Found problems: 85335
Define the sequence $A_1, A_2, A_3, \dots$ by $A_1 = 1$ and for $n=1,2,3,\dots$
$$A_{n+1}=\frac{A_n+2}{A_n +1}.$$
Define the sequences $B_1, B_2, B_3,\dots$ by $B_1=1$ and for $n=1,2,3,\dots$
$$B_{n+1}=\frac{B_n^2 +2}{2B_n}.$$
Prove that $B_{n+1}=A_{2^n}$ for all non-negative integers $n$.
Let $ABCD$ and $WXYZ$ be two squares that share the same center such that $WX \parallel AB$ and $WX < AB.$ Lines $CX$ and $AB$ intersect at $P,$ and lines $CZ$ and $AD$ intersect at $Q.$ If points $P, W,$ and $Q$ are collinear, compute the ratio $AB/WX.$
A jar contains $2$ yellow candies, $4$ red candies, and $6$ blue candies. Candies are randomly drawn out of the jar one-by-one and eaten. The probability that the $2$ yellow candies will be eaten before any of the red candies are eaten is given by the fraction $\frac{m}{n}$ where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m + n$.
A circle is divided into $n$ sectors ($n \geq 3$). Each sector can be filled in with either $1$ or $0$. Choose any sector $\mathcal{C}$ occupied by $0$, change it into a $1$ and simultaneously change the symbols $x, y$ in the two sectors adjacent to $\mathcal{C}$ to their complements $1-x$, $1-y$. We repeat this process as long as there exists a zero in some sector. In the initial configuration there is a $0$ in one sector and $1$s elsewhere. For which values of $n$ can we end this process?
A function $g$ is such that for all integer $n$:
$$g(n)=\begin{cases}
1\hspace{0.5cm} \textrm{if}\hspace{0.1cm} n\geq 1 & \\
0 \hspace{0.5cm} \textrm{if}\hspace{0.1cm} n\leq 0 &
\end{cases}$$
A function $f$ is such that for all integers $n\geq 0$ and $m\geq 0$:
$$f(0,m)=0 \hspace{0.5cm} \textrm{and}$$
$$f(n+1,m)=\Bigl(1-g(m)+g(m)\cdot g(m-1-f(n,m))\Bigr)\cdot\Bigl(1+f(n,m)\Bigr)$$
Find all the possible functions $f(m,n)$ that satisfies the above for all integers $n\geq0$ and $m\geq 0$
Prove the inequality $$ \frac{y^2-x^2}{2x^2+1}+\frac{z^2-y^2}{2y^2+1}+\frac{x^2-z^2}{2z^2+1} \geq 0$$ where $x$, $y$ and $z$ are real numbers
Prove that $\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{c+a}\le \frac{a+b+c}{2}$, where $a,b,c\in\mathbb{R}^{+}$.
At the beginning of the school year, Lisa’s goal was to earn an A on at least $ 80\%$ of her $ 50$ quizzes for the year. She earned an A on $ 22$ of the first $ 30$ quizzes. If she is to achieve her goal, on at most how many of the remaining quizzes can she earn a grade lower than an A?
$ \textbf{(A)}\ 1 \qquad
\textbf{(B)}\ 2 \qquad
\textbf{(C)}\ 3 \qquad
\textbf{(D)}\ 4 \qquad
\textbf{(E)}\ 5$
Let $ f ( x , y ) = ( x + y ) / 2 , g ( x , y ) = \sqrt { x y } , h ( x , y ) = 2 x y / ( x + y ) $, and let $$ S = \{ ( a , b ) \in \mathrm { N } \times \mathrm { N } | a \neq b \text { and } f( a , b ) , g ( a , b ) , h ( a , b ) \in \mathrm { N } \} $$ where $\mathbb{N}$ denotes the positive integers. Find the minimum of $f$ over $S$.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle such that $\angle CAB = 60^o$. Consider $D, E$ points on sides $AC$ and $AB$ respectively such that $BD$ bisects angle $\angle ABC$ , $CE$ bisects angle $\angle BCA$ and let $I$ be the intersection of them. Prove that $|ID| =|IE|$.
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral such that the lines $AB$ and $CD$ intersects in $K$, let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $AC$ and $CK$ respectively. Find the possible value(s) of $\angle ADC$ if the quadrilateral $MBND$ is cyclic.
What is $3^{2002}$ in $\bmod 11$?
