The circle $\omega_0$ touches the line at point A. Let $R$ be a given positive number. We consider various circles $\omega$ of radius $R$ that touch a line $\ell$ and have two different points in common with the circle $\omega_0$. Let $D$ be the touchpoint of the circle $\omega_0$ with the line $\ell$, and the points of intersection of the circles $\omega$ and $\omega_0$ are denoted by $B$ and $C$ (Assume that the distance from point $B$ to the line $\ell$ is greater than the distance from point $C$ to this line). Find the locus of the centers of the circumscribed circles of all such triangles $ABD$.

A man has a rectangular block of wood $m$ by $n$ by $r$ inches ($m, n,$ and $r$ are integers). He paints the entire surface of the block, cuts the block into inch cubes, and notices that exactly half the cubes are completely unpainted. Prove that the number of essentially different blocks with this property is finite. (Do [i] not [/i] attempt to enumerate them.)

Let $a,b,c\in \mathbb N$ be such that $a,b\neq c$. Prove that there are infinitely many prime numbers $p$ for which there exists $n\in\mathbb N$ that $p|a^n+b^n-c^n$.

Let $\mathbb{L}$ be a finite field with $q$ elements. Prove that: a) If $q \equiv 3 \pmod 4$ and $n \ge 2$ is a positive integer divisible by $q-1,$ then $x^n=(x^2+1)^n$ for all $x \in \mathbb{L}^{\times}.$ b) If there exists a positive integer $n \ge 2$ such that $x^n=(x^2+1)^n$ for all $x \in \mathbb{L}^{\times},$ then $q \equiv 3 \pmod 4$ and $q-1$ divides $n.$

Determine which number each letter denotes in the equalities $(YX)^Y=BYX$ and $(AA)^H = AHHA$, if different (identical) letters correspond to different (identical) numbers.

In a sports meeting a total of $m$ medals were awarded over $n$ days. On the first day one medal and $\frac{1}{7}$ of the remaining medals were awarded. On the second day two medals and $\frac{1}{7}$ of the remaining medals were awarded, and so on. On the last day, the remaining $n$ medals were awarded. How many medals did the meeting last, and what was the total number of medals ?

During a recent campaign for office, a candidate made a tour of a country which we assume lies in a plane. On the first day of the tour he went east, on the second day he went north, on the third day west, on the fourth day south, on the fifth day east, etc. If the candidate went $n^2/2$ miles on the $n^{\text{th}}$ day of this tour, how many miles was he from his starting point at the end of the $40^{\text{th}}$ day?

Let $ABC $be a right triangle with $\angle C = 90^o$ and let $D$ be the foot of the altitude from $C$. Let $E$ be the centroid of triangle $ACD$ and let $F$ be the centroid of triangle $BCD$. The point $P$ satisfies $\angle CEP = 90^o$ and $|CP| = |AP|$, while point $Q$ satisfies $\angle CFQ = 90^o$ and $|CQ| = |BQ|$. Prove that $PQ$ passes through the centroid of triangle $ABC$.

In $\Delta ABC$ points $A_1$, $B_1$, and $C_1$ are the tangential points of the excircles of $ABC$ with its sides. a) Prove that $AA_1$, $BB_1$, and $CC_1$ intersect in one point $N$. b) If $AC+BC=3AB$, prove that the center of the inscribed circle of $ABC$, its tangential point with $AB$, and the point $N$ are collinear.

A number $k$ is [i]nice [/i] in base $b$ if there exists a $k$-digit number $n$ such that $n, 2n, . . . kn$ are each some cyclic shifts of the digits of $n$ in base $b$ (for example, $2$ is [i]nice [/i] in base $5$ because $2\cdot 135 = 315$). Determine all nice numbers in base $18$.

In the Cartesian plane, let $G_1$ and $G_2$ be the graphs of the quadratic functions $f_1(x) = p_1x^2 + q_1x + r_1$ and $f_2(x) = p_2x^2 + q_2x + r_2$, where $p_1 > 0 > p_2$. The graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$ cross at distinct points $A$ and $B$. The four tangents to $G_1$ and $G_2$ at $A$ and $B$ form a convex quadrilateral which has an inscribed circle. Prove that the graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$ have the same axis of symmetry.

Let $K$ denote the set $\{a, b, c, d, e\}$. $F$ is a collection of $16$ different subsets of $K$, and it is known that any three members of $F$ have at least one element in common. Show that all $16$ members of $F$ have exactly one element in common.

