Olympiad problems

2024 German National Olympiad, 2

Six quadratic mirrors are put together to form a cube $ABCDEFGH$ with a mirrored interior. At each of the eight vertices, there is a tiny hole through which a laser beam can enter and leave the cube. A laser beam enters the cube at vertex $A$ in a direction not parallel to any of the cube's sides. If the beam hits a side, it is reflected; if it hits an edge, the light is absorbed, and if it hits a vertex, it leaves the cube. For each positive integer $n$, determine the set of vertices where the laser beam can leave the cube after exactly $n$ reflections.

2015 Oral Moscow Geometry Olympiad, 4

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , equal angles , Tangents , midpoints

In triangle $ABC$, point $M$ is the midpoint of $BC, P$ is the intersection point of the tangents at points $B$ and $C$ of the circumscribed circle, $N$ is the midpoint of the segment $MP$. The segment $AN$ intersects the circumscribed circle at point $Q$. Prove that $\angle PMQ = \angle MAQ$.

1996 All-Russian Olympiad, 1

Tags: geometry , geometric transformation , reflection , extremal principle , number theory proposed , number theory

Can the number obtained by writing the numbers from 1 to $n$ in order ($n > 1$) be the same when read left-to-right and right-to-left? [i]N. Agakhanov[/i]

2010 Contests, 1

Tags: modular arithmetic , logarithms , number theory proposed , number theory

Prove that $ 7^{2^{20}} + 7^{2^{19}} + 1 $ has at least $ 21 $ distinct prime divisors.

2012 Tournament of Towns, 7

Tags: combinatorics

Konstantin has a pile of $100$ pebbles. In each move, he chooses a pile and splits it into two smaller ones until he gets $100 $ piles each with a single pebble. (a) Prove that at some point, there are $30$ piles containing a total of exactly $60$ pebbles. (b) Prove that at some point, there are $20$ piles containing a total of exactly $60$ pebbles. (c) Prove that Konstantin may proceed in such a way that at no point, there are $19$ piles containing a total of exactly $60$ pebbles.

1962 AMC 12/AHSME, 15

Tags: conics , parabola , ellipse , analytic geometry , ratio

Given triangle $ ABC$ with base $ AB$ fixed in length and position. As the vertex $ C$ moves on a straight line, the intersection point of the three medians moves on: $ \textbf{(A)}\ \text{a circle} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \text{a parabola} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \text{an ellipse} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \text{a straight line} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \text{a curve here not listed}$

2022 BMT, 11

Tags: number theory

Kylie is trying to count to $202250$. However, this would take way too long, so she decides to only write down positive integers from $1$ to $202250$, inclusive, that are divisible by $125$. How many times does she write down the digit $2$?

2021 Saudi Arabia Training Tests, 11

Tags: IGO , Iran , geometry

Three circles $\omega_1,\omega_2,\omega_3$ are tangent to line $l$ at points $A,B,C$ ($B$ lies between $A,C$) and $\omega_2$ is externally tangent to the other two. Let $X,Y$ be the intersection points of $\omega_2$ with the other common external tangent of $\omega_1,\omega_3$. The perpendicular line through $B$ to $l$ meets $\omega_2$ again at $Z$. Prove that the circle with diameter $AC$ touches $ZX,ZY$. [i]Proposed by Iman Maghsoudi - Siamak Ahmadpour[/i]

2014 VJIMC, Problem 1

Tags: complex numbers , algebra

Find all complex numbers $z$ such that $|z^3+2-2i|+z\overline z|z|=2\sqrt2.$

1976 Poland - Second Round, 4

Tags: geometry , Concyclic

Inside the circle $ S $ there is a circle $ T $ and circles $ K_1, K_2, \ldots, K_n $ tangent externally to $ T $ and internally to $ S $, and the circle $ K_1 $ is tangent to $ K_2 $, $ K_2 $ tangent to $ K_3 $ etc. Prove that the points of tangency of the circles $ K_1 $ with $ K_2 $, $ K_2 $ with $ K_3 $ etc. lie on the circle.

