Evaluate $$\lim_{n\to \infty} \frac{1}{n^4 } \prod_{i=1}^{2n} (n^2 +i^2 )^{\frac{1}{n}}.$$

Find the maximal number of discs which can be disposed on the plane so that each two of them have a common point and no three have it

In the triangle $ABC$, $X$ lies on the side $BC$, $Y$ on the side $CA$, and $Z$ on the side $AB$ with $YX \| AB, ZY \| BC$, and $XZ \| CA$. Show that $X,Y$, and $Z$ are the midpoints of the respective sides of $ABC$.

Four circles are drawn with the sides of quadrilateral $ABCD$ as diameters. The two circles passing through $A$ meet again at $A'$, two circles through $B$ at $B'$ , two circles at $C$ at $C'$ and the two circles at $D$ at $D'$. Suppose the points $A',B',C'$ and $D'$ are distinct. Prove quadrilateral $A'B'C'D'$ is similar to $ABCD$.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with circumcircle $\omega$ and let $\Omega_A$ be the $A$-excircle. Let $X$ and $Y$ be the intersection points of $\omega$ and $\Omega_A$. Let $P$ and $Q$ be the projections of $A$ onto the tangent lines to $\Omega_A$ at $X$ and $Y$ respectively. The tangent line at $P$ to the circumcircle of the triangle $APX$ intersects the tangent line at $Q$ to the circumcircle of the triangle $AQY$ at a point $R$. Prove that $\overline{AR} \perp \overline{BC}$.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle and let $P$ be a point on $BC$. Points $M$ and $N$ lie on $AB$ and $AC$, respectively such that $MN$ is not parallel to $BC$ and $AMP N$ is a parallelogram. Line $MN$ meets the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $R$ and $S$. Prove that the circumcircle of triangle $RP S$ is tangent to $BC$.

$a,b$ are positive integers and $(a!+b!)|a!b!$.Prove that $3a\ge 2b+2$.

For positive real numbers $ x,y,z$ the inequality \[\frac1{x^2\plus{}1}\plus{}\frac1{y^2\plus{}1}\plus{}\frac1{z^2\plus{}1}\equal{}\frac12\] holds. Prove the inequality \[\frac1{x^3\plus{}2}\plus{}\frac1{y^3\plus{}2}\plus{}\frac1{z^3\plus{}2}<\frac13.\]

A mahogany bookshelf has four identical-looking books which are $200$, $400$, $600$, and $800$ pages long. Velma picks a random book off the shelf, flips to a random page to read, and puts the book back on the shelf. Later, Daphne also picks a random book off the shelf and flips to a random page to read. Given that Velma read page $122$ of her book and Daphne read page $304$ of her book, the probability that they chose the same book is $\frac{m}{n}$ for relatively prime positive integers $m$ and $n$. Compute $100m + n$. [i]Proposed by Sean Li[/i]

A sequence of integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$ is said to be [i]sub-Fibonacci[/i] if $a_1=a_2=1$ and $a_i \le a_{i-1}+a_{i-2}$ for all $3 \le i \le n.$ How many sub-Fibonacci sequences are there with $10$ terms such that the last two terms are both $20$?

Find all number sets $(a,b,c,d)$ s.t. $1 < a \le b \le c \le d$, $a,b,c,d \in \mathbb{N}$, and $a^2+b+c+d$, $a+b^2+c+d$, $a+b+c^2+d$, and $a+b+c+d^2$ are all square numbers. Sum the value of $d$ across all solution set(s).

Alison has an analog clock whose hands have the following lengths: $a$ inches (the hour hand), $b$ inches (the minute hand), and $c$ inches (the second hand), with $a < b < c$. The numbers $a$, $b$, and $c$ are consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence. The tips of the hands travel the following distances during a day: $A$ inches (the hour hand), $B$ inches (the minute hand), and $C$ inches (the second hand). The numbers $A$, $B$, and $C$ (in this order) are consecutive terms of a geometric sequence. What is the value of $\frac{B}{A}$?

