Found problems: 85335
2013 Putnam, 3
Suppose that the real numbers $a_0,a_1,\dots,a_n$ and $x,$ with $0<x<1,$ satisfy \[\frac{a_0}{1-x}+\frac{a_1}{1-x^2}+\cdots+\frac{a_n}{1-x^{n+1}}=0.\] Prove that there exists a real number $y$ with $0<y<1$ such that \[a_0+a_1y+\cdots+a_ny^n=0.\]
2011 India IMO Training Camp, 1
Let $ABC$ be a triangle each of whose angles is greater than $30^{\circ}$. Suppose a circle centered with $P$ cuts segments $BC$ in $T,Q; CA$ in $K,L$ and $AB$ in $M,N$ such that they are on a circle in counterclockwise direction in that order.Suppose further $PQK,PLM,PNT$ are equilateral. Prove that:
$a)$ The radius of the circle is $\frac{2abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2+4\sqrt{3}S}$ where $S$ is area.
$b) a\cdot AP=b\cdot BP=c\cdot PC.$
2024 Bundeswettbewerb Mathematik, 1
Determine all pairs $(x,y)$ of integers satisfying
\[(x+2)^4-x^4=y^3.\]
1985 AMC 8, 19
If the length and width of a rectangle are each increased by $ 10 \%$, then the perimeter of the rectangle is increased by
\[ \textbf{(A)}\ 1 \% \qquad
\textbf{(B)}\ 10 \% \qquad
\textbf{(C)}\ 20 \% \qquad
\textbf{(D)}\ 21 \% \qquad
\textbf{(E)}\ 40 \%
\]
2011 District Olympiad, 2
Let $ G $ be the set of matrices of the form $ \begin{pmatrix} a&b\\0&1 \end{pmatrix} , $ with $ a,b\in\mathbb{Z}_7,a\neq 0. $
[b]a)[/b] Verify that $ G $ is a group.
[b]b)[/b] Show that $ \text{Hom}\left( (G,\cdot) ; \left( \mathbb{Z}_7,+ \right) \right) =\{ 0\} $
2019 Philippine MO, 1
Find all functions $f : R \to R$ such that $f(2xy) + f(f(x + y)) = xf(y) + yf(x) + f(x + y)$ for all real numbers $x$ and $y$.
2016 CHMMC (Fall), 10
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with circumcircle $\omega$ such that $AB = 11$, $AC = 13$, and $\angle A = 30^o$. Points $D$ and $E$ are on segments $AB$ and $AC$ respectively such that $AD = 7$ and $AE = 8$. There exists a unique point $F \ne A$ on minor arc $AB$ of $\omega$ such that $\angle F DA = \angle F EA$. Compute $F A^2$.
2002 Taiwan National Olympiad, 3
Suppose $x,y,,a,b,c,d,e,f$ are real numbers satifying
i)$\max{(a,0)}+\max{(b,0)}<x+ay+bz<1+\min{(a,0)}+\min{(b,0)}$, and
ii)$\max{(c,0)}+\max{(d,0)}<cx+y+dz<1+\min{(c,0)}+\min{(d,0)}$, and
iii)$\max{(e,0)}+\max{(f,0)}<ex+fy+z<1+\min{(e,0)}+\min{(f,0)}$.
Prove that $0<x,y,z<1$.
2005 Estonia Team Selection Test, 3
Find all pairs $(x, y)$ of positive integers satisfying the equation $(x + y)^x = x^y$.
2025 Czech-Polish-Slovak Junior Match., 2
Find all triangles that can be divided into congruent right-angled isosceles triangles with side lengths $1, 1, \sqrt{2}$.
STEMS 2021-22 Math Cat A-B, A4 B3
Consider the starting position in a game of bughouse. Exhibit a sequence of moves
on both boards, indicating the chronology, such that at the end:
(a) The positions on both boards are the same as the original positions.
(b) It is White to play on one board, but Black to play on the other.
(c) All four players still have the right to castle subsequently (equivalently, the kings and rooks
haven’t moved).
for each of the following cases :
(a) without moving any pawns.
(b) without moving any queen.
2014 Middle European Mathematical Olympiad, 5
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB < AC$. Its incircle with centre $I$ touches the sides $BC, CA,$ and $AB$ in the points $D, E,$ and $F$ respectively. The angle bisector $AI$ intersects the lines $DE$ and $DF$ in the points $X$ and $Y$ respectively. Let $Z$ be the foot of the altitude through $A$ with respect to $BC$.
Prove that $D$ is the incentre of the triangle $XYZ$.
2023 Iran MO (3rd Round), 1
Find all integers $n > 4$ st for every two subsets $A,B$ of $\{0,1,....,n-1\}$ , there exists a polynomial $f$ with integer coefficients st either $f(A) = B$ or $f(B) = A$ where the equations are considered mod n.
