Let $\vartriangle ABC$ have sidelengths $BC = 7$, $CA = 8$, and, $AB = 9$, and let $\Omega$ denote the circumcircle of $\vartriangle ABC$. Let circles $\omega_A$, $\omega_B$, $\omega_C$ be internally tangent to the minor arcs $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ of $\Omega$, respectively, and tangent to the segments $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ at points $X$, $Y$, and, $Z$, respectively. Suppose that $\frac{BX}{XC} = \frac{CY}{Y A} = \frac{AZ}{ZB} = \frac12$ . Let $t_{AB}$ be the length of the common external tangent of $\omega_A$ and $\omega_B$, let $t_{BC}$ be the length of the common external tangent of $\omega_B$ and $\omega_C$, and let $t_{CA}$ be the length of the common external tangent of $\omega_C$ and $\omega_A$. If $t_{AB} + t_{BC} + t_{CA}$ can be expressed as $\frac{m}{n}$ for relatively prime positive integers $m, n$, find $m + n$.

Prove the following: a) If $ABCA'B'C'$ is a right prism and $M \in (BC), N \in (CA), P \in (AB)$ such that $A'M, B'N$ and $C'P$ are perpendicular each other and concurrent, then the prism $ABCA'B'C'$ is regular. b) If $ABCA'B'C'$ is a regular prism and $\frac{AA'}{AB}=\frac{\sqrt6}{4}$ , then there are $M \in (BC), N \in (CA), P \in (AB)$ so that the lines $A'M, B'N$ and $C'P$ are perpendicular each other and concurrent.

Given a triangle $ABC.$ The incircle $(I)$ of $\triangle ABC$ touch the sides $CA,AB$ at $E,F.$ A point $P$ moving on the segment $EF$. The line $PB$ intersects $CA$ at $M$; the line $MI$ intersects the line passing through $C$ and perpendicular to $AC$ at $N.$ Prove that: if $P$ is moving, the line passing through $N$ and perpendicular to $PC$ always passes a fixed point.

Let $AXYZB$ be a convex pentagon inscribed in a semicircle of diameter $AB$. Denote by $P$, $Q$, $R$, $S$ the feet of the perpendiculars from $Y$ onto lines $AX$, $BX$, $AZ$, $BZ$, respectively. Prove that the acute angle formed by lines $PQ$ and $RS$ is half the size of $\angle XOZ$, where $O$ is the midpoint of segment $AB$.

In a rectangle $ABCD$ be a rectangle and $BC = 2AB$, let $E$ be the midpoint of $BC$ and $P$ an arbitrary inner point of $AD$. Let $F$ and $G$ be the feet of perpendiculars drawn correspondingly from $A$ to $BP$ and from $D$ to $CP$. Prove that the points $E,F,P,G$ are concyclic.

Point $E$ is on side $CD$ of rectangle $ABCD$ such that $\frac{CE}{DE} =\frac{2}{5}.$ If the area of triangle $BCE$ is $30$, what is the area of rectangle $ABCD$?

There are $N{}$ points marked on the plane. Any three of them form a triangle, the values of the angles of which in are expressed in natural numbers (in degrees). What is the maximum $N{}$ for which this is possible? [i]Proposed by E. Bakaev[/i]

A circle of radius $5$ is inscribed in a rectangle as shown. The ratio of the the length of the rectangle to its width is $2\ :\ 1$. What is the area of the rectangle? [asy] draw((0,0)--(0,10)--(20,10)--(20,0)--cycle); draw(circle((10,5),5)); [/asy] $ \textbf{(A)}\ 50\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 100\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 125\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 150\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 200 $

Each of $n$ black squares and $n$ white squares can be obtained by a translation from each other. Every two squares of different colours have a common point. Prove that ther is a point belonging at least to $n$ squares. [i](V. Dolnikov)[/i]

