This website contains problems from math contests. Problems and corresponding tags were obtained from the Art of Problem Solving website.

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Found problems: 1187

Thin and Fat eat a pizza of $2n$ pieces. Each piece contains a distinct amount of olives between $1$ and $2n$. Thin eats the first piece, and the two players alternately eat a piece neighbor of an eaten piece. However, neither Thin nor Fat like olives, so they will choose pieces that minimizes the total amount of olives they eat. For each arrangement $\sigma$ of the olives, let $s(\sigma)$ the minimal amount of olives that Thin can eat, considering that both play in the best way possible. Let $S(n)$ the maximum of $s(\sigma)$, considering all arrangements. $a)$ Prove that $n^2-1+\lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor \le S(n) \le n^2+\lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor$ $b)$ Prove that $S(n)=n^2-1+\frac{n}{2}$ for each even n.
Calculate $\displaystyle{\sum_{n=1}^\infty\left(\lfloor\sqrt[n]{2010}\rfloor-1\right)}$ where $\lfloor x\rfloor$ is the largest integer less than or equal to $x$.
Given $\lambda^3 - 2\lambda^2- 1 = 0$ for some real $\lambda$ prove that $[\lambda[\lambda[\lambda n]]] - n$ is odd for any positive integer $n$ . (I Voronovich)
If $a, b, c$ are real numbers such that $a+b+c=6$ and $ab+bc+ca = 9$, find the sum of all possible values of the expression $\lfloor a \rfloor + \lfloor b \rfloor + \lfloor c \rfloor$.
Suppose that \[x_1+1=x_2+2=x_3+3=\cdots=x_{2008}+2008=x_1+x_2+x_3+\cdots+x_{2008}+2009.\] Find the value of $\left\lfloor|S|\right\rfloor$, where $S=\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{2008}x_n$.
Let $-2 < x_1 < 2$ be a real number and define $x_2, x_3, \ldots$ by $x_{n+1} = x_n^2-2$ for $n \geq 1$. Assume that no $x_n$ is $0$ and define a number $A$, $0 \leq A \leq 1$ in the following way: The $n^{\text{th}}$ digit after the decimal point in the binary representation of $A$ is a $0$ if $x_1x_2\cdots x_n$ is positive and $1$ otherwise. Prove that $A = \frac{1}{\pi}\cos^{-1}\left(\frac{x_1}{2}\right)$. [i]Evan O' Dorney.[/i]
Prove that for all positive integers $n$, \[\lfloor \sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n+2}\rfloor =\lfloor \sqrt{9n+8}\rfloor.\]
In parallelogram $ABCD,$ let $O$ be the intersection of diagonals $\overline{AC}$ and $\overline{BD}.$ Angles $CAB$ and $DBC$ are each twice as large as angle $DBA,$ and angle $ACB$ is $r$ times as large as angle $AOB.$ Find the greatest integer that does not exceed $1000r.$
Find all real numbers $x$, such that: a) $\lfloor x \rfloor + \lfloor 2x \rfloor +...+ \lfloor 2012x \rfloor = 2013$ b) $\lfloor x \rfloor + \lfloor 2x \rfloor +...+ \lfloor 2013x \rfloor = 2014$
Suppose five of the nine vertices of a regular nine-sided polygon are arbitrarily chosen. Show that one can select four among these five such that they are the vertices of a trapezium.
Let $ \alpha$ be the positive root of the equation $ x^2 \minus{} 1989x \minus{} 1 \equal{} 0.$ Prove that there exist infinitely many natural numbers $ n$ that satisfy the equation: \[ \lfloor \alpha n \plus{} 1989 \alpha \lfloor \alpha n \rfloor \rfloor \equal{} 1989n \plus{} \left( 1989^2 \plus{} 1 \right) \lfloor \alpha n \rfloor.\]
Find the greatest integer less than the number $1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\cdots+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1000000}}$
In this question you must make all numbers of a clock, each with using 2, exactly 3 times and Mathematical symbols. You are not allowed to use English alphabets and words like $ \sin$ or $ \lim$ or $ a,b$ and no other digits. [img]http://i2.tinypic.com/5x73dza.png[/img]
Let be a natural number $ n\ge 3. $ Solve the equation $ \lfloor x/n \rfloor =\lfloor x-n \rfloor $ in $ \mathbb{R} . $ [i]Constantin Nicolau[/i]
Solve the equation: $[\sqrt x+\sqrt{x+1}]+[\sqrt {4x+2}]=18$
Prove that the set $S=\{\lfloor n\pi\rfloor \mid n=0,1,2,3,\ldots\}$ contains arithmetic progressions of any finite length, but no infinite arithmetic progressions. [i]Vasile Pop[/i]
Find all positive integers $n$ such that there exist a permutation $\sigma$ on the set $\{1,2,3, \ldots, n\}$ for which \[\sqrt{\sigma(1)+\sqrt{\sigma(2)+\sqrt{\ldots+\sqrt{\sigma(n-1)+\sqrt{\sigma(n)}}}}}\] is a rational number.
Find all positive integers \(k\) for which there is an irrational \(\alpha>1\) and a positive integer \(N\) such that \(\left\lfloor\alpha^{n}\right\rfloor\) is a perfect square minus \(k\) for every integer \(n\) with \(n>N\).
Find the number of positive integers $x$ such that \[ \left[ \frac{x}{99} \right] = \left[ \frac{x}{101} \right] . \]
Let $f(n) = \sum^n_{d=1} \left\lfloor \frac{n}{d} \right\rfloor$ and $g(n) = f(n) -f(n - 1)$. For how many $n$ from $1$ to $100$ inclusive is $g(n)$ even?
Prove that among the elements of the sequence $\left( \left\lfloor n \sqrt 2 \right\rfloor + \left\lfloor n \sqrt 3 \right\rfloor \right)_{n \geq 0}$ are an infinity of even numbers and an infinity of odd numbers.
A rational number $ x$ is called [i]good[/i] if it satisfies: $ x\equal{}\frac{p}{q}>1$ with $ p$, $ q$ being positive integers, $ \gcd (p,q)\equal{}1$ and there exists constant numbers $ \alpha$, $ N$ such that for any integer $ n\geq N$, \[ |\{x^n\}\minus{}\alpha|\leq\dfrac{1}{2(p\plus{}q)}\] Find all the good numbers.
Let $ A_n $ be the set of partitions of the sequence $ 1,2,..., n $ into several subsequences such that every two neighbouring terms of each subsequence have different parity,and $ B_n $ the set of partitions of the sequence $ 1,2,..., n $ into several subsequences such that all the terms of each subsequence have the same parity ( for example,the partition $ {(1,4,5,8),(2,3),(6,9),(7)} $ is an element of $ A_9 $,and the partition $ {(1,3,5),(2,4),(6)} $ is an element of $ B_6 $ ). Prove that for every positive integer $ n $ the sets $ A_n $ and $ B_{n+1} $ contain the same number of elements.
Find all numbers $n$ that can be expressed in the form $n=k+2\lfloor\sqrt{k}\rfloor+2$ for some nonnegative integer $k$.
Let $N$ be a natural number and $x_1, \ldots , x_n$ further natural numbers less than $N$ and such that the least common multiple of any two of these $n$ numbers is greater than $N$. Prove that the sum of the reciprocals of these $n$ numbers is always less than $2$: $\sum^n_{i=1} \frac{1}{x_i} < 2.$