Determine all quadruples $(x,y,z,t)$ of positive integers such that \[ 20^x + 14^{2y} = (x + 2y + z)^{zt}.\]

Find the primes ${p, q, r}$, given that one of the numbers ${pqr}$ and ${p + q + r}$ is ${101}$ times the other.

Oleksiy writes all the digits from $0$ to $9$ on the board, after which Vlada erases one of them. Then he writes $10$ nine-digit numbers on the board, each consisting of all the nine digits written on the board (they don't have to be distinct). It turned out that the sum of these $10$ numbers is a ten-digit number, all of whose digits are distinct. Which digit could have been erased by Vlada? [i]Proposed by Oleksii Masalitin[/i]

Consider a set of \( n \geq 3 \) points in the plane where no three are collinear. Prove that the points can be labeled as \( P_1, P_2, \dots, P_n \) so that the angles \( \angle P_i P_{i+1} P_{i+2} \) are less than \( 90^\circ \) for all \( i \).

Let $ABC$ be a non-right triangle with its altitudes intersecting in point $H$. Prove that $ABH$ is an acute triangle if and only if $\angle ACB$ is obtuse.

Find all triples of natural numbers $(a, b, c)$ for which the number $$2^a + 2^b + 2^c + 3$$ is the square of an integer.

In $\triangle ABC$, let its incircle touch $\overline{AC}$ and $\overline{AB}$ at $E$ and $F$ respectively. Let its $A$-excircle have center $I_A$ and touch $\overline{BC}$ at $K$. Let $P$ and $Q$ be points so that $BFPI_A$ and $CEQI_A$ are parallelograms. If $\overline{AI_A}$ and $\overline{PQ}$ intersect at $X$, prove $\overline{KX} \perp \overline{PQ}$.

Triangle $ABC$ has $AB = 5$, $BC = 7$, $CA = 8$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$ and let points $P$ and $Q$ lie on $AB$ and $AC$ respectively such that $MP \perp AB$ and $MQ \perp AC$. If $H$ is the orthocenter of $\triangle{APQ}$ then the area of $\triangle{HPM}$ can be expressed in the form $\frac{a\sqrt{b}}{c}$ where $a$ and $c$ are relatively prime positive integers and $b$ is square-free. Find $a+b+c$. [i]Proposed by Harry Kim[/i]

Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral with an inscribed circle centered at $I$. Let $CI$ intersect $AB$ at $E$. If $\angle IDE=35^\circ$, $\angle ABC=70^\circ$, and $\angle BCD=60^\circ$, then what are all possible measures of $\angle CDA$?

In a triangle $ABC$, let $H, I$ and $O$ be the orthocentre, incentre and circumcentre, respectively. If the points $B, H, I, C$ lie on a circle, what is the magnitude of $\angle BOC$ in degrees?

Consider the recursive sequence defined by $a_{n+1}=a_n^n+1,$ with $a_1=0.$ What is the last digit of $a_{2024}$?

Let $D{}$ be a point inside the triangle $ABC$. Let $E{}$ and $F{}$ be the projections of $D{}$ onto $AB$ and $AC$, respectively. The lines $BD$ and $CD$ intersect the circumcircle of $ABC$ the second time at $M{}$ and $N{}$, respectively. Prove that \[\frac{EF}{MN}\geqslant \frac{r}{R},\]where $r{}$ and $R{}$ are the inradius and circumradius of $ABC$, respectively.

Let $P(x)$ be a monic polynomial of degree $4$ such that for $k = 1, 2, 3$, the remainder when $P(x)$ is divided by $x - k$ is equal to $k$. Find the value of $P(4) + P(0)$.

It is given that there exists a unique triple of positive primes $(p,q,r)$ such that $p<q<r$ and \[\dfrac{p^3+q^3+r^3}{p+q+r} = 249.\] Find $r$.

