Determine the integers $x$ such that $2^x + x^2 + 25$ is the cube of a prime number

In the diagram below, the larger square has side length $6$. Find the area of the smaller square.

Let $ABCD$ be a square with side length $6$. Let $E$ be a point on the perimeter of $ABCD$ such that the area of $\triangle{AEB}$ is $\frac{1}{6}$ the area of $ABCD$. Find the maximum possible value of $CE^2$. [i]Proposed by Anthony Yang[/i]

Prove that there exist infinitely many natural numbers $ n$ such that the numerator of $ 1 \plus{} \frac {1}{2} \plus{} \frac {1}{3} \plus{} \frac {1}{4} \plus{} ... \plus{} \frac {1}{n}$ in the lowest terms is not a power of a prime number.

Three lights are placed horizontally on a line on the ceiling. All the lights are initially off. Every second, Neil picks one of the three lights uniformly at random to switch: if it is off, he switches it on; if it is on, he switches it off. When a light is switched, any lights directly to the left or right of that light also get turned on (if they were off) or off (if they were on). The expected number of lights that are on after Neil has flipped switches three times can be expressed in the form $m/ n$ , where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Compute $m + n$.

In the diagram below, a triangular array of three congruent squares is configured such that the top row has one square and the bottom row has two squares. The top square lies on the two squares immediately below it. Suppose that the area of the triangle whose vertices are the centers of the three squares is $100.$ Find the area of one of the squares. [asy] unitsize(1.25cm); draw((0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--(0,0)); draw((1,0)--(2,0)--(2,1)--(1,1)); draw((1.5,1)--(1.5,2)--(0.5,2)--(0.5,1)); draw((0.5,0.5)--(1.5,0.5)--(1,1.5)--(0.5,0.5),dashed); [/asy]

Given a subset of $\{1,2,...,n\}$, we define its [i]alternating sum [/i] in the following way: we order the elements of the subset in descending order and, starting with the largest, we alternately add and subtract the successive numbers. For example, the [i]alternating sum[/i] of the set $\{1,3,4,6,8\}$ is $8-6+4-3+1 = 4$. Determines the sum of the alternating sums of all subsets of $\{1,2,...,10\}$ with an odd number of elements.

The average of the numbers $ 1,2,3,...,98,99$, and $ x$ is $ 100x$. What is $ x$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ \frac{49}{101} \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \frac{50}{101} \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \frac12 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \frac{51}{101} \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \frac{50}{99}$

On the table lay a pencil, sharpened at one end. The student can rotate the pencil around one of its ends at $45^{\circ}$ clockwise or counterclockwise. Can the student, after a few turns of the pencil, go back to the starting position so that the sharpened end and the not sharpened are reversed?

We call a set of points [i]free[/i] if there is no equilateral triangle with the vertices among the points of the set. Prove that every set of $n$ points in the plane contains a [i]free[/i] subset with at least $\sqrt{n}$ elements.

Let $ABCD$ be the cyclic quadrilateral. Suppose that there exists some line $l$ parallel to $BD$ which is tangent to the inscribed circles of triangles $ABC, CDA$. Show that $l$ passes through the incenter of $BCD$ or through the incenter of $DAB$. [i](Proposed by Fedir Yudin)[/i]

[b]a)[/b] Among the $21$ pairwise distances between the $7$ points of the plane, prove that one and the same number occurs not more than $12$ times. [b]b)[/b] Find a maximum number of times may meet the same number among the $15$ pairwise distances between $6$ points of the plane.

Find all $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that for all $x,y\in\mathbb{R}$, $f(x)+f(y) = f(x+y)$ and $f(x^{2013}) = f(x)^{2013}$. [i]Proposed by Calvin Deng[/i]

Given that $x$, $y$ and $z$ are positive integers such that $x^3y^5z^6$ is a perfect 7th power of a positive integer, show that also $x^5y^6z^3$ is a perfect 7th power.