Let $O$ be the circumcenter of an acute-angled triangle $ABC$ with ${\angle B<\angle C}$. The line $AO$ meets the side $BC$ at $D$. The circumcenters of the triangles $ABD$ and $ACD$ are $E$ and $F$, respectively. Extend the sides $BA$ and $CA$ beyond $A$, and choose on the respective extensions points $G$ and $H$ such that ${AG=AC}$ and ${AH=AB}$. Prove that the quadrilateral $EFGH$ is a rectangle if and only if ${\angle ACB-\angle ABC=60^{\circ }}$. [i]Proposed by Hojoo Lee, Korea[/i]

Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle $\Omega.$ Let the tangent to $\Omega$ at $D$ meet rays $BA$ and $BC$ at $E$ and $F,$ respectively. A point $T$ is chosen inside $\triangle ABC$ so that $\overline{TE}\parallel\overline{CD}$ and $\overline{TF}\parallel\overline{AD}.$ Let $K\ne D$ be a point on segment $DF$ satisfying $TD=TK.$ Prove that lines $AC,DT,$ and $BK$ are concurrent.

Let $ABCD$ be a given convex quadrilateral in a plane. Prove that there exist a line with four different points $P,Q,R,S$ on it and a square $A’B’C’D’$ such that $P$ lies on both line $AB$ and $A’B’,$ $Q$ lies on both line $BC$ and $B’C’,$ $R$ lies on both line $CD$ and $C’D’,$ $S$ lies on both line $DA$ and $D’A’.$

Acute triangle $ABC$ has altitudes $AD$, $BE$, and $CF$. Point $D$ is projected onto $AB$ and $AC$ to points $D_c$ and $D_b$ respectively. Likewise, $E$ is projected to $E_a$ on $BC$ and $E_c$ on $AB$, and $F$ is projected to $F_a$ on $BC$ and $F_b$ on $AC$. Lines $D_bD_c$, $E_cE_a$, $F_aF_b$ bound a triangle of area $T_1$, and lines $E_cF_b$, $D_bE_a$, $F_aD_c$ bound a triangle of area $T_2$. What is the smallest possible value of the ratio $T_2/T_1$?

Suppose that you are given the foot of the altitude from vertex $A$ of a scalene triangle $ABC$, the midpoint of the arc with endpoints $B$ and $C$, not containing $A$ of the circumscribed circle of $ABC$, and also a third point $P$. Construct the triangle from these three points if $P$ is the a) orthocenter b) centroid c) incenter of the triangle.

Area of convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ is $1$. Prove that we can find four points on its side (vertex included) or inside, satisfying: area of triangles comprised of any three points of the four points is larger than $\frac{1}{4}$.

In the $xyz$-plane given points $P,\ Q$ on the planes $z=2,\ z=1$ respectively. Let $R$ be the intersection point of the line $PQ$ and the $xy$-plane. (1) Let $P(0,\ 0,\ 2)$. When the point $Q$ moves on the perimeter of the circle with center $(0,\ 0,\ 1)$ , radius 1 on the plane $z=1$, find the equation of the locus of the point $R$. (2) Take 4 points $A(1,\ 1,\ 1) , B(1,-1,\ 1), C(-1,-1,\ 1)$ and $D(-1,\ 1,\ 1)$ on the plane $z=2$. When the point $P$ moves on the perimeter of the circle with center $(0,\ 0,\ 2)$ , radius 1 on the plane $z=2$ and the point $Q$ moves on the perimeter of the square $ABCD$, draw the domain swept by the point $R$ on the $xy$-plane, then find the area.

Consider a trapezium $AB \Gamma \Delta$, where $A\Delta \parallel B\Gamma$ and $\measuredangle A = 120^{\circ}$. Let $E$ be the midpoint of $AB$ and let $O_1$ and $O_2$ be the circumcenters of triangles $AE \Delta$ and $BE\Gamma$, respectively. Prove that the area of the trapezium is equal to six time the area of the triangle $O_1 E O_2$.

Find the smallest positive integer $n$ such that a cube with sides of length $n$ can be divided up into exactly $2007$ smaller cubes, each of whose sides is of integer length.

