Determine the least real number $ a$ greater than $ 1$ such that for any point $ P$ in the interior of the square $ ABCD$, the area ratio between two of the triangles $ PAB$, $ PBC$, $ PCD$, $ PDA$ lies in the interval $ \left[\frac {1}{a},a\right]$.

Given is a function $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that $|f(x+y)-f(x)-f(y)|\leq 1$. Prove the existence of an additive function $g:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ (that is $g(x+y)=g(x)+g(y)$) such that $|f(x)-g(x)|\leq 1$ for any $x \in \mathbb{R}$

In assigning dormitory rooms, a college gives preference to pairs of students in this order: $$AA,\, AB ,\, AC, \, BB , \, BC ,\, AD , \, CC, \, BD, \, CD, \, DD$$ in which $AA$ means two seniors, $AB$ means a senior and a junior, etc. Determine numerical values to assign to $A,B,C$ and $D$ so that the set of numbers $A+A, A+B, A+C, B+B, \ldots $ corresponding to the order above will be in descending order. Find the general solution and the solution in least positive integers.

What is the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the sum $a_1 + 2a_2 + 3a_3 + 4a_4 + 5a_5$ where $\{a_1,a_2,a_3,a_4,a_5\} = \{1,2,3,4,5\}$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 20 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 15 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 10 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 5 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 0 $

If $0=x_{1}<x_{2}<...<x_{2n+1}=1$ are real numbers with $x_{i+1}-x_{i} \leq h$ for $1 \leq i \leq 2n$, show that $\frac{1-h}{2}<\sum_{i=1}^{n}{x_{2i}(x_{2i+1}-x_{2i-1})}\leq \frac{1+h}{2}$

Let $f: [0,1] \to (0, \infty)$ be an integrable function such that $f(x)f(1-x) = 1$ for all $x\in [0,1]$. Prove that $\int_0^1f(x)dx \geq 1$.

Let $T_1$ be a triangle with sides $2011, 2012,$ and $2013$. For $n \ge 1$, if $T_n=\triangle ABC$ and $D,E,$ and $F$ are the points of tangency of the incircle of $\triangle ABC$ to the sides $AB,BC$ and $AC$, respectively, then $T_{n+1}$ is a triangle with side lengths $AD,BE,$ and $CF$, if it exists. What is the perimeter of the last triangle in the sequence $(T_n)$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ \frac{1509}{8} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \frac{1509}{32} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \frac{1509}{64} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \frac{1509}{128} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \frac{1509}{256} $

If $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ are angles whose measures in radians belong to the interval $\left[0, \frac{\pi}{2}\right]$ such that: $$\sin^2 \alpha + \sin^2 \beta + \sin^2 \gamma = 1$$ calculate the minimum possible value of $\cos \alpha + \cos \beta + \cos \gamma$.

The velocities of a submerged and surfaced submarine are, respectively, $v$ and $kv$. It is situated at a point $P$ at $30$ miles from the center $O$ of a circle of $60$ mile radius. The surveillance of an enemy squadron forces him to navigate submerged while inside the circle. Discuss, according to the values of $k$, the fastest path to move to the opposite end of the diameter that passes through $P$ . (Consider the case particular $k =\sqrt5$.)

Set $\mathbb Q_1=\{x\in\mathbb Q\mid x\ge1\}$. Suppose that a function $f:\mathbb Q_1\to\mathbb R$ satisfies the inequality $\left|f(x+y)-f(x)-f(y)\right|<\epsilon$ for all $x,y\in\mathbb Q_1$, where $\epsilon>0$ is given. Prove that there exists a real number $q$ such that $$\left|\frac{f(x)}x-q\right|<2\epsilon\qquad\text{for all }x\in\mathbb Q_1.$$

„œ‚Find all continuous functions $ f: \mathbb{R}\to [1,\infty)$ for wich there exists $ a\in\mathbb{R}$ and a positive integer $ k$ such that \[ f(x)f(2x)\cdot...\cdot f(nx)\leq an^k\] for all real $ x$ and all positive integers $ n$. [i]author :Radu Gologan[/i]

The roots of the equation $ax^2 - 4bx + 4c = 0$ with $ a > 0$ belong to interval $[2, 3]$. Prove that: a) $a \le b \le c < a + b.$ b) $\frac{a}{a+c} + \frac{b}{b+a} > \frac{c}{b+c} .$

For any natural number $n$, expressed in base $10$, let $S(n)$ denote the sum of all digits of $n$. Find all natural numbers $n$ such that $n=2S(n)^2$.

a) Prove that for all positive reals $u,v,x,y$ the following inequality takes place: \[ \frac ux + \frac vy \geq \frac {4(uy+vx)}{(x+y)^2} . \] b) Let $a,b,c,d>0$. Prove that \[ \frac a{b+2c+d} + \frac b{c+2d+a} + \frac c{d+2a+b} + \frac d{a+2b+c} \geq 1.\] [i]Traian Tămâian[/i]