$
\textbf{a)}\ 1
\qquad\textbf{b)}\ 3
\qquad\textbf{c)}\ 4
\qquad\textbf{d)}\ 5
\qquad\textbf{e)}\ \text{None of above}
$
Compute the unique real numbers $x<3$ such that $$\sqrt{(3-x)(4-x)}+\sqrt{(4-x)(6-x)}+\sqrt{(6-x)(3-x)}=x.$$
$\triangle ABC$ satisfies $\angle A=60^{\circ}$. Call its circumcenter and orthocenter $O, H$, respectively. Let $M$ be a point on the segment $BH$, then choose a point $N$ on the line $CH$ such that $H$ lies between $C, N$, and $\overline{BM}=\overline{CN}$. Find all possible value of
\[\frac{\overline{MH}+\overline{NH}}{\overline{OH}}\]
After how much time will the particle first return to the origin?
(A) $\text{0.785 s}$
(B) $\text{1.26 s}$
(C) $\text{1.57 s}$
(D) $\text{2.00 s}$
(E) $\text{3.14 s}$
Positive integer numbers $k$ and $n$ satisfy the inequality $k > n!$. Prove that there exist pairwisely different prime numbers $p_1, p_2, \ldots, p_n$ which are divisors of the numbers $k+1, k+2, \ldots, k+n$ respectively (i.e. $p_i|k+i$).
Let $ m$ a positive integer and $ p$ a prime number, both fixed. Define $ S$ the set of all $ m$-uple of positive integers $ \vec{v} \equal{} (v_1,v_2,\ldots,v_m)$ such that $ 1 \le v_i \le p$ for all $ 1 \le i \le m$. Define also the function $ f(\cdot): \mathbb{N}^m \to \mathbb{N}$, that associates every $ m$-upla of non negative integers $ (a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_m)$ to the integer $ \displaystyle f(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_m) \equal{} \sum_{\vec{v} \in S} \left(\prod_{1 \le i \le m}{v_i^{a_i}} \right)$.
Find all $ m$-uple of non negative integers $ (a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_m)$ such that $ p \mid f(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_m)$.
[i](Pierfrancesco Carlucci)[/i]
Each of the sides of a square $ S_1$ with area $ 16$ is bisected, and a smaller square $ S_2$ is constructed using the bisection points as vertices. The same process is carried out on $ S_2$ to construct an even smaller square $ S_3$. What is the area of $ S_3$?
$ \textbf{(A)}\ \frac {1}{2} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 1 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 2 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 3 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 4$
If $a$ and $b$ are integers such that $x^2 - x - 1$ is a factor of $ax^3 + bx^2 + 1$, then $b$ is
$ \textbf{(A)}\ -2\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ -1\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 0\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 1\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 2 $
For $n \ge 3$, let $S=a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n$ and $T=b_1b_2\cdots b_n$ for positive real numbers $a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n, b_1,b_2 ,\ldots,b_n$, where the numbers $b_i$ are pairwise distinct.
(a) Find the number of distinct real zeroes of the polynomial
\[f(x)=(x-b_1)(x-b_2)\cdots(x-b_n)\sum_{j=1}^n \frac{a_j}{x-b_j}\]
(b) Prove the inequality
\[\frac1{n-1}\sum_{j=1}^n \left(1-\frac{a_j}{S}\right)b_j > \left(\frac{T}{S}\sum_{j=1}^{n} \frac{a_j}{b_j}\right)^{\frac1{n-1}}\]
$-15+9\times (6\div 3) =$
$\text{(A)}\ -48 \qquad \text{(B)}\ -12 \qquad \text{(C)}\ -3 \qquad \text{(D)}\ 3 \qquad \text{(E)}\ 12$
Find all functions from the reals to the reals satisfying
\[f(xf(y) + x) = xy + f(x)\]
In triangle $[ABC]$, the bisector in $C$ and the altitude passing through $B$ intersect at point $D$. Point $E$ is the symmetric of point $D$ wrt $BC$ and lies on the circle circumscribed to the triangle $[ABC]$. Prove that the triangle is $[ABC]$ isosceles.
14 students attend the IMO training camp. Every student has at least $k$ favourite numbers. The organisers want to give each student a shirt with one of the student's favourite numbers on the back. Determine the least $k$, such that this is always possible if:
$a)$ The students can be arranged in a circle such that every two students sitting next to one another have different numbers.
$b)$ $7$ of the students are boys, the rest are girls, and there isn't a boy and a girl with the same number.
Compute $\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{1009} (-1)^{k+1} \dbinom{2018-k}{k-1} 2^{2019 - 2k}$.