Both roots of the quadratic equation $ x^2 \minus{} 63x \plus{} k \equal{} 0$ are prime numbers. The number of possible values of $ k$ is $ \textbf{(A)}\ 0 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 1 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 2 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 3 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \textbf{more than four}$

Goodnik writes 10 numbers on the board, then Nogoodnik writes 10 more numbers, all 20 of the numbers being positive and distinct. Can Goodnik choose his 10 numbers so that no matter what Nogoodnik writes, he can form 10 quadratic trinomials of the form $x^2 +px+q$, whose coeficients $p$ and $q$ run through all of the numbers written, such that the real roots of these trinomials comprise exactly 11 values? [i]I. Rubanov[/i]

Three travel companies provide transportation between $n$ cities, such that each connection between a pair of cities is covered by one company only. Prove that, for $n \geq 11$, there must exist a round-trip through some four cities, using the services of a same company, while for $n < 11$ this is not anymore necessarily true. [i]Dan Schwarz[/i]

Solve the system of equations $(n > 2)$ \[\begin{array}{c}\ \sqrt{x_1}+\sqrt{x_2+x_3+\cdots+x_n}=\sqrt{x_2}+\sqrt{x_3+x_4+\cdots+x_n+x_1}=\cdots=\sqrt{x_n}+\sqrt{x_1+x_2+\cdots+x_{n-1}} \end{array}, \] \[x_1-x_2=1.\]

Do there exist natural numbers $a, b$ and $c$ such that $a^2+b^2+c^2$ is divisible by $2013(ab+bc+ca)$? [i]Proposed by Mahan Malihi[/i]

In trapezoid $ABCD,$ leg $\overline{BC}$ is perpendicular to bases $\overline{AB}$ and $\overline{CD},$ and diagonals $\overline{AC}$ and $\overline{BD}$ are perpendicular. Given that $AB=\sqrt{11}$ and $AD=\sqrt{1001},$ find $BC^2.$

The remainder $R$ obtained by dividing $x^{100}$ by $x^2-3x+2$ is a polynomial of degree less than $2$. Then $R$ may be written as: $\textbf{(A) }2^{100}-1\qquad \textbf{(B) }2^{100}(x-1)-(x-2)\qquad \textbf{(C) }2^{100}(x-3)\qquad$ $\textbf{(D) }x(2^{100}-1)+2(2^{99}-1)\qquad \textbf{(E) }2^{100}(x+1)-(x+2)$

Consider the graphs $ y \equal{} Ax^2$ and and $ y^2 \plus{} 3 \equal{} x^2 \plus{} 4y$, where $ A$ is a positive constant and $ x$ and $ y$ are real variables. In how many points do the two graphs intersect? $ \textbf{(A)}\ \text{exactly } 4 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \text{exactly } 2$ $ \textbf{(C)}\ \text{at least } 1, \text{ but the number varies for different positive values of } A$ $ \textbf{(D)}\ 0 \text{ for at least one positive value of } A \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \text{none of these}$

Let $k$ be any fixed positive integer. Let's look at integer pairs $(a, b)$, for which the quadratic equations $x^2 - 2ax + b = 0$ and $y^2 + 2ay + b = 0$ are real solutions (not necessarily different), which can be denoted by $x_1, x_2$ and $y_1, y_2$, respectively, in such an order that the equation $x_1 y_1 - x_2 y_2 = 4k$. a) Find the largest possible value of the second component $b$ of such a pair of numbers ($a, b)$. b) Find the sum of the other components of all such pairs of numbers.

Find the number of pairs $(m,n)$ of integers with $-2014\le m,n\le 2014$ such that $x^3+y^3 = m + 3nxy$ has infinitely many integer solutions $(x,y)$. [i]Proposed by Victor Wang[/i]

We say that $1\leq a\leq101$ is a quadratic polynomial residue modulo $101$ with respect to a quadratic polynomial $f(x)$ with integer coefficients if there exists an integer $b$ such that $101 \mid a-f(b)$. For a quadratic polynomial $f$, we define its quadratic residue set as the set of quadratic residues modulo $101$ with respect to $f(x)$. Compute the number of quadratic residue sets. [i]Proposed by Michael Ren[/i]

Let $n \geq 0$ be an integer. Prove that \[ \lceil \sqrt n +\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n+2} \rceil = \lceil \sqrt{9n+8} \rceil\] Where $\lceil x \rceil $ is the smallest integer which is greater or equal to $x.$

Call admissible a set $A$ of integers that has the following property: If $x,y \in A$ (possibly $x=y$) then $x^2+kxy+y^2 \in A$ for every integer $k$. Determine all pairs $m,n$ of nonzero integers such that the only admissible set containing both $m$ and $n$ is the set of all integers. [i]Proposed by Warut Suksompong, Thailand[/i]

For each real number $k$, denote by $f(k)$ the larger of the two roots of the quadratic equation $$(k^2+1)x^2+10kx-6(9k^2+1)=0.$$Show that the function $f(k)$ attains a minimum and maximum and evaluate these two values.

