Found problems: 238
An ordered pair $(x, y)$ of integers is a primitive point if the greatest common divisor of $x$ and $y$ is $1$. Given a finite set $S$ of primitive points, prove that there exist a positive integer $n$ and integers $a_0, a_1, \ldots , a_n$ such that, for each $(x, y)$ in $S$, we have:
$$a_0x^n + a_1x^{n-1} y + a_2x^{n-2}y^2 + \cdots + a_{n-1}xy^{n-1} + a_ny^n = 1.$$
[i]Proposed by John Berman, United States[/i]
Let $n$ be the least positive integer for which $149^n - 2^n$ is divisible by $3^3 \cdot 5^5 \cdot 7^7$. Find the number of positive divisors of $n$.
Let $p_k$ be the $k$-th prime number. Find the remainder when $\sum_{k=2}^{2550}p_k^{p_k^4-1}$ is divided by $2550$.
Let $ABC$ be an isosceles triangle with base $AB$. A semicircle $\Gamma$ is constructed with its center on the segment AB and which is tangent to the two legs, $AC$ and $BC$. Consider a line tangent to $\Gamma$ which cuts the segments $AC$ and $BC$ at $D$ and $E$, respectively. The line perpendicular to $AC$ at $D$ and the line perpendicular to $BC$ at $E$ intersect each other at $P$. Let $Q$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $P$ to $AB$. Show that
$\frac{PQ}{CP}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{AB}{AC}$.
[b]5.[/b] Denote by $c_n$ the $n$th positive integer which can be represented in the form $c_n = k^{l} (k,l = 2,3, \dots )$. Prove that
$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{c_n-1}=1$
[b](N. 18)[/b]
Let $ABC$ and $A'B'C'$ be any two coplanar triangles. Let $L$ be a point such that $AL || BC, A'L || B'C'$ , and $M,N$ similarly defined. The line $BC$ meets $B'C'$ at $P$, and similarly defined are $Q$ and $R$. Prove that $PL, QM, RN$ are concurrent.
Let $ ABCDEF$ be a convex hexagon such that $ AD \equal{} BC \plus{} EF$, $ BE \equal{} AF \plus{} CD$, $ CF \equal{} DE \plus{} AB$. Prove that:
\[ \frac {AB}{DE} \equal{} \frac {CD}{AF} \equal{} \frac {EF}{BC}.
\]
The sequence $(a_n)_{n\geq 1}$ is defined by $a_1=1,a_2=2,a_3=24,$ and, for $n\geq 4,$ \[a_n=\dfrac{6a_{n-1}^2a_{n-3}-8a_{n-1}a_{n-2}^2}{a_{n-2}a_{n-3}}.\] Show that, for all $n$, $a_n$ is an integer multiple of $n$.
Let $A'\in(BC),$ $B'\in(CA),C'\in(AB)$ be the points of tangency of the excribed circles of triangle $\triangle ABC$ with the sides of $\triangle ABC.$ Let $R'$ be the circumradius of triangle $\triangle A'B'C'.$ Show that \[
R'=\frac{1}{2r}\sqrt{2R\left(2R-h_{a}\right)\left(2R-h_{b}\right)\left(2R-h_{c}\right)}\]
where as usual, $R$ is the circumradius of $\triangle ABC,$ r is the inradius of $\triangle ABC,$ and $h_{a},h_{b},h_{c}$ are the lengths of altitudes of $\triangle ABC.$
Let $A'\in(BC),$ $B'\in(CA),C'\in(AB)$ be the points of tangency of the excribed circles of triangle $\triangle ABC$ with the sides of $\triangle ABC.$ Let $R'$ be the circumradius of triangle $\triangle A'B'C'.$ Show that \[
R'=\frac{1}{2r}\sqrt{2R\left(2R-h_{a}\right)\left(2R-h_{b}\right)\left(2R-h_{c}\right)}\]
where as usual, $R$ is the circumradius of $\triangle ABC,$ r is the inradius of $\triangle ABC,$ and $h_{a},h_{b},h_{c}$ are the lengths of altitudes of $\triangle ABC.$
For every non-negative integer $k$ let $S(k)$ denote the sum of decimal digits of $k$. Let $P(x)$
and $Q(x)$ be polynomials with non-negative integer coecients such that $S(P(n)) = S(Q(n))$ for
all non-negative integers $n$. Prove that there exists an integer $t$ such that $P(x) - 10^tQ(x)$ is a constant polynomial.
