A sequence of three real numbers forms an arithmetic progression with a first term of $ 9$. If $ 2$ is added to the second term and $ 20$ is added to the third term, the three resulting numbers form a geometric progression. What is the smallest possible value for the third term of the geometric progression? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 1\qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 4\qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 36\qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 49\qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 81$

Given a prime $p$, show that \[\left(1+p\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}k^{-1}\right)^2 \equiv 1-p^2\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}k^{-2} \pmod{p^4}.\] [i]Timothy Chu.[/i]

An ice cream cone consists of a sphere of vanilla ice cream and a right circular cone that has the same diameter as the sphere. If the ice cream melts, it will exactly fill the cone. Assume that the melted ice cream occupies $ 75\%$ of the volume of the frozen ice cream. What is the ratio of the cone’s height to its radius? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 2: 1 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 3: 1 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 4: 1 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 16: 3 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 6: 1$

Suppose that $S$ is a subset of $\{1, 2, 3,...,25\}$ such that the sum of any two (not necessarily distinct) elements of $S$ is never an element of $S$. What is the maximum number of elements $S$ may contain? $\textbf{(A) }12 \qquad \textbf{(B) }13 \qquad \textbf{(C) }14 \qquad \textbf{(D) }15 \qquad \textbf{(E) }16$

Given a triangle $ABC$. $D$ is a moving point on the edge $BC$. Point $E$ and Point $F$ are on the edge $AB$ and $AC$, respectively, such that $BE=CD$ and $CF=BD$. The circumcircle of $\triangle BDE$ and $\triangle CDF$ intersects at another point $P$ other than $D$. Prove that there exists a fixed point $Q$, such that the length of $QP$ is constant.

Let $D$ be the midpoint of $[AC]$ of $\triangle ABC$ with $m(\widehat{ABC})=90^\circ$ and $|AC|=10$. Let $E$ be the point of intersections of bisectors of $[AD]$ and $[BD]$. Let $F$ be the point of intersections of bisectors of $[BD]$ and $[CD]$. If $|EF|=13$, then $|AB|$ can be $ \textbf{(A)}\ 20\sqrt{\frac 2{13}} \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 15\sqrt{\frac 2{13}} \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 10\sqrt{\frac 2{13}} \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 5\sqrt{\frac 2{13}} \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{None} $

Let $0 < \frac{1}{q} \leq \frac{1}{p} < 1$ and $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=1$. Let $u_k$, $v_k$, $a_k$ and $b_k$ be non-negative real sequences such as $u^2_k > a^p_k$ and $v_k > b^q_k$, where $k = 1, 2,\cdots , n$. If $0 < m_1\leq u_k \leq M_1$ and $0 < m_2 \leq v_k \leq M_2$ , then $$\left(\sum \limits_{k=1}^n\left(l^p\left(u_k+v_k\right)^2-\left(a_k+b_k\right)^p\right)\right)^{\frac{1}{p}}\geq \left(\sum \limits_{k=1}^n\left(u_k^2-a_k^p\right)\right)^{\frac{1}{p}}\left(\sum \limits_{k=1}^n\left(v_k^2-b_k^p\right)\right)^{\frac{1}{p}}$$where $$l=\frac{M_1M_2+m_1m_2}{2\sqrt{m_1M_1m_2M_2}}$$

Let $n$ be a nonzero natural number, and $x_1, x_2,..., x_n$ positive real numbers that $ \frac{1}{x_1}+\frac{1}{x_2}+...+\frac{1}{x_n}= n$. Find the minimum value of the expression $x_1 +\frac{x_2^2}{2}++\frac{x_3^3}{3}+...++\frac{x_n^n}{n}$.

A three-digit number $x$ in base $10$ has a units-digit of $6$. When $x$ is written is base $9$, the second digit of the number is $4$, and the first and third digit are equal in value. Compute $x$ in base $10$.

Let $a_1, a_2, a_3, \ldots$ be a sequence of positive real numbers, and $s$ be a positive integer, such that \[a_n = \max \{ a_k + a_{n-k} \mid 1 \leq k \leq n-1 \} \ \textrm{ for all } \ n > s.\] Prove there exist positive integers $\ell \leq s$ and $N$, such that \[a_n = a_{\ell} + a_{n - \ell} \ \textrm{ for all } \ n \geq N.\] [i]Proposed by Morteza Saghafiyan, Iran[/i]

The lengths of the altitudes of a triangle are positive integers, and the length of the radius of the incircle is a prime number. Find the lengths of the sides of the triangle.