Let $N$ be the set $\{1, 2, \dots, 2018\}$. For each subset $A$ of $N$ with exactly $1009$ elements, define $$f(A)=\sum\limits_{i \in A} i \sum\limits_{j \in N, j \notin A} j.$$If $\mathbb{E}[f(A)]$ is the expected value of $f(A)$ as $A$ ranges over all the possible subsets of $N$ with exactly $1009$ elements, find the remainder when the sum of the distinct prime factors of $\mathbb{E}[f(A)]$ is divided by $1000$. [i]Proposed by [b]FedeX333X[/b][/i]

Prove that there exists a triangle which can be cut into 2005 congruent triangles.

A majority of the $30$ students in Ms. Demeanor's class bought pencils at the school bookstore. Each of these students bought the same number of pencils, and this number was greater than $1$. The cost of a pencil in cents was greater than the number of pencils each student bought, and the total cost of all the pencils was $\$17.71$. What was the cost of a pencil in cents? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 7 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 11 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 17 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 23 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 77 $

Given posetive real numbers $a_1,a_2,\dots,a_n$ such that $a_1^2+2a_2^3+\dots+na_n^{n+1} <1.$ Prove that $2a_1+3a_2^2+\dots+(n+1)a_{n}^n <3.$

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with orthocenter $H$. The circle through $B, H$, and $C$ intersects lines $AB$ and $AC$ at $D$ and $E$ respectively, and segment $DE$ intersects $HB$ and $HC$ at $P$ and $Q$ respectively. Two points $X$ and $Y$, both different from $A$, are located on lines $AP$ and $AQ$ respectively such that $X, H, A, B$ are concyclic and $Y, H, A, C$ are concyclic. Show that lines $XY$ and $BC$ are parallel.

Prove that for each positive integer $n,$ the number $10^{10^{10^n}}+10^{10^n}+10^n-1$ is not prime.

An arbitrary point $M$ is selected in the interior of the segment $AB$. The square $AMCD$ and $MBEF$ are constructed on the same side of $AB$, with segments $AM$ and $MB$ as their respective bases. The circles circumscribed about these squares, with centers $P$ and $Q$, intersect at $M$ and also at another point $N$. Let $N'$ denote the point of intersection of the straight lines $AF$ and $BC$. a) Prove that $N$ and $N'$ coincide; b) Prove that the straight lines $MN$ pass through a fixed point $S$ independent of the choice of $M$; c) Find the locus of the midpoints of the segments $PQ$ as $M$ varies between $A$ and $B$.

Find all natural numbers $ n$ for which every natural number whose decimal representation has $ n \minus{} 1$ digits $ 1$ and one digit $ 7$ is prime.

All of the triangles in the diagram below are similar to iscoceles triangle $ABC$, in which $AB=AC$. Each of the 7 smallest triangles has area 1, and $\triangle ABC$ has area 40. What is the area of trapezoid $DBCE$? [asy] unitsize(5); dot((0,0)); dot((60,0)); dot((50,10)); dot((10,10)); dot((30,30)); draw((0,0)--(60,0)--(50,10)--(30,30)--(10,10)--(0,0)); draw((10,10)--(50,10)); label("$B$",(0,0),SW); label("$C$",(60,0),SE); label("$E$",(50,10),E); label("$D$",(10,10),W); label("$A$",(30,30),N); draw((10,10)--(15,15)--(20,10)--(25,15)--(30,10)--(35,15)--(40,10)--(45,15)--(50,10)); draw((15,15)--(45,15)); [/asy] $\textbf{(A) } 16 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 18 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 20 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 22 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 24 $

5) A projectile is launched with speed $v_0$ off the edge of a cliff of height $h$, at an angle $\theta$ above the horizontal. Air friction is negligible. To maximize the horizontal range of the projectile, $\theta$ should satisfy which of the following? A) $45^{\circ} < \theta < 90^{\circ}$ B) $\theta = 45^{\circ}$ C) $0^{\circ} < \theta < 45^{\circ}$ D) $\theta = 0^{\circ}$ E) $0^{\circ} < \theta < 45^{\circ}$ or $45^{\circ} < \theta < 90^{\circ}$ depending on the values of $h$ and $v_0$.

Three palaces, each rotating on a duck leg, make a full round in $30$, $50$, and $70$ days, respectively. Today, at noon, all three palaces face northwards. In how many days will they all face southwards?