What is the minimum number of times you have to take your pencil off the paper to draw the following figure (the dots are for decoration)? You must lift your pencil off the paper after you're done, and this is included in the number of times you take your pencil off the paper. You're not allowed to draw over an edge twice. [center][img]http://i.imgur.com/CBGmPmv.png[/img][/center]

Let $p>$ be a prime number and $S$ be a set of $p+1$ integers. Prove that there exist pairwise distinct numbers $a_1,a_2,...,a_{p-1}\in S$ that $$ a_1+2a_2+3a_3+...+(p-1)a_{p-1}$$ is divisible by $p$.

For a given positive integer $n$, there are a total of $5n$ balls labeled with numbers $1$, $2$, $3$, $\cdots$, $n$, with 5 balls for each number. The balls are put into $n$ boxes, with $5$ balls in each box. Show that you can color two balls red and one ball blue in each box so that the sum of the numbers on the red balls is twice the sum of the numbers on the blue balls.

As shown in the figure, let point $E$ be the intersection of the diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ of the cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$. The circumcenter of triangle $ABE$ is denoted as $K$. Point $X$ is the reflection of point $B$ with respect to the line $CD$, and point $Y$ is the point on the plane such that quadrilateral $DKEY$ is a parallelogram. Prove that the points $D,E,X,Y$ are concyclic. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/3/4/df852f90028df6f09b4ec1342f5330fc531d12.jpg[/img]

Determine the period of orbit for the star of mass $3M$. (A) $\pi \sqrt{\frac{d^3}{GM}}$ (B) $\frac{3\pi}{4}\sqrt{\frac{d^3}{GM}}$ (C) $\pi \sqrt{\frac{d^3}{3GM}}$ (D) $2\pi \sqrt{\frac{d^3}{GM}}$ (E) $\frac{\pi}{4} \sqrt{\frac{d^3}{GM}}$

$a,b,c$ are real numbers. The sufficient and necessary condition of $\forall x\in\mathbb{R},a\sin x+b\cos x+c>0$ is $\text{(A)}$ $a=b=0,c>0$ $\text{(B)}$ $\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=c$ $\text{(C)}$ $\sqrt{a^2+b^2}<c$ $\text{(D)}$ $\sqrt{a^2+b^2}>c$

Consider any permutation $\sigma$ of $\{0,1,2,\dots,9\}$ and for each of the 8 triples of consecutive numbers in this permutation, consider the sum of these three numbers. Let $M(\sigma)$ be the largest of these 8 sums. (For example, for the permutation $\sigma = (4, 6, 2, 9, 0, 1, 8, 5, 7, 3)$ we get the 8 sums 12, 17, 11, 10, 9, 14, 20, 15, and $M(\sigma) = 20$.) (a) Find a permutation $\sigma_1$ such that $M(\sigma_1) = 13$. (b) Does there exist a permutation $\sigma_2$ such that $M(\sigma_2) = 12$?

Three friends Archie, Billie, and Charlie play a game. At the beginning of the game, each of them has a pile of $2024$ pebbles. Archie makes the first move, Billie makes the second, Charlie makes the third and they continue to make moves in the same order. In each move, the player making the move must choose a positive integer $n$ greater than any previously chosen number by any player, take $2n$ pebbles from his pile and distribute them equally to the other two players. If a player cannot make a move, the game ends and that player loses the game. $\hspace{5px}$ Determine all the players who have a strategy such that, regardless of how the other two players play, they will not lose the game. [i]Proposed by Ilija Jovčeski, Macedonia[/i]

Let $M$ be the midpoint of side $BC$ of acute triangle $ABC$. The circle centered at $M$ passing through $A$ intersects the lines $AB$ and $AC$ again at $P$ and $Q$, respectively. The tangents to this circle at $P$ and $Q$ meet at $D$. Prove that the perpendicular bisector of $BC$ bisects segment $AD$.

From the point $P$ outside a circle $\omega$ with center $O$ draw the tangents $PA$ and $PB$ where $A$ and $B$ belong to $\omega$.In a random point $M$ in the chord $AB$ we draw the perpendicular to $OM$, which intersects $PA$ and $PB$ in $C$ and $D$. Prove that $M$ is the midpoint $CD$.

The greatest common divisor $d$ and the least common multiple $u$ of positive integers $m$ and $n$ satisfy the equality $3m + n = 3u + d$. Prove that $m$ is divisible by $n$.