We say two subsets are equal mod n if they produce the same set of reminders mod n. and the set $f(X)$ is the set of reminders of $f(x)$ where $x \in X$ mod n.
2009 Singapore MO Open, 2
a palindromic number is a number which is unchanged when order of its digits is reversed.
prove that the arithmetic progression 18, 37,.. contains infinitely many palindromic numbers.
1954 Putnam, B5
Let $f(x)$ be a real-valued function, defined for $-1<x<1$ for which $f'(0)$ exists. Let $(a_n) , (b_n)$ be two sequences such that $-1 <a_n <0 <b_n <1$ for all $n$ and $\lim_{n \to \infty } a_n = 0 =\lim_{n \to \infty} b_n.$
Prove that
$$ \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{ f(b_n )- f(a_n ) }{b_n -a_n} =f'(0).$$
2009 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 6
Let $M, I$ be the centroid and the incenter of triangle $ABC, A_1$ and $B_1$ be the touching points of the incircle with sides $BC$ and $AC, G$ be the common point of lines $AA_1$ and $BB_1$. Prove that angle $\angle CGI$ is right if and only if $GM // AB$.
(A.Zaslavsky)
2018 Iran MO (3rd Round), 3
Find the smallest positive integer $n$ such that we can write numbers $1,2,\dots ,n$ in a 18*18 board such that:
i)each number appears at least once
ii)In each row or column,there are no two numbers having difference 0 or 1
1978 Miklós Schweitzer, 8
Let $ X_1, \ldots ,X_n$ be $ n$ points in the unit square ($ n>1$). Let $ r_i$ be the distance of $ X_i$ from the nearest point (other than $ X_i$). Prove that the inequality \[ r_1^2\plus{} \ldots \plus{}r_n^2 \leq 4.\]
[i]L. Fejes-Toth, E. Szemeredi[/i]
2019 Bosnia and Herzegovina EGMO TST, 1
Let $x_1,x_2, ..., x_n$ be non-negative real numbers. Solve the system of equations:
$$x_k+x_{k+1}=x^2_{k+2}\,\,,\,\,\, (k =1,2,...,n),$$
where $x_{n+1} = x_1$, $x_{n+2} = x_2$.
2009 Mexico National Olympiad, 1
Let $n>1$ be an odd integer, and let $a_1$, $a_2$, $\dots$, $a_n$ be distinct real numbers. Let $M$ be the maximum of these numbers and $m$ the minimum. Show that it is possible to choose the signs of the expression $s=\pm a_1\pm a_2\pm\dots\pm a_n$ so that
\[m<s<M\]
2017 Vietnamese Southern Summer School contest, Problem 1
Given a real number $a$ and a sequence $(x_n)_{n=1}^\infty$ defined by:
$$\left\{\begin{matrix} x_1=1 \\ x_2=0 \\ x_{n+2}=\frac{x_n^2+x_{n+1}^2}{4}+a\end{matrix}\right.$$
for all positive integers $n$.
1. For $a=0$, prove that $(x_n)$ converges.
2. Determine the largest possible value of $a$ such that $(x_n)$ converges.
1984 Austrian-Polish Competition, 2
Let $A$ be the set of four-digit natural numbers having exactly two distinct digits, none of which is zero. Interchanging the two digits of $n\in A$ yields a number $f (n) \in A$ (for instance, $f (3111) = 1333$). Find those $n \in A$ with $n > f (n)$ for which $gcd(n, f (n))$ is the largest possible.
2005 Tournament of Towns, 5
In a certain big city, all the streets go in one of two perpendicular directions. During a drive in the city, a car does not pass through any place twice, and returns to the parking place along a street from which it started. If it has made 100 left turns, how many right turns must it have made?
[i](5 points)[/i]
1979 All Soviet Union Mathematical Olympiad, 270
A grasshopper is hopping in the angle $x\ge 0, y\ge 0$ of the coordinate plane (that means that it cannot land in the point with negative coordinate). If it is in the point $(x,y)$, it can either jump to the point $(x+1,y-1)$, or to the point $(x-5,y+7)$. Draw a set of such an initial points $(x,y)$, that having started from there, a grasshopper cannot reach any point farther than $1000$ from the point $(0,0)$. Find its area.
2005 Canada National Olympiad, 1
An equilateral triangle of side length $ n$ is divided into unit triangles. Let $ f(n)$ be the number of paths from the triangle in the top row to the middle triangle in the bottom row, such that adjacent triangles in a path share a common edge and the path never travels up (from a lower row to a higher row) or revisits a triangle. An example is shown on the picture for $ n \equal{} 5$. Determine the value of $ f(2005)$.