Determine the number of positive odd and even factor of $ 5^6\minus{}1$.

In a $2^n \times 2^n$ square with $n$ positive integer is covered with at least two non-overlapping rectangle pieces with integer dimensions and a power of two as surface. Prove that two rectangles of the covering have the same dimensions (Two rectangles have the same dimensions as they have the same width and the same height, wherein they, not allowed to be rotated.)

Let the midline of $\triangle ABC$ parallel to $BC$ intersect the circumcircle $\Gamma$ of $\triangle ABC$ at $P$, $Q$, and the tangent of $\Gamma$ at $A$ intersects $BC$ at $T$. Show that $\measuredangle BTQ = \measuredangle PTA$.

[i]20 problems for 20 minutes.[/i] [b]p1.[/b] Evaluate $=\frac{1}{2 \cdot 3 \cdot 4}+\frac{1}{3 \cdot 4 \cdot 5}$. [b]p2.[/b] A regular hexagon and a regular $n$-sided polygon have the same perimeter. If the ratio of the side length of the hexagon to the side length of the $n$-sided polygon is $2 : 1$, what is $n$? [b]p3.[/b] How many nonzero digits are there in the decimal representation of $2 \cdot 10\cdot 500 \cdot 2500$? [b]p4.[/b] When the numerator of a certain fraction is increased by $2012$, the value of the fraction increases by $2$. What is the denominator of the fraction? [b]p5.[/b] Sam did the computation $1 - 10 \cdot a + 22$, where $a$ is some real number, except he messed up his order of operations and computed the multiplication last; that is, he found the value of $(1 - 10) \cdot (a + 22)$ instead. Luckily, he still ended up with the right answer. What is $a$? [b]p6.[/b] Let $n! = n \cdot(n-1) \cdot\cdot\cdot 2 \cdot 1$. For how many integers $n$ between $1$ and $100$ inclusive is $n!$ divisible by $36$? [b]p7.[/b] Simplify the expression $\sqrt{\frac{3 \cdot 27^3}{27 \cdot 3^3}}$ [b]p8.[/b] Four points $A,B,C,D$ lie on a line in that order such that $\frac{AB}{CB}=\frac{AD}{CD}$ . Let $M$ be the midpoint of segment $AC$. If $AB = 6$, $BC = 2$, compute $MB \cdot MD$. [b]p9.[/b] Allan has a deck with $8$ cards, numbered $1$, $1$, $2$, $2$, $3$, $3$, $4$, $4$. He pulls out cards without replacement, until he pulls out an even numbered card, and then he stops. What is the probability that he pulls out exactly $2$ cards? [b]p10.[/b] Starting from the sequence $(3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ... )$, one applies the following operation repeatedly. In each operation, we change the sequence $$(a_1, a_2, a_3, ... , a_{a_1-1}, a_{a_1} , a_{a_1+1},...)$$ to the sequence $$(a_2, a_3, ... , a_{a_1} , a_1, a_{a_1+1}, ...) .$$ (In other words, for a sequence starting with$ x$, we shift each of the next $x-1$ term to the left by one, and put x immediately to the right of these numbers, and keep the rest of the terms unchanged. For example, after one operation, the sequence is $(4, 5, 3, 6, 7, 8, ... )$, and after two operations, the sequence becomes $(5, 3, 6, 4, 7, 8,... )$. How many operations will it take to obtain a sequence of the form $(7, ... )$ (that is, a sequence starting with $7$)? [b]p11.[/b] How many ways are there to place $4$ balls into a $4\times 6$ grid such that no column or row has more than one ball in it? (Rotations and reflections are considered distinct.) [b]p12.[/b] Point $P$ lies inside triangle $ABC$ such that $\angle PBC = 30^o$ and $\angle PAC = 20^o$. If $\angle APB$ is a right angle, find the measure of $\angle BCA$ in degrees. [b]p13.[/b] What is the largest prime factor of $9^3 - 4^3$? [b]p14.[/b] Joey writes down the numbers $1$ through $10$ and crosses one number out. He then adds the remaining numbers. What is the probability that the sum is less than or equal to $47$? [b]p15.[/b] In the coordinate plane, a lattice point is a point whose coordinates are integers. There is a pile of grass at every lattice point in the coordinate plane. A certain cow can only eat piles of grass that are at most $3$ units away from the origin. How many piles of grass can she eat? [b]p16.[/b] A book has 1000 pages numbered $1$, $2$, $...$ , $1000$. The pages are numbered so that pages $1$ and $2$ are back to back on a single sheet, pages $3$ and $4$ are back to back on the next sheet, and so on, with pages $999$ and $1000$ being back to back on the last sheet. How many pairs of pages that are back to back (on a single sheet) share no digits in the same position? (For example, pages $9$ and $10$, and pages $89$ and $90$.) [b]p17.[/b] Find a pair of integers $(a, b)$ for which $\frac{10^a}{a!}=\frac{10^b}{b!}$ and $a < b$. [b]p18.[/b] Find all ordered pairs $(x, y)$ of real numbers satisfying $$\begin{cases} -x^2 + 3y^2 - 5x + 7y + 4 = 0 \\ 2x^2 - 2y^2 - x + y + 21 = 0 \end{cases}$$ [b]p19.[/b] There are six blank fish drawn in a line on a piece of paper. Lucy wants to color them either red or blue, but will not color two adjacent fish red. In how many ways can Lucy color the fish? [b]p20.[/b] There are sixteen $100$-gram balls and sixteen $99$-gram balls on a table (the balls are visibly indistinguishable). You are given a balance scale with two sides that reports which side is heavier or that the two sides have equal weights. A weighing is defined as reading the result of the balance scale: For example, if you place three balls on each side, look at the result, then add two more balls to each side, and look at the result again, then two weighings have been performed. You wish to pick out two different sets of balls (from the $32$ balls) with equal numbers of balls in them but different total weights. What is the minimal number of weighings needed to ensure this? PS. You should use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

