This website contains problems from math contests. Problems and corresponding tags were obtained from the Art of Problem Solving website.

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Found problems: 4275

Find all polynomials with real coefficients, for which the equality \[ P(2P(x)) \equal{} 2P(P(x)) \plus{} 2(P(x))^{2}\] holds for any real number $ x$.
4) find all polynom with coeffs a permutation of $[1,...,n]$ and all roots rational
If $3x^3-9x^2+kx-12$ is divisible by $x-3$, then it is also divisible by: ${{ \textbf{(A)}\ 3x^2-x+4 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 3x^2-4 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 3x^2+4 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 3x-4 }\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 3x+4 } $
If $x,y$ are real, then the $\textit{absolute value}$ of the complex number $z=x+yi$ is \[|z|=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}.\] Find the number of polynomials $f(t)=A_0+A_1t+A_2t^2+A_3t^3+t^4$ such that $A_0,\ldots,A_3$ are integers and all roots of $f$ in the complex plane have absolute value $\leq 1$.
Determine the maximum number $ h$ satisfying the following condition: for every $ a\in [0,h]$ and every polynomial $ P(x)$ of degree 99 such that $ P(0)\equal{}P(1)\equal{}0$, there exist $ x_1,x_2\in [0,1]$ such that $ P(x_1)\equal{}P(x_2)$ and $ x_2\minus{}x_1\equal{}a$. [i]Proposed by F. Petrov, D. Rostovsky, A. Khrabrov[/i]
Let $n$ be a positive integer, $1<n<2018$. For each $i=1, 2, \ldots ,n$ we define the polynomial $S_i(x)=x^2-2018x+l_i$, where $l_1, l_2, \ldots, l_n$ are distinct positive integers. If the polynomial $S_1(x)+S_2(x)+\cdots+S_n(x)$ has at least an integer root, prove that at least one of the $l_i$ is greater or equal than $2018$.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with 1. Prove that $R[x]$ has infinitely many maximal ideals.
[b]i.)[/b] The polynomial $x^{2 \cdot k} + 1 + (x+1)^{2 \cdot k}$ is not divisible by $x^2 + x + 1.$ Find the value of $k.$ [b]ii.)[/b] If $p,q$ and $r$ are distinct roots of $x^3 - x^2 + x - 2 = 0$ the find the value of $p^3 + q^3 + r^3.$ [b]iii.)[/b] If $r$ is the remainder when each of the numbers 1059, 1417 and 2312 is divided by $d,$ where $d$ is an integer greater than one, then find the value of $d-r.$ [b]iv.)[/b] What is the smallest positive odd integer $n$ such that the product of \[ 2^{\frac{1}{7}}, 2^{\frac{3}{7}}, \ldots, 2^{\frac{2 \cdot n + 1}{7}} \] is greater than 1000?
$a,b,c$ - different natural numbers. Can we build quadratic polynomial $P(x)=kx^2+lx+m$, with $k,l,m$ are integer, $k>0$ that for some integer points it get values $a^3,b^3,c^3$ ?
Find all polynomials $ p$ of one variable with integer coefficients such that if $ a$ and $ b$ are natural numbers such that $ a \plus{} b$ is a perfect square, then $ p\left(a\right) \plus{} p\left(b\right)$ is also a perfect square.
Let $f(n)=\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}x^ky^{n-1-k}$ with, $x$, $y$ real numbers. If $f(n)$, $f(n+1)$, $f(n+2)$, $f(n+3)$, are integers for some $n$, prove $f(n)$ is integer for all $n$.
Let $ \theta$ be an angle in the interval $ (0,\pi/2)$. Given that $ \cos \theta$ is irrational, and that $ \cos k \theta$ and $ \cos[(k \plus{} 1)\theta ]$ are both rational for some positive integer $ k$, show that $ \theta \equal{} \pi/6$.
Investigate the singular points of the differential form $dt = dx/y$ on the compact Riemann surface $y^2/2 + U(x) = E$, where $U$ is a polynomial and $E$ is not a critical value.
The sequence of polynomials $(a_n)$ is defined by $a_0=0$, $ a_1=x+2$ and $a_n=a_{n-1}+3a_{n-1}a_{n-2} +a_{n-2}$ for $n>1$. (a) Show for all positive integers $k,m$: if $k$ divides $m$ then $a_k$ divides $a_m$. (b) Find all positive integers $n$ such that the sum of the roots of polynomial $a_n$ is an integer.
Find all integers $n$ such that there exists a polynomial $P(x)$ with integer coefficients satisfying $$P(\sqrt[3]{n^2} + \sqrt[3]{ n}) = 2016n + 20\sqrt[3]{n^2} + 16\sqrt[3]{n}$$
Evaluate the product \[(\sqrt 5+\sqrt6+\sqrt7)(-\sqrt 5+\sqrt6+\sqrt7)(\sqrt 5-\sqrt6+\sqrt7)(\sqrt 5+\sqrt6-\sqrt7).\]
A polynomial $w$ of degree $n > 1$ has $n$ distinct zeros $x_1,x_2,...,x_n$. Prove that: $$\frac{1}{w'(x_1)}+\frac{1}{w'(x_2)}+...···+\frac{1}{w'(x_n)}= 0.$$
Find all injective $f:\mathbb{Z}\ge0 \to \mathbb{Z}\ge0 $ that for every natural number $n$ and real numbers $a_0,a_1,...,a_n$ (not everyone equal to $0$), polynomial $\sum_{i=0}^{n}{a_i x^i}$ have real root if and only if $\sum_{i=0}^{n}{a_i x^{f(i)}}$ have real root. [i]Proposed by Hesam Rajabzadeh [/i]
Let the functions $f(\alpha,x)$ and $g(\alpha)$ be defined as \[f(\alpha,x)=\dfrac{(\frac{x}{2})^\alpha}{x-1}\qquad\qquad\qquad g(\alpha)=\,\dfrac{d^4f}{dx^4}|_{x=2}\] Then $g(\alpha)$ is a polynomial is $\alpha$. Find the leading coefficient of $g(\alpha)$.
Prove that if the integers $a_{1}$, $a_{2}$, $\cdots$, $a_{n}$ are all distinct, then the polynomial \[(x-a_{1})^{2}(x-a_{2})^{2}\cdots (x-a_{n})^{2}+1\] cannot be expressed as the product of two nonconstant polynomials with integer coefficients.
1. Baron Munchhausen was told that some polynomial $P(x)=a_{n} x^{n}+\ldots+a_{1} x+a_{0}$ is such that $P(x)+P(-x)$ has exactly 45 distinct real roots. Baron doesn't know the value of $n$. Nevertheless he claims that he can determine one of the coefficients $a_{n}, \ldots, a_{1}, a_{0}$ (indicating its position and value). Isn't Baron mistaken? Boris Frenkin
$a,b,c$ are distinct real roots of $x^3-3x+1=0$. $a^8+b^8+c^8$ is $ \textbf{(A)}\ 156 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 171 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 180 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 186 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 201$
Find all real polynomial functions $f : R \to R$ such that $f(\sin x) = f(\cos x)$.
The polynomials $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ are given. The points $A_1(f(1),g(1)),\ldots,A_n(f(n),g(n))$ are marked on the coordinate plane. It turns out that $A_1\ldots A_n$ is a regular $n{}$-gon. Prove that the degree of at least one of $f{}$ and $g{}$ is at least $n-1$. [i]Proposed by V. Bragin[/i]
Given a polynomial $P$ of degree $2016$ with real coefficients and a quadratic polynomial $Q$ with real coefficients. Is it possible that the roots of the polynomial $P (Q(x))$ are exactly all these numbers: $$-2015, -2014, . . . , -2, -1, 1, 2, . . . , 2016, 2017?$$