}\leq \frac{B}{A}.$ Prove that$$\frac{(b_1+1) (b_2+1) \cdots (b_n+1)}{(a_1+1) (a_2+1) \cdots (a_n+1)}\leq \frac{B+1}{A+1}.$$

2010 Contests, 1

Tags: geometry , incenter , China

Two circles $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ meet at $A$ and $B$. A line through $B$ meets $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ again at $C$ and $D$ repsectively. Another line through $B$ meets $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ again at $E$ and $F$ repsectively. Line $CF$ meets $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ again at $P$ and $Q$ respectively. $M$ and $N$ are midpoints of arc $PB$ and arc $QB$ repsectively. Show that if $CD = EF$, then $C,F,M,N$ are concyclic.

2015 China Girls Math Olympiad, 7

Tags: Inequality , algebra , inequalities , China

Let $x_1,x_2,\cdots,x_n \in(0,1)$ , $n\geq2$. Prove that$$\frac{\sqrt{1-x_1}}{x_1}+\frac{\sqrt{1-x_2}}{x_2}+\cdots+\frac{\sqrt{1-x_n}}{x_n}<\frac{\sqrt{n-1}}{x_1 x_2 \cdots x_n}.$$

2008 China Northern MO, 6

Tags: trigonometry , inequalities , China , BPSQ

Let $a, b, c$ be side lengths of a right triangle and $c$ be the length of the hypotenuse .Find the minimum value of $\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{abc}$.

2011 China Northern MO, 7

Tags: trigonometry , inequalities , inequalities unsolved , China

In $\triangle ABC$ , then \[\frac{1}{1+\cos^2 A+\cos^2 B}+\frac{1}{1+\cos^2 B+\cos^2 C}+\frac{1}{1+\cos^2 C+\cos^2 A}\le 2\]

2017 China Second Round Olympiad, 10

Tags: inequalities , China , BPSQ , inequalities proposed

Let $x_1,x_2,x_3\geq 0$ and $x_1+x_2+x_3=1$. Find the minimum value and the maximum value of $(x_1+3x_2+5x_3)\left(x_1+\frac{x_2}{3}+\frac{x_3}{5}\right).$

2019 China Team Selection Test, 3

Tags: inequalities , China , China TST

Let $n$ be a given even number, $a_1,a_2,\cdots,a_n$ be non-negative real numbers such that $a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n=1.$ Find the maximum possible value of $\sum_{1\le i<j\le n}\min\{(i-j)^2,(n+i-j)^2\}a_ia_j .$

2015 China Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: combinatorics , Probabilistic Method , China TST , China

Let $X$ be a non-empty and finite set, $A_1,...,A_k$ $k$ subsets of $X$, satisying: (1) $|A_i|\leq 3,i=1,2,...,k$ (2) Any element of $X$ is an element of at least $4$ sets among $A_1,....,A_k$. Show that one can select $[\frac{3k}{7}] $ sets from $A_1,...,A_k$ such that their union is $X$.

2011 China Girls Math Olympiad, 3

Tags: inequalities , function , calculus , conics , hyperbola , China

The positive reals $a,b,c,d$ satisfy $abcd=1$. Prove that $\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c} + \frac{1}{d} + \frac{9}{{a + b + c + d}} \geqslant \frac{{25}}{4}$.

2009 China Girls Math Olympiad, 6

Tags: geometry , similar triangles , China

Circle $ \Gamma_{1},$ with radius $ r,$ is internally tangent to circle $ \Gamma_{2}$ at $ S.$ Chord $ AB$ of $ \Gamma_{2}$ is tangent to $ \Gamma_{1}$ at $ C.$ Let $ M$ be the midpoint of arc $ AB$ (not containing $ S$), and let $ N$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $ M$ to line $ AB.$ Prove that $ AC\cdot CB\equal{}2r\cdot MN.$

2023 China Second Round, 6

Tags: inequalities proposed , algebra , equation , China , inequalities

Let $a,b,c $ be the lengths of the three sides of a triangle and $a,b$ be the two roots of the equation $ax^2-bx+c=0 $$ (a<b) . $ Find the value range of $ a+b-c .$

2019 China Team Selection Test, 1

Tags: geometry , China , China TST , 2019 , moving points

$AB$ and $AC$ are tangents to a circle $\omega$ with center $O$ at $B,C$ respectively. Point $P$ is a variable point on minor arc $BC$. The tangent at $P$ to $\omega$ meets $AB,AC$ at $D,E$ respectively. $AO$ meets $BP,CP$ at $U,V$ respectively. The line through $P$ perpendicular to $AB$ intersects $DV$ at $M$, and the line through $P$ perpendicular to $AC$ intersects $EU$ at $N$. Prove that as $P$ varies, $MN$ passes through a fixed point.

2021 China Second Round A1, 1

Tags: geometry , China

In triangle ABC,X,Y are on the angle bisector of ∠BAC and ∠ABX=∠ACY.BX intersects CY at P and circles (BYP) and (CXP) intersect at Q different from P. Prove that A,P,Q are on a line.

