The symbol $N_m$ denotes the set of all integers not less than the given integer $m$. Find all functions $f: N_m \to N_m$ such that $f(x^2+f(y))=y^2+f(x)$ for all $x,y \in N_m$.

Given two congruent triangles $A_1A_2A_3$ and $B_1B_2B_3$ ($A_iA_k = B_iB_k$), prove that there exists a plane such that the orthogonal projections of these triangles onto it are congruent and equally oriented.

Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that for all real numbers $x$ and $y$, $$(f(x)+xy)\cdot f(x-3y)+(f(y)+xy)\cdot f(3x-y)=(f(x+y))^2.$$

Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that for all $x,y, \in \mathbb{R}$, \[xf(x+xy)=xf(x)+f(x^{2})\cdot f(y).\]

There are three rectangles in the following figure. The lengths of some segments are shown. Find the length of the segment $XY$ . [img]https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-x7GQfMFHzAQ/W6K57utTEkI/AAAAAAAAJFQ/1-5WhhuerMEJwDnWB09sTemNLdJX7_OOQCK4BGAYYCw/s320/igo%2B2018%2Bintermediate%2Bp1.png[/img] Proposed by Hirad Aalipanah

Consider a $100\times 100$ square unit lattice $\textbf{L}$ (hence $\textbf{L}$ has $10000$ points). Suppose $\mathcal{F}$ is a set of polygons such that all vertices of polygons in $\mathcal{F}$ lie in $\textbf{L}$ and every point in $\textbf{L}$ is the vertex of exactly one polygon in $\mathcal{F}.$ Find the maximum possible sum of the areas of the polygons in $\mathcal{F}.$ [i]Michael Ren and Ankan Bhattacharya, USA[/i]

Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral. Circle with diameter $AB$ intersects $CA$, $CB$, $DA$, and $DB$ in $E$, $F$, $G$, and $H$, respectively (all different from $A$ and $B$). The lines $EF$ and $GH$ intersect in $I$. Prove that the bisector of $\angle GIF$ and the line $CD$ are perpendicular.

The natural number $n$ is said to be good if there are natural numbers $a$ and $b$ that satisfy $a + b = n$ and $ab | n^2 + n + 1$. (a) Show that there are infinitely many good numbers. (b) Show that if $n$ is a good number, then $7 \nmid n$.

Let $A, B, C, D$ be four given points on a straight line $e$. Construct a square such that two of its parallel sides (or their extensions) go through $A$ and $B$ respectively, and the other two sides (and their extensions) go through $C$ and $D$ respectively.

We have $n$ bags each having $100$ coins. All of the bags have $10$ gram coins except one of them which has $9$ gram coins. We have a balance which can show weights of things that have weight of at most $1$ kilogram. At least how many times shall we use the balance in order to find the different bag? [i]Proposed By Hamidreza Ziarati[/i]

$\triangle ABC$ has a right angle at $B$, $AB = 12$, and $BC = 16$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $AC$. Let $\omega_1$ be the incircle of $\triangle ABM$ and $\omega_2$ be the incircle of $\triangle BCM$. The line externally tangent to $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ that is not $AC$ intersects $AB$ and $BC$ at $X$ and $Y$, respectively. If the area of $\triangle BXY$ can be expressed as $\frac{m}{n}$, compute is $m+n$. [i]Proposed by Alex Li[/i]

The average (arithmetic mean) of $10$ different positive whole numbers is $10$. The largest possible value of any of these numbers is $\text{(A)}\ 10 \qquad \text{(B)}\ 50 \qquad \text{(C)}\ 55 \qquad \text{(D)}\ 90 \qquad \text{(E)}\ 91$

Jonathan has a magical coin machine which takes coins in amounts of $7, 8$, and $9$. If he puts in $7$ coins, he gets $3$ coins back; if he puts in $8$, he gets $11$ back; and if he puts in $9$, he gets $4$ back. The coin machine does not allow two entries of the same amount to happen consecutively. Starting with $15$ coins, what is the minimum number of entries he can make to end up with $4$ coins?