Let $x$ and $y$ be real numbers such that $x^2+y^2-22x-16y+113=0.$ Determine the smallest possible value of $x.$

How many triangles have area $ 10$ and vertices at $ (\minus{}5,0)$, $ (5,0)$, and $ (5\cos \theta, 5\sin \theta)$ for some angle $ \theta$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 0\qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 2\qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 4\qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 6\qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 8$

Determine all positive integers $n$ for which the equation \[x^{n}+(2+x)^{n}+(2-x)^{n}= 0\] has an integer as a solution.

Rational numbers $a$ and $b$ satisfy the equality $$a^3b+ab^3+2a^2b^2+2a + 2b + 1 = 0. $$ Prove that the number $1-ab$ is the square of the rational numbers.

Let $\triangle ABC$ an acute triangle of incenter $I$ and incircle $\omega$. $\omega$ is tangent to $BC, CA$ and $AB$ at points $T_{A}, T_{B}$ and $T_{C}$, respectively. Let $l_{A}$ the line through $A$ and parallel to $BC$ and define $l_{B}$ and $l_{C}$ analogously. Let $L_{A}$ the second intersection point of $AI$ with the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ and define $L_{B}$ and $L_{C}$ analogously. Let $P_{A}=T_{B}T_{C}\cap l_{A}$ and define $P_{B}$ and $P_{C}$ analogously. Let $S_{A}=P_{B}T_{B}\cap P_{C}T_{C}$ and define $S_{B}$ and $S_{C}$ analogously. Prove that $S_{A}L_{A}, S_{B}L_{B}, S_{C}L_{C}$ are concurrent.

Let $x_n=2^{2^{n}}+1$ and let $m$ be the least common multiple of $x_2, x_3, \ldots, x_{1971}.$ Find the last digit of $m.$

Prove that for every positive integer $n$ there exists a polynomial $p(x)$ of degree $n$ with real coefficients, having $n$ distinct real roots and satisfying $$p(x)p(4-x)=p(x(4-x))$$

Find the number of positive integers $10 \le n \le 99$ with last digit at most $5$ such that the last two digits of $n^n$ are the same as $n.$

In how many consecutive zeros does the decimal expansion of $\frac{26!}{35^3}$ end? $\text{(A) }1\qquad\text{(B) }2\qquad\text{(C) }3\qquad\text{(D) }4\qquad\text{(E) }5$

You are initially given the number $n=1$. Each turn, you may choose any positive divisor $d\mid n$, and multiply $n$ by $d+1$. For instance, on the first turn, you must select $d=1$, giving $n=1\cdot(1+1)=2$ as your new value of $n$. On the next turn, you can select either $d=1$ or $2$, giving $n=2\cdot(1+1)=4$ or $n=2\cdot(2+1)=6$, respectively, and so on. Find an algorithm that, in at most $k$ steps, results in $n$ being divisible by the number $2021^{2021^{2021}} - 1$. An algorithm that completes in at most $k$ steps will be awarded: 1 pt for $k>2021^{2021^{2021}}$ 20 pts for $k=2021^{2021^{2021}}$ 50 pts for $k=10^{10^4}$ 75 pts for $k=10^{10}$ 90 pts for $k=10^5$ 95 pts for $k=6\cdot10^4$ 100 pts for $k=5\cdot10^4$

Twenty distinct points are marked on a circle and labeled $1$ through $20$ in clockwise order. A line segment is drawn between every pair of points whose labels differ by a prime number. Find the number of triangles formed whose vertices are among the original $20$ points.

The parabolas $y=x^2+15x+32$ and $x = y^2+49y+593$ meet at one point $(x_0,y_0)$. Find $x_0+y_0$.

Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle and let $P$ be the intersection of the tangents at $B$ and $C$ of the circumscribed circle of $\vartriangle ABC$. The line through $A$ perpendicular on $AB$ and cuts the line perpendicular on $AC$ through $C$ at $X$. The line through $A$ perpendicular on $AC$ cuts the line perpendicular on $AB$ through $B$ at $Y$. Show that $AP \perp XY$.

Prove that for all real numbers $ a,b$ with $ ab>0$ we have: $ \sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2 b^2 (a\plus{}b)^2}{4}} \le \frac{a^2\plus{}10ab\plus{}b^2}{12}$ and find the cases of equality. Hence, or otherwise, prove that for all real numbers $ a,b$ $ \sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2 b^2 (a\plus{}b)^2}{4}} \le \frac{a^2\plus{}ab\plus{}b^2}{3}$ and find the cases of equality.