2015 ASDAN Math Tournament, 9

Tags: 2015 , Guts Test

Compute the sum of the digits of $101^6$.

2007 Purple Comet Problems, 10

Tags:

Tom can run to Beth's house in $63$ minutes. Beth can run to Tom's house in $84$ minutes. At noon Tom starts running from his house toward Beth's house while at the same time Beth starts running from her house toward Tom's house. When they meet, they both run at Beth's speed back to Beth's house. At how many minutes after noon will they arrive at Beth's house?

2005 Putnam, B5

Tags: Putnam , algebra , polynomial , calculus , derivative , system of equations , college contests

Let $P(x_1,\dots,x_n)$ denote a polynomial with real coefficients in the variables $x_1,\dots,x_n,$ and suppose that (a) $\left(\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1^2}+\cdots+\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_n^2} \right)P(x_1,\dots,x_n)=0$ (identically) and that (b) $x_1^2+\cdots+x_n^2$ divides $P(x_1,\dots,x_n).$ Show that $P=0$ identically.

1991 Arnold's Trivium, 75

Tags:

On account of the annual fluctuation of temperature the ground at the town of Ν freezes to a depth of 2 metres. To what depth would it freeze on account of a daily fluctuation of the same amplitude?

2011 Bosnia Herzegovina Team Selection Test, 3

Tags: trigonometry , geometry , geometric transformation , homothety , geometry proposed

In quadrilateral $ABCD$ sides $AD$ and $BC$ aren't parallel. Diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ intersect in $E$. $F$ and $G$ are points on sides $AB$ and $DC$ such $\frac{AF}{FB}=\frac{DG}{GC}=\frac{AD}{BC}$ Prove that if $E, F, G$ are collinear then $ABCD$ is cyclic.

1976 AMC 12/AHSME, 14

Tags: AMC

The measures of the interior angles of a convex polygon are in arithmetic progression. If the smallest angle is $100^\circ$, and the largest is $140^\circ$, then the number of sides the polygon has is $\textbf{(A) }6\qquad\textbf{(B) }8\qquad\textbf{(C) }10\qquad\textbf{(D) }11\qquad \textbf{(E) }12$

2013 Middle European Mathematical Olympiad, 7

Tags: quadratics , ceiling function , number theory proposed , number theory

The numbers from 1 to $ 2013^2 $ are written row by row into a table consisting of $ 2013 \times 2013 $ cells. Afterwards, all columns and all rows containing at least one of the perfect squares $ 1, 4, 9, \cdots, 2013^2 $ are simultaneously deleted. How many cells remain?

2011 Greece Junior Math Olympiad, 4

Tags: inequalities

If $x, y, z$ are positive real numbers with sum $12$, prove that $\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+ 3 \ge \sqrt{x} +\sqrt{y }+\sqrt{z}$. When equality is valid?

2021 Dutch IMO TST, 4

Tags: combinatorics , dominos

On a rectangular board with $m \times n$ squares ($m, n \ge 3$) there are dominoes ($2 \times 1$ or $1\times 2$ tiles), which do not overlap and do not extend beyond the board. Every domino covers exactly two squares of the board. Assume that the dominos cover the has the property that no more dominos can be added to the board and that the four corner spaces of the board are not all empty. Prove that at least $2/3$ of the squares of the board are covered with dominos.

2017 Danube Mathematical Olympiad, 4

Tags: combinatorics , abstract algebra , absolute value

Let us have an infinite grid of unit squares. We write in every unit square a real number, such that the absolute value of the sum of the numbers from any $n*n$ square is less or equal than $1$. Prove that the absolute value of the sum of the numbers from any $m*n$ rectangular is less or equal than $4$.

KoMaL A Problems 2017/2018, A. 708

Tags: algebra , komal

Let $S$ be a finite set of rational numbers. For each positive integer $k$, let $b_k=0$ if we can select $k$ (not necessarily distinct) numbers in $S$ whose sum is $0$, and $b_k=1$ otherwise. Prove that the binary number $0.b_1b_2b_3…$ is a rational number. Would this statement remain true if we allowed $S$ to be infinite?