Proof that $$ \sum_{m=1}^n5^{\omega (m)} \le \sum_{k=1}^n\lfloor \frac{n}{k} \rfloor \tau (k)^2 \le \sum_{m=1}^n5^{\Omega (m)} .$$

Positive real numbers $a, b, c$ satisfy $\frac{1}{a} +\frac{1}{b} +\frac{1}{c} = 3.$ Prove the inequality \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^3+ b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^3 + c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^3 + a}}\leq \frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}.\]

Let $B$ be a set of more than $\tfrac{2^{n+1}}{n}$ distinct points with coordinates of the form $(\pm 1, \pm 1, \cdots, \pm 1)$ in $n$-dimensional space with $n \ge 3$. Show that there are three distinct points in $B$ which are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.

Let $m,\ n$ be positive integer such that $2\leq m<n$. (1) Prove the inequality as follows. \[\frac{n+1-m}{m(n+1)}<\frac{1}{m^2}+\frac{1}{(m+1)^2}+\cdots +\frac{1}{(n-1)^2}+\frac{1}{n^2}<\frac{n+1-m}{n(m-1)}\] (2) Prove the inequality as follows. \[\frac 32\leq \lim_{n\to\infty} \left(1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\leq 2\] (3) Prove the inequality which is made precisely in comparison with the inequality in (2) as follows. \[\frac {29}{18}\leq \lim_{n\to\infty} \left(1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\leq \frac{61}{36}\]

Prove for the sidelengths $a,b,c$ of a triangle $ABC$ the inequality $\frac{a^3}{b+c-a}+\frac{b^3}{c+a-b}+\frac{c^3}{a+b-c}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2$

Let be given a convex polygon $ M_0M_1\ldots M_{2n}$ ($ n\ge 1$), where $ 2n \plus{} 1$ points $ M_0$, $ M_1$, $ \ldots$, $ M_{2n}$ lie on a circle $ (C)$ with diameter $ R$ in an anticlockwise direction. Suppose that there is a point $ A$ inside this convex polygon such that $ \angle M_0AM_1$, $ \angle M_1AM_2$, $ \ldots$, $ \angle M_{2n \minus{} 1}AM_{2n}$, $ \angle M_{2n}AM_0$ are equal. Assume that $ A$ is not coincide with the center of the circle $ (C)$ and $ B$ be a point lies on $ (C)$ such that $ AB$ is perpendicular to the diameter of $ (C)$ passes through $ A$. Prove that \[ \frac {2n \plus{} 1}{\frac {1}{AM_0} \plus{} \frac {1}{AM_1} \plus{} \cdots \plus{} \frac {1}{AM_{2n}}} < AB < \frac {AM_0 \plus{} AM_1 \plus{} \cdots \plus{} AM_{2n}}{2n \plus{} 1} < R \]

The 2010 positive numbers $a_1, a_2, \ldots , a_{2010}$ satisfy the inequality $a_ia_j \le i+j$ for all distinct indices $i, j$. Determine, with proof, the largest possible value of the product $a_1a_2\ldots a_{2010}$.

Let $m,\ n$ be positive integer such that $2\leq m<n$. (1) Prove the inequality as follows. \[\frac{n+1-m}{m(n+1)}<\frac{1}{m^2}+\frac{1}{(m+1)^2}+\cdots +\frac{1}{(n-1)^2}+\frac{1}{n^2}<\frac{n+1-m}{n(m-1)}\] (2) Prove the inequality as follows. \[\frac 32\leq \lim_{n\to\infty} \left(1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\leq 2\] (3) Prove the inequality which is made precisely in comparison with the inequality in (2) as follows. \[\frac {29}{18}\leq \lim_{n\to\infty} \left(1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\leq \frac{61}{36}\]

Given the positive numbers $a$ and $b$ and the natural number $n$, find the greatest among the $n + 1$ monomials in the binomial expansion of $\left(a+b\right)^n$.

Let ${a_n}$ be a non-increasing sequence of positive numbers. Prove that if for $n \ge 2001$, $na_{n} \le 1$, then for any positive integer $m \ge 2001$ and $x \in \mathbb{R}$, the following inequality holds: $\left | \sum_{k=2001}^{m} a_{k} \sin kx \right | \le 1 + \pi$

Let $n\geq 2$ be an integer. For each natural $m$ and each integer sequence $0<k_1<k_2<\cdots <k_m$ for which $k_1+\cdots+k_m=n$, Michael wrote down the number $\frac{1}{k_1\cdot k_2\cdots k_m} $ on the board. Prove that the sum of the numbers on the board is less than $1$.