Let $ f(x,y,z)$ be the polynomial with integer coefficients. Suppose that for all reals $ x,y,z$ the following equation holds: \[ f(x,y,z) \equal{} \minus{} f(x,z,y) \equal{} \minus{} f(y,x,z) \equal{} \minus{} f(z,y,x) \] Prove that if $ a,b,c\in\mathbb{Z}$ then $ f(a,b,c)$ takes an even value

Refer to the diagram below. Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral with center $O$. Let the internal angle bisectors of $\angle A$ and $\angle C$ intersect at $I$ and let those of $\angle B$ and $\angle D$ intersect at $J$. Now extend $AB$ and $CD$ to intersect $IJ$ and $P$ and $R$ respectively and let $IJ$ intersect $BC$ and $DA$ at $Q$ and $S$ respectively. Let the midpoints of $PR$ and $QS$ be $M$ and $N$ respectively. Given that $O$ does not lie on the line $IJ$, show that $OM$ and $ON$ are perpendicular.

If an angle $0^\circ<\theta<30^\circ$ satisfies $\sin\left(90^\circ-\theta\right)\sin\left(60^\circ-\theta\right)\sin\left(30^\circ-\theta\right)=\sin^3\left(\theta\right)$, compute $\sin\left(\theta\right)$. [i]2019 CCA Math Bonanza Lightning Round #4.4[/i]

In each square of a garden shaped like a $2022 \times 2022$ board, there is initially a tree of height $0$. A gardener and a lumberjack alternate turns playing the following game, with the gardener taking the first turn: [list] [*] The gardener chooses a square in the garden. Each tree on that square and all the surrounding squares (of which there are at most eight) then becomes one unit taller. [*] The lumberjack then chooses four different squares on the board. Each tree of positive height on those squares then becomes one unit shorter. [/list] We say that a tree is [i]majestic[/i] if its height is at least $10^6$. Determine the largest $K$ such that the gardener can ensure there are eventually $K$ majestic trees on the board, no matter how the lumberjack plays.

$$\int_0^\frac{\pi}{2}\frac{1}{4-3\cos^2(x)}\,dx$$ [i]Proposed by Connor Gordon[/i]

Let $a,b,c,$ the lengths of the sides of a triangle. Prove that \[\sqrt{\frac{(3a+b)(3b+a)}{(2a+c)(2b+c)}} + \sqrt{\frac{(3b+c)(3c+b)}{(2b+a)(2c+a)}} + \sqrt{\frac{(3c+a)(3a+c)}{(2c+b)(2a+b)}} \geq 4.\]

Let $S$ be a randomly chosen $6$-element subset of the set $\{0,1,2,\ldots,n\}.$ Consider the polynomial $P(x)=\sum_{i\in S}x^i.$ Let $X_n$ be the probability that $P(x)$ is divisible by some nonconstant polynomial $Q(x)$ of degree at most $3$ with integer coefficients satisfying $Q(0) \neq 0.$ Find the limit of $X_n$ as $n$ goes to infinity.

In the parallelogram $ABCD$, a line through $C$ intersects the diagonal $BD$ at $E$ and $AB$ at $F$. If $F$ is the midpoint of $AB$ and the area of $\vartriangle BEC$ is $100$, find the area of the quadrilateral $AFED$.

Let $f(x)$ be a function such that $f(1)=1$ and for $x \geq 1$ $$f'(x)= \frac{1}{x^2 +f(x)^{2}}.$$ Prove that $$\lim_{x\to \infty} f(x)$$ exists and is less than $1+ \frac{\pi}{4}.$

In a triangle $\triangle ABC$, $D$ and $E$ are respectively on $AB$ and $AC$ such that $DE\parallel BC$. $P$ is the intersection of $BE$ and $CD$. $M$ is the second intersection of $(APD)$ and $(BCD)$ , $N$ is the second intersection of $(APE)$ and $(BCE)$. $w$ is the circle passing through $M$ and $N$ and tangent to $BC$. Prove that the lines tangent to $w$ at $M$ and $N$ intersect on $AP$.

Find all primes $1 < p < 100$ such that the equation $x^2-6y^2=p$ has an integer solution $(x, y)$.

For all integers $ {a}_{0},{a}_{1}, \cdot\cdot\cdot {a}_{100}$, find the maximum of ${a}_{5}-2{a}_{40}+3{a}_{60}-4{a}_{95} $ $\bigstar$ 1) ${a}_{0}={a}_{100}=0$ 2) for all $i=0,1,\cdot \cdot \cdot 99, $ $|{a}_{i+1}-{a}_{i}|\le1$ 3) $ {a}_{10}={a}_{90} $