Let $H$ be the hyperbolic plane, $I(H)$ be the isometry group of $H$, and $O\in H$ be a fixed starting point. Determine those continuous $\sigma\colon H\rightarrow I(H)$ mappings that satisfty the following three conditions: (a) $\sigma(O)=\mathrm{id}$, and $\sigma (X)O=X$ for all $X\in H$; (b) for every $X\in H\backslash \{ O\}$ point, the $\sigma(X)$ isometry is a paracyclic shift, i.e. every member of a system of paracycles through a common infinitely far point is left invariant; (c) for any pair $P,Q\in H$ of points there exists a point $X\in H$ such that $\sigma(X)P=Q$. Prove that the $\sigma\colon H\rightarrow I(H)$ mappings satisfying the above conditions are differentiable with the exception of a point.

Positive integer $k(\ge 8)$ is given. Prove that if there exists a pair of positive integers $(x,y)$ that satisfies the conditions below, then there exists infinitely many pairs $(x,y)$. (1) $ $ $x\mid y^2-3, y\mid x^2-2$ (2) $ $ $gcd\left(3x+\frac{2(y^2-3)}{x},2y+\frac{3(x^2-2)}{y}\right)=k$ $ $

Find all positive real solutions to: \begin{eqnarray*} (x_1^2-x_3x_5)(x_2^2-x_3x_5) &\le& 0 \\ (x_2^2-x_4x_1)(x_3^2-x_4x_1) &\le& 0 \\ (x_3^2-x_5x_2)(x_4^2-x_5x_2) &\le& 0 \\ (x_4^2-x_1x_3)(x_5^2-x_1x_3) &\le & 0 \\ (x_5^2-x_2x_4)(x_1^2-x_2x_4) &\le& 0 \\ \end{eqnarray*}

Let $a, b, c$ be positive reals with $a^{2014}+b^{2014}+c^{2014}+abc=4$. Prove that \[ \frac{a^{2013}+b^{2013}-c}{c^{2013}} + \frac{b^{2013}+c^{2013}-a}{a^{2013}} + \frac{c^{2013}+a^{2013}-b}{b^{2013}} \ge a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}. \][i]Proposed by David Stoner[/i]

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB=AC$. Also, let $D\in[BC]$ be a point such that $BC>BD>DC>0$, and let $\mathcal{C}_1,\mathcal{C}_2$ be the circumcircles of the triangles $ABD$ and $ADC$ respectively. Let $BB'$ and $CC'$ be diameters in the two circles, and let $M$ be the midpoint of $B'C'$. Prove that the area of the triangle $MBC$ is constant (i.e. it does not depend on the choice of the point $D$). [i]Greece[/i]

If $a,b,c$ are positive numbers, prove the inequality $$\frac{a^2}{(a+b)(a+c)}+\frac{b^2}{(b+c)(b+a)}+\frac{c^2}{(c+a)(c+b)}\ge\frac34.$$

Given a random string of 33 bits (0 or 1), how many (they can overlap) occurrences of two consecutive 0's would you expect? (i.e. "100101" has 1 occurrence, "0001" has 2 occurrences)

There exist $4$ positive integers $a,b,c,d$ such that $abcd \neq 1$ and each pair of them have a GCD of $1$. Two functions $f,g : \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \{0,1\}$ are multiplicative functions such that for each positive integer $n$ we have : $$f(an+b)=g(cn+d)$$ Prove that at least one of the followings hold. $i)$ for each positive integer $n$ we have $f(an+b)=g(cn+d)=0$ $ii)$ There exists a positive integer $k$ such that for all $n$ where $(n,k)=1$ we have $g(n)=f(n)=1$ (Function $f$ is multiplicative if for any natural numbers $a,b$ we have $f(ab)=f(a)f(b)$) Proposed by [i]Navid Safaii[/i]

If $m$ is a positive integer, prove that $2^m$ cannot be written as a sum of two or more consecutive natural numbers.

Solve the equation $$(x^2-x-1)^2-x^3=5$$

Oleksiy wrote several distinct positive integers on the board and calculated all their pairwise sums. It turned out that all digits from $0$ to $9$ appear among the last digits of these sums. What could be the smallest number of integers that Oleksiy wrote? [i]Proposed by Oleksiy Masalitin[/i]

Let $n\in\mathbb N_+.$ For $1\leq i,j,k\leq n,a_{ijk}\in\{ -1,1\} .$ Prove that: $\exists x_1,x_2,\cdots ,x_n,y_1,y_2,\cdots ,y_n,z_1,z_2,\cdots ,z_n\in \{-1,1\} ,$ satisfy $$\left| \sum\limits_{i=1}^n\sum\limits_{j=1}^n\sum\limits_{k=1}^na_{ijk}x_iy_jz_k\right| >\frac {n^2}3.$$ [i]Created by Yu Deng[/i]

Find the minimum positive value of $ 1*2*3*4*...*2020*2021*2022$ where you can replace $*$ as $+$ or $-$