Let $ ABCD$ be a (not self-intersecting) quadrilateral satisfying $ \measuredangle DAB \equal{} \measuredangle BCD\neq 90^{\circ}$. Let $ X$ and $ Y$ be the orthogonal projections of the point $ D$ on the lines $ AB$ and $ BC$, and let $ Z$ and $ W$ be the orthogonal projections of the point $ B$ on the lines $ CD$ and $ DA$. Establish the following facts: [b]a)[/b] The quadrilateral $ XYZW$ is an isosceles trapezoid such that $ XY\parallel ZW$. [b]b)[/b] Let $ M$ be the midpoint of the segment $ AC$. Then, the lines $ XZ$ and $ YW$ pass through the point $ M$. [b]c)[/b] Let $ N$ be the midpoint of the segment $ BD$, and let $ X^{\prime}$, $ Y^{\prime}$, $ Z^{\prime}$, $ W^{\prime}$ be the midpoints of the segments $ AB$, $ BC$, $ CD$, $ DA$. Then, the point $ M$ lies on the circumcircles of the triangles $ W^{\prime}X^{\prime}N$ and $ Y^{\prime}Z^{\prime}N$. [hide="Notice"][i]Notice.[/i] This problem has been discussed at http://www.mathlinks.ro/Forum/viewtopic.php?t=172417 .[/hide]

A block $Z$ is formed by gluing one face of a solid cube with side length 6 onto one of the circular faces of a right circular cylinder with radius $10$ and height $3$ so that the centers of the square and circle coincide. If $V$ is the smallest convex region that contains Z, calculate $\lfloor\operatorname{vol}V\rfloor$ (the greatest integer less than or equal to the volume of $V$).

Let $ABC$ be an arbitrary triangle. A regular $n$-gon is constructed outward on the three sides of $\triangle ABC$. Find all $n$ such that the triangle formed by the three centres of the $n$-gons is equilateral.