A circle with radius $4$ and $251$ distinct points inside the circle are given. Show that it is possible to draw a circle with radius $1$ and containing at least $11$ of these points.

Let $ a,b,c,d $ be four non-negative reals such that $ a+b+c+d = 4 $. Prove that $$ a\sqrt{3a+b+c}+b\sqrt{3b+c+d}+c\sqrt{3c+d+a}+d\sqrt{3d+a+b} \ge 4\sqrt{5} $$

Let $P$ be a point outside the circle $C$. Find two points $Q$ and $R$ on the circle, such that $P,Q$ and $R$ are collinear and $Q$ is the midpopint of the segmenet $PR$. (Discuss the number of solutions).

There are $n\ge3$ integers around a circle. We know that for each of these numbers the ratio between the sum of its two neighbors and the number is a positive integer. Prove that the sum of the $n$ ratios is not greater than $3n$.

Determine the number of distinct right-angled triangles such that its three sides are of integral lengths, and its area is $999$ times of its perimeter. (Congruent triangles are considered identical.)

What is the least integer a greater than $14$ so that the triangle with side lengths $a - 1$, $a$, and $a + 1$ has integer area?

Show that if the last digit of the number $x^2+xy+y^2$ is $0$ (where $x,y\in\mathbb{N}$ ) then last two digits are zero.

There exists a unique line tangent to the graph of $y=x^4-20x^3+24x^2-20x+25$ at two distinct points. Compute the product of the $x$-coordinates of the two tangency points.

Let $\{a_n\}_{n \geq 1}$ be a bounded sequence satisfying \[a_n < \displaystyle\sum_{k=a}^{2n+2006} \frac{a_k}{k+1} + \frac{1}{2n+2007} \quad \forall \quad n = 1, 2, 3, \ldots \] Show that \[a_n < \frac{1}{n} \quad \forall \quad n = 1, 2, 3, \ldots\]

An economist and a statistician play a game on a calculator which does only one operation. The calculator displays only positive integers and it is used in the following way: Denote by $n$ an integer that is shown on the calculator. A person types an integer, $m$, chosen from the set $\{ 1, 2, . . . , 99 \}$ of the first $99$ positive integers, and if $m\%$ of the number $n$ is again a positive integer, then the calculator displays $m\%$ of $n$. Otherwise, the calculator shows an error message and this operation is not allowed. The game consists of doing alternatively these operations and the player that cannot do the operation looses. How many numbers from $\{1, 2, . . . , 2019\}$ guarantee the winning strategy for the statistician, who plays second? For example, if the calculator displays $1200$, the economist can type $50$, giving the number $600$ on the calculator, then the statistician can type $25$ giving the number $150$. Now, for instance, the economist cannot type $75$ as $75\%$ of $150$ is not a positive integer, but can choose $40$ and the game continues until one of them cannot type an allowed number [i]Proposed by Serbia [/i]

A non-self-intersecting polygon is nearly convex if precisely one of its interior angles is greater than $180^\circ$. One million distinct points lie in the plane in such a way that no three of them are collinear. We would like to construct a nearly convex one-million-gon whose vertices are precisely the one million given points. Is it possible that there exist precisely ten such polygons?

Which of the following conditions is sufficient to guarantee that integers $x$, $y$, and $z$ satisfy the equation $$x(x-y)+y(y-z)+z(z-x) = 1?$$$\textbf{(A)}\: x>y$ and $y=z$ $\textbf{(B)}\: x=y-1$ and $y=z-1$ $\textbf{(C)} \: x=z+1$ and $y=x+1$ $\textbf{(D)} \: x=z$ and $y-1=x$ $\textbf{(E)} \: x+y+z=1$

Given a triangle $ABC$ satisfying $AC+BC=3\cdot AB$. The incircle of triangle $ABC$ has center $I$ and touches the sides $BC$ and $CA$ at the points $D$ and $E$, respectively. Let $K$ and $L$ be the reflections of the points $D$ and $E$ with respect to $I$. Prove that the points $A$, $B$, $K$, $L$ lie on one circle. [i]Proposed by Dimitris Kontogiannis, Greece[/i]