2023 China Western Mathematical Olympiad, 5

Tags: inequalities , algebra , China

Let $a_1,a_2,\cdots,a_{100}\geq 0$ such that $\max\{a_{i-1}+a_i,a_i+a_{i+1}\}\geq i $ for any $2\leq i\leq 99.$ Find the minimum of $a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_{100}.$

2024 China Western Mathematical Olympiad, 3

Tags: geometry , isogonal , Tangents , China , Phantom Point , similarity

$AB,AC$ are tangent to $\Omega$ at $B$ and $C$, respectively. $D,E,F$ lie on segments $BC,CA,AB$ such that $AF<AE$ and $\angle FDB= \angle EDC$. The circumcircle of $\triangle FEC$ intersects $\Omega$ at $G$ and $C$. Show that $ \angle AEF= \angle BGD$

2021 China Team Selection Test, 3

Tags: number theory , sum of digits , decimal representation , China TST , China , number theory proposed

Find all positive integer $n(\ge 2)$ and rational $\beta \in (0,1)$ satisfying the following: There exist positive integers $a_1,a_2,...,a_n$, such that for any set $I \subseteq \{1,2,...,n\}$ which contains at least two elements, $$ S(\sum_{i\in I}a_i)=\beta \sum_{i\in I}S(a_i). $$ where $S(n)$ denotes sum of digits of decimal representation of $n$.

2005 China National Olympiad, 2

Tags: geometry , inequalities , conics , trigonometry , China

A circle meets the three sides $BC,CA,AB$ of a triangle $ABC$ at points $D_1,D_2;E_1,E_2; F_1,F_2$ respectively. Furthermore, line segments $D_1E_1$ and $D_2F_2$ intersect at point $L$, line segments $E_1F_1$ and $E_2D_2$ intersect at point $M$, line segments $F_1D_1$ and $F_2E_2$ intersect at point $N$. Prove that the lines $AL,BM,CN$ are concurrent.

2018 China Northern MO, 5

Tags: number theory , China , relatively prime , ratio , geometry , perimeter

A right triangle has the property that it's sides are pairwise relatively prime positive integers and that the ratio of it's area to it's perimeter is a perfect square. Find the minimum possible area of this triangle.

1989 China National Olympiad, 4

Tags: geometry , China

Given a triangle $ABC$, points $D,E,F$ lie on sides $BC,CA,AB$ respectively. Moreover, the radii of incircles of $\triangle AEF, \triangle BFD, \triangle CDE$ are equal to $r$. Denote by $r_0$ and $R$ the radii of incircles of $\triangle DEF$ and $\triangle ABC$ respectively. Prove that $r+r_0=R$.

2019 South East Mathematical Olympiad, 1

Tags: algebra , Inequality , China

Find the largest real number $k$, such that for any positive real numbers $a,b$, $$(a+b)(ab+1)(b+1)\geq kab^2$$

1988 China National Olympiad, 4

Tags: inequalities , geometry , area of a triangle , Heron's formula , inequalities unsolved , China , n-variable inequality

(1) Let $a,b,c$ be positive real numbers satisfying $(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2>2(a^4+b^4+c^4)$. Prove that $a,b,c$ can be the lengths of three sides of a triangle respectively. (2) Let $a_1,a_2,\dots ,a_n$ be $n$ ($n>3$) positive real numbers satisfying $(a_1^2+a_2^2+\dots +a_n^2)^2>(n-1)(a_1^4+ a_2^4+\dots +a_n^4)$. Prove that any three of $a_1,a_2,\dots ,a_n$ can be the lengths of three sides of a triangle respectively.

2005 China Girls Math Olympiad, 5

Tags: inequalities , inequalities unsolved , China

Let $ x$ and $ y$ be positive real numbers with $ x^3 \plus{} y^3 \equal{} x \minus{} y.$ Prove that \[ x^2 \plus{} 4y^2 < 1.\]

1995 China Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: geometry , geometric transformation , geometry unsolved , Tangents , Locus problems , China , TST

Given a fixed acute angle $\theta$ and a pair of internally tangent circles, let the line $l$ which passes through the point of tangency, $A$, cut the larger circle again at $B$ ($l$ does not pass through the centers of the circles). Let $M$ be a point on the major arc $AB$ of the larger circle, $N$ the point where $AM$ intersects the smaller circle, and $P$ the point on ray $MB$ such that $\angle MPN = \theta$. Find the locus of $P$ as $M$ moves on major arc $AB$ of the larger circle.

2017 China National Olympiad, 3

Tags: rectangle , combinatorial geometry , combinatorics , China

Consider a rectangle $R$ partitioned into $2016$ smaller rectangles such that the sides of each smaller rectangle is parallel to one of the sides of the original rectangle. Call the corners of each rectangle a vertex. For any segment joining two vertices, call it basic if no other vertex lie on it. (The segments must be part of the partitioning.) Find the maximum/minimum possible number of basic segments over all possible partitions of $R$.

2007 China Northern MO, 2

Tags: inequalities , geometric inequality , inequalities proposed , China , High school olympiad

Let $ a,\, b,\, c$ be side lengths of a triangle and $ a+b+c = 3$. Find the minimum of \[ a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}+\frac{4abc}{3}\]