Let $ABC$ be a scalene triangle with circumcircle $\Gamma$, and let $D$,$E$,$F$ be the points where its incircle meets $BC$, $AC$, $AB$ respectively. Let the circumcircles of $\triangle AEF$, $\triangle BFD$, and $\triangle CDE$ meet $\Gamma$ a second time at $X,Y,Z$ respectively. Prove that the perpendiculars from $A,B,C$ to $AX,BY,CZ$ respectively are concurrent. [i]Proposed by Michael Kural[/i]

Let $k$ be a positive integer. Find all functions $f:\mathbb{N}\to \mathbb{N}$ satisfying the following two conditions:\\ • For infinitely many prime numbers $p$ there exists a positve integer $c$ such that $f(c)=p^k$.\\ • For all positive integers $m$ and $n$, $f(m)+f(n)$ divides $f(m+n)$.

The permutation $\sigma$ consisting of four words $A,B,C,D$ has $f_{AB}(\sigma)$, the sum of the number of $B$ placed rightside of every $A$. We can define $f_{BC}(\sigma)$,$f_{CD}(\sigma)$,$f_{DA}(\sigma)$ as the same way too. For example, $\sigma=ACBDBACDCBAD$, $f_{AB}(\sigma)=3+1+0=4$, $f_{BC}(\sigma)=4$,$f_{CD}(\sigma)=6$, $f_{DA}(\sigma)=3$ Find the maximal value of $f_{AB}(\sigma)+f_{BC}(\sigma)+f_{CD}(\sigma)+f_{DA}(\sigma)$, when $\sigma$ consists of $2020$ letters for each $A,B,C,D$

A triple integer $(a, b, c)$ is called [i]brilliant [/i] when it satisfies: (i) $a> b> c$ are prime numbers (ii) $a = b + 2c$ (iii) $a + b + c$ is a perfect square number Find the minimum value of $abc$ if triple $(a, b, c)$ is [i]brilliant[/i].

For a positive real number $p$, find all real solutions to the equation \[\sqrt{x^2 + 2px - p^2} -\sqrt{x^2 - 2px - p^2} =1.\]

Two lines with slopes $\dfrac{1}{2}$ and $2$ intersect at $(2,2)$. What is the area of the triangle enclosed by these two lines and the line $x+y=10 ?$ $\textbf{(A) } 4 \qquad\textbf{(B) } 4\sqrt{2} \qquad\textbf{(C) } 6 \qquad\textbf{(D) } 8 \qquad\textbf{(E) } 6\sqrt{2}$

Suppose that $2002$ numbers, each equal to $1$ or $-1$, are written around a circle. For every two adjacent numbers, their product is taken; it turns out that the sum of all $2002$ such products is negative. Prove that the sum of the original numbers has absolute value less than or equal to $1000$. (The absolute value of $x$ is usually denoted by $|x|$. It is equal to $x$ if $x \ge 0$, and to $-x$ if $x < 0$. For example, $|6| = 6, |0| = 0$, and $|-7| = 7$.)

Let $T=\text{TNFTPP}$. In the binary expansion of \[\dfrac{2^{2007}-1}{2^T-1},\] how many of the first $10,000$ digits to the right of the radix point are $0$'s?

Alice sells an item at $\$10$ less than the list price and receives $10\%$ of her selling price as her commission. Bob sells the same item at $\$20$ less than the list price and receives $20\%$ of his selling price as his commission. If they both get the same commission, then the list price is $ \textbf{(A)}\ \$20\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \$30\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \$50\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \$70\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \$100 $

Let $AB$ and $CD$ be two perpendicular diameters of a circle with centre $O$. Consider a point $M$ on the diameter $AB$, different from $A$ and $B$. The line $CM$ cuts the circle again at $N$. The tangent at $N$ to the circle and the perpendicular at $M$ to $AM$ intersect at $P$. Show that $OP = CM$.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with orthocenter $H$ and circumcenter $O$. Let $K$ be the midpoint of $AH$. point $P$ lies on $AC$ such that $\angle BKP=90^{\circ}$. Prove that $OP\parallel BC$.

Let $ABC$ be a non-right-angled triangle and let $H$ be its orthocenter. Let $M_1,M_2,M_3$ be the midpoints of the sides $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ respectively. Let $A_1$, $B_1$, $C_1$ be the symmetrical points of $H$ with respect to $M_1$, $M_2$ and $M_3$ respectively, and let $A_2$, $B_2$, $C_2$ be the orthocenters of the triangles $BA_1C$, $CB_1A$ and $AC_1B$ respectively. Prove that: a) triangles $ABC$ and $A_2B_2C_2$ have the same centroid; b) the centroids of the triangles $AA_1A_2$, $BB_1B_2$, $CC_1C_2$ form a triangle similar with $ABC$.

