Find all positive integers $a$, $b$, $c$, and $p$, where $p$ is a prime number, such that $73p^2 + 6 = 9a^2 + 17b^2 + 17c^2$.

Given a prime $p$, find $\gcd(\binom{2^pp}{1},\binom{2^pp}{3},\ldots, \binom{2^pp}{2^pp-1}) $.

Find $$\sum_{a=1}^{9} \sum_{b=1}^{9} \sum_{c=1}^{9} \sum_{d=1}^{9} \min(2a + 0b + 2c + 4d, 4a + 1b + 4c + 3d) + \max(10, a + b + 2c + 2d).$$ [i]Team #10[/i]

An arbitrary triangle $ABC$ is given and a point $P$ lies on the side $AB$. It is requested to draw through $P$ a line that divides the triangle into two figures of the same area.

Find all natural $a,b$ such that $\left. {a(a + b) + 1} \right|(a + b)(b + 1) - 1$.

Let sequence $\{a_1,a_2,\dots \}$ with integer terms satisfy the following conditions: 1) $a_{n+1}=3a_n-3a_{n-1}+a_{n-2}, n=2,3,\dots$ ; 2) $2a_1=a_0+a_2-2$ ; 3) for arbitrary natural number $m$, there exist $m$ consecutive terms $a_k, a_{k-1}, \dots ,a_{k+m-1}$ among the sequence such that all such $m$ terms are perfect squares. Prove that all terms of the sequence $\{a_1,a_2,\dots \}$ are perfect squares.

(a) Show that, for each positive integer $n$, the number of monic polynomials of degree $n$ with integer coefficients having all its roots on the unit circle is finite. (b) Let $P(x)$ be a monic polynomial with integer coefficients having all its roots on the unit circle. Show that there exists a positive integer $m$ such that $y^m=1$ for each root $y$ of $P(x)$.

Let $n$ and $k$ be positive integers with $n\geq k\geq 2$. For $i=1,\dots,n$, let $S_i$ be a nonempty set of consecutive integers such that among any $k$ of them, there are two with nonempty intersection. Prove that there is a set $X$ of $k-1$ integers such that each $S_i$, $i=1,\dots,n$ contains at least one integer in $X$.

Points $A$, $B$, and $C$ lie on a semicircle with diameter $\overline{PQ}$ such that $AB = 3$, $AC = 4$, $BC = 5$, and $A$ is on $\overline{PQ}$. Given $\angle PAB = \angle QAC$, compute the area of the semicircle.

Among all orthogonal projections of a regular tetrahedron to all possible planes, find the projection of the greatest area.

For positive integer $k>1$, let $f(k)$ be the number of ways of factoring $k$ into product of positive integers greater than $1$ (The order of factors are not countered, for example $f(12)=4$, as $12$ can be factored in these $4$ ways: $12,2\cdot 6,3\cdot 4, 2\cdot 2\cdot 3$. Prove: If $n$ is a positive integer greater than $1$, $p$ is a prime factor of $n$, then $f(n)\leq \frac{n}{p}$

Find all triples $(a, b, c)$ of integers that satisfy the equations $ a + b = c$ and $a^2 + b^3 = c^2$

[b]8.1 [/b] Construct a quadrilateral using side lengths and distances between the midpoints of the diagonals. [b]8.2[/b] It is known that $a,b$ and $\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b} $ are rational numbers. Prove that then $\sqrt{a}$, $\sqrt{b} $ are rational. [b]8.3 / 9.2[/b] Solve equation $x^3 - [x]=3$ [b]8.4[/b] Prove that if in a triangle the angle bisector of the vertex, bisects the angle between the median and the altitude, then the triangle either isosceles or right. . [b]8.5[/b] Given $n$ numbers $x_1, x_2, . . . , x_n$, each of which is equal to $+1$ or $-1$. At the same time $$x_1x_2 + x_2x_3 + . . . + x_{n-1}x_n + x_nx_1 = 0 .$$ Prove that $n$ is divisible by $4$. [b]8.6[/b] There are $n$ points marked on the circle, and it is known that for of any two, one of the arcs connecting them has a measure less than $120^0$.Prove that all points lie on an arc of size $120^0$. PS. You should use hide for answers.Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3983442_1961_leningrad_math_olympiad]here[/url].

Let $ABC$ be a triangle. A point $D$ lies on line $BC$ and points $E,F$ are taken on $AC,AB$ such that $DE \parallel AB$ and $DF\parallel AC$. Let $G = (AEF) \cap (ABC) \neq A$ and $I = (DEF) \cap BC\neq D$. Let $H$ and $O$ denote the orthocenter and the circumcenter of triangle $DEF$. Prove that $A,O,I$ are collinear if and only if $G,H,I$ are collinear. [i]Proposed by Kaan Bilge[/i]

Given $k\ge 2$, for which polynomials $P\in \mathbb{Z}[X]$ does there exist a function $h:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow\mathbb{N}$ with $h^{(k)}(n)=P(n)$?

Find all functions $f : \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ for which these two conditions hold simultaneously (i) For all $m,n \in \mathbb{N}$ we have: $$ \frac{f(mn)}{\gcd(m,n)} = \frac{f(m)f(n)}{f(\gcd(m,n))};$$ (ii) For all prime numbers $p$, there exists a prime number $q$ such that $f(p^{2025})=q^{2025}$.