Find all positive integers $n$, such that $n$ is a perfect number and $\varphi (n)$ is power of $2$.
[i]Note:a positive integer $n$, is called perfect if the sum of all its positive divisors is equal to $2n$.[/i]
We say that a natural number $n$ is [i]charrua[/i] if it satisfy simultaneously the following conditions:
- Every digit of $n$ is greater than 1.
- Every time that four digits of $n$ are multiplied, it is obtained a divisor of $n$
Show that every natural number $k$ there exists a [i]charrua[/i] number with more than $k$ digits.
How many different remainders can result when the $100$th power of an integer is divided by $125$?
$
\textbf{(A) }1 \qquad
\textbf{(B) }2 \qquad
\textbf{(C) }5 \qquad
\textbf{(D) }25 \qquad
\textbf{(E) }125 \qquad
$
Let $n$ be an integer with $n \ge 2$. Show that $n$ does not divide $2^{n}-1$.
Alex divides a disk into four quadrants with two perpendicular diameters intersecting at the center of the disk. He draws $25$ more lines segments through the disk, drawing each segment by selecting two points at random on the perimeter of the disk in different quadrants and connecting these two points. Find the expected number of regions into which these $27$ line segments divide the disk.
Let $Q(n)$ denote the sum of the digits of $n$ in its decimal representation. Prove that for every positive integer $k$, there exists a multiple $n$ of $k$ such that $Q(n)=Q(n^2)$.
Let $a,b$ be two integers such that their gcd has at least two prime factors. Let $S = \{ x \mid x \in \mathbb{N}, x \equiv a \pmod b \} $ and call $ y \in S$ irreducible if it cannot be expressed as product of two or more elements of $S$ (not necessarily distinct). Show there exists $t$ such that any element of $S$ can be expressed as product of at most $t$ irreducible elements.
Let $A_1A_2A_3$ be an acute-angled triangle inscribed into a unit circle centered at $O$. The cevians from $A_i$ passing through $O$ meet the opposite sides at points $B_i$ $(i = 1, 2, 3)$ respectively.
[list=a]
[*] Find the minimal possible length of the longest of three segments $B_iO$.
[*] Find the maximal possible length of the shortest of three segments $B_iO$.
[/list]
Let $a,m$ be positive integers such that $Ord_m (a)$ is odd and for any integers $x,y$ so that
1.$xy \equiv a \pmod m$
2.$Ord_m(x) \le Ord_m(a)$
3.$Ord_m(y) \le Ord_m(a)$
We have either $Ord_m(x)|Ord_m(a)$ or $Ord_m(y)|Ord_m(a)$.prove that $Ord_m(a)$ contains at most one prime factor.
Prove that if $ n$ is an odd positive integer, then the last two digits of $ 2^{2n}(2^{2n\plus{}1}\minus{}1)$ in base $ 10$ are $ 28$.
For the give functions in $\mathbb{N}$:
[b](a)[/b] Euler's $\phi$ function ($\phi(n)$- the number of natural numbers smaller than $n$ and coprime with $n$);
[b](b)[/b] the $\sigma$ function such that the $\sigma(n)$ is the sum of natural divisors of $n$.
solve the equation $\phi(\sigma(2^x))=2^x$.
Let $ a$ be a fix natural number . Prove that the set of prime divisors of $ 2^{2^{n}} \plus{} a$ for $ n \equal{} 1,2,\cdots$ is infinite
Prove that $a^9 - a$ is divisible by $6$ for all integers $a$.
How many positive integers which divide $5n^{11}-2n^5-3n$ for all positive integers $n$ are there?
$
\textbf{(A)}\ 2
\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 5
\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 6
\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 12
\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 18
$