Determine all triples $(a,b,c)$ of real numbers such that $$ (2a+1)^2 - 4b = (2b+1)^2 - 4c = (2c+1)^2 - 4a = 5. $$

Given is a positive integer $n$. Let $A$ be the set of points $x \in (0;1)$ such that $|x-\frac{p} {q}|>\frac{1}{n^3}$ for each rational fraction $\frac{p} {q}$ with denominator $q \leq n^2$. Prove that $A$ is a union of intervals with total length not exceeding $\frac{100}{n}$. Proposed by Fedor Petrov

Let $ABC$ be a triangle. Choose a point $D$ in its interior. Let $\omega_1$ be a circle passing through $B$ and $D$ and $\omega_2$ be a circle passing through $C$ and $D$ so that the other point of intersection of the two circles lies on $AD$. Let $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ intersect side $BC$ at $E$ and $F$, respectively. Denote by $X$ the intersection of $DF$, $AB$ and $Y$ the intersection of $DE, AC$. Show that $XY \parallel BC$.

Let $P(x)$ be a polynomial with integer coefficients such that $P(0)=1$, and let $c > 1$ be an integer. Define $x_0=0$ and $x_{i+1} = P(x_i)$ for all integers $i \ge 0$. Show that there are infinitely many positive integers $n$ such that $\gcd (x_n, n+c)=1$. [i]Proposed by Milan Haiman and Carl Schildkraut[/i]

In a triangle $ABC$, the nine-point circle $(N)$ is tangent to the incircle $(I)$ and three excircles $(I_a), (I_b), (I_c)$ at the Feuerbach points $F, F_a, F_b, F_c$. Tangents of $(N)$ at $F, F_a, F_b, F_c$ bound a quadrangle $PQRS$. Show that the Euler line of $ABC$ is a Newton line of $PQRS$. Luis González

Mr. J left his entire estate to his wife, his daughter, his son, and the cook. His daughter and son got half the estate, sharing in the ratio of $ 4$ to $ 3$. His wife got twice as much as the son. If the cook received a bequest of $ \$500$, then the entire estate was: $ \textbf{(A)}\ \$3500 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \$5500 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \$6500 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \$7000 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \$7500$

Given a finite string $S$ of symbols $X$ and $O$, we write $@(S)$ for the number of $X$'s in $S$ minus the number of $O$'s. (For example, $@(XOOXOOX) =-1$.) We call a string $S$ [b]balanced[/b] if every substring $T$ of (consecutive symbols) $S$ has the property $-2 \leq @(T) \leq 2$. (Thus $XOOXOOX$ is not balanced since it contains the sub-string $OOXOO$ whose $@$-value is $-3$.) Find, with proof, the number of balanced strings of length $n$.

Call a subset $A$ of the cyclic group $(\mathbb{Z}_n,+)$ [i]rich[/i] if for all $x,y \in \mathbb{Z}_n$ there exists $r \in \mathbb{Z}_n$ such that $x-r,x+r,y-r,y+r$ are all in $A$. For what $\alpha$ is there a constant $C_\alpha>0$ such that for each odd positive integer $n$, every rich subset $A \subset \mathbb{Z}_n$ has at least $C_\alpha n^\alpha$ elements?

Find all the natural $n$ and $k$ such that $n^n$ has $k$ digits and $k^k$ has $n$ digits.

Describe the region $R$ consisting of the points $(a,b)$ of the cartesian plane for which both (possibly complex) roots of the polynomial $z^2+az+b$ have absolute value smaller than $1$.

On an infinite chessboard, a solitaire game is played as follows: at the start, we have $n^2$ pieces occupying a square of side $n.$ The only allowed move is to jump over an occupied square to an unoccupied one, and the piece which has been jumped over is removed. For which $n$ can the game end with only one piece remaining on the board?

Prove that there are infinitely many positive integers $n$ such that $$3^{(n-2)^{n-1}-1} -1\vdots 17n^2$$ (I. Bliznets)

In an office at various times during the day, the boss gives the secretary a letter to type, each time putting the letter on top of the pile in the secretary's in-box. When there is time, the secretary takes the top letter off the pile and types it. There are nine letters to be typed during the day, and the boss delivers them in the order 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. While leaving for lunch, the secretary tells a colleague that letter 8 has already been typed, but says nothing else about the morning's typing. The colleague wonder which of the nine letters remain to be typed after lunch and in what order they will be typed. Based upon the above information, how many such after-lunch typing orders are possible? (That there are no letters left to be typed is one of the possibilities.)