Found problems: 348
Suppose that a function $f(x)$ defined in $-1<x<1$ satisfies the following properties (i) , (ii), (iii).
(i) $f'(x)$ is continuous.
(ii) When $-1<x<0,\ f'(x)<0,\ f'(0)=0$, when $0<x<1,\ f'(x)>0$.
(iii) $f(0)=-1$
Let $F(x)=\int_0^x \sqrt{1+\{f'(t)\}^2}dt\ (-1<x<1)$. If $F(\sin \theta)=c\theta\ (c :\text{constant})$ holds for $-\frac{\pi}{2}<\theta <\frac{\pi}{2}$, then find $f(x)$.
[i]1975 Waseda University entrance exam/Science and Technology[/i]
Fix a positive real number $c>1$ and positive integer $n$. Initially, a blackboard contains the numbers $1,c,\ldots, c^{n-1}$. Every minute, Bob chooses two numbers $a,b$ on the board and replaces them with $ca+c^2b$. Prove that after $n-1$ minutes, the blackboard contains a single number no less than \[\left(\dfrac{c^{n/L}-1}{c^{1/L}-1}\right)^L,\] where $\phi=\tfrac{1+\sqrt 5}2$ and $L=1+\log_\phi(c)$.
Let $ f : \mathbf {R} \to \mathbf {R} $ be a smooth function such that $ f'(x)^2 = f(x) f''(x) $ for all $x$. Suppose $f(0)=1$ and $f^{(4)} (0) = 9$. Find all possible values of $f'(0)$.
Evaluate $\dfrac{d}{dx}\left(\sin x - \dfrac{4}{3}\sin^3 x\right)$ when $x=15$.
The function $F (x)$ is defined on $R$ and has a second derivative for each value of the variable. Prove that there is a point $x_0$ such that the product $ F(x_0) F''(x_0)$ is non-negative.
PS. In my [url=http://www.1543.su/olympiads/soros/20002001/1/1soros00.htm]source[/url], it is not clear if it means $ F(x_0) F''(x_0)$ or $ F(x_0) F'(x_0)$.
If
\[
\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\frac11 + \frac12 + \dots + \frac 1n}{\binom{n+100}{100}} = \frac pq
\]
for relatively prime positive integers $p,q$, find $p+q$.
[i]Proposed by Michael Kural[/i]
Let $ f$ be a function from the non-negative integers to the non-negative integers such that $ f(nm) \equal{} n f(m) \plus{} m f(n), f(10) \equal{} 19, f(12) \equal{} 52,$ and $ f(15) \equal{} 26.$ What is $ f(8)$?
A. 12
B. 24
C. 36
D. 48
E. 60
For a function $f(x)\ (x\geq 1)$ satisfying $f(x)=(\log_e x)^2-\int_1^e \frac{f(t)}{t}dt$, answer the questions as below.
(a) Find $f(x)$ and the $y$-coordinate of the inflection point of the curve $y=f(x)$.
(b) Find the area of the figure bounded by the tangent line of $y=f(x)$ at the point $(e,\ f(e))$, the curve $y=f(x)$ and the line $x=1$.
Find the minimum value of $\int_1^e \left|\ln x-\frac{a}{x}\right|dx\ (0\leq a\leq e)$
To obtain the value of a polynomial of degree $n$, whose coefficients are $$a_0, a_1, . . . ,a_n$$ (starting with the term of highest degree), when the variable $x$ is given the value $b$, the process indicated in the attached flowchart can be applied, which develops the actions required to apply Ruffini's rule. It is requested to build another flowchart analogous that allows to express the calculation of the value of the derivative of the given polynomial, also for $x = b$.
[img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/a/a/27563a0e97e74553a270fcd743f22176aed83b.png[/img]
Let $a \in \mathbb{R}$ be a parameter.
(1) Prove that the curves of $y = x^