Prove that for positive integers $ x,y,z$ the number $ x^2 \plus{} y^2 \plus{} z^2$ is not divisible by $ 3(xy \plus{} yz \plus{} zx)$.

[b]Randy:[/b] "Hi Rachel, that's an interesting quadratic equation you have written down. What are its roots?'' [b]Rachel:[/b] "The roots are two positive integers. One of the roots is my age, and the other root is the age of my younger brother, Jimmy.'' [b]Randy:[/b] "That is very neat! Let me see if I can figure out how old you and Jimmy are. That shouldn't be too difficult since all of your coefficients are integers. By the way, I notice that the sum of the three coefficients is a prime number.'' [b]Rachel:[/b] "Interesting. Now figure out how old I am.'' [b]Randy:[/b] "Instead, I will guess your age and substitute it for $x$ in your quadratic equation $\dots$ darn, that gives me $-55$, and not $0$.'' [b]Rachel:[/b] "Oh, leave me alone!'' (1) Prove that Jimmy is two years old. (2) Determine Rachel's age.

Find all real numbers $p$ for which the equation $x^3+3px^2+(4p-1)x+p=0$ has two real roots with difference $1$.

Let $x,y,z$ be distinct positive integers such that $(y+z)(z+x)=(x+y)^2$ . Show that \[x^2+y^2>8(x+y)+2(xy+1).\] (Paolo Leonetti)

In a certain circle, the chord of a $d$-degree arc is 22 centimeters long, and the chord of a $2d$-degree arc is 20 centimeters longer than the chord of a $3d$-degree arc, where $d<120.$ The length of the chord of a $3d$-degree arc is $-m+\sqrt{n}$ centimeters, where $m$ and $n$ are positive integers. Find $m+n.$

Let $k$ be a fixed integer greater than 1, and let ${m=4k^2-5}$. Show that there exist positive integers $a$ and $b$ such that the sequence $(x_n)$ defined by \[x_0=a,\quad x_1=b,\quad x_{n+2}=x_{n+1}+x_n\quad\text{for}\quad n=0,1,2,\dots,\] has all of its terms relatively prime to $m$. [i]Proposed by Jaroslaw Wroblewski, Poland[/i]

Let $d$ be a positive number. On the parabola, whose equation has the coefficient $1$ at the quadratic term, points $A, B$ and $C$ are chosen in such a way that the difference of the $x$-coordinates of points $A$ and $B$ is $d$ and the difference of the $x$-coordinates of points $B$ and $C$ is also $d$. Find the area of the triangle $ABC$.

Let $m \neq -1$ be a real number. Consider the quadratic equation $$ (m + 1)x^2 + 4mx + m - 3 =0. $$ Which of the following must be true? $\quad\rm(I)$ Both roots of this equation must be real. $\quad\rm(II)$ If both roots are real, then one of the roots must be less than $-1.$ $\quad\rm(III)$ If both roots are real, then one of the roots must be larger than $1.$ $$ \mathrm a. ~ \text{Only} ~(\mathrm I)\rm \qquad \mathrm b. ~(I)~and~(II)\qquad \mathrm c. ~Only~(III) \qquad \mathrm d. ~Both~(I)~and~(III) \qquad \mathrm e. ~(I), (II),~and~(III) $$

Find the smallest nomial of this sequence that $a_1=1993^{1994^{1995}}$ and \[ a_{n+1}=\begin{cases}\frac{a_n}{2}&\text{if $n$ is even}\\a_n+7 &\text{if $n$ is odd.} \end{cases} \]

Suppose that \[\sum_{i=1}^{982} 7^{i^2}\] can be expressed in the form $983q + r$, where $q$ and $r$ are integers and $0 \leq r \leq 492$. Find $r$. [i]Author: Alex Zhu[/i]

Find the real root of $x^5+5x^3+5x-1$. Hint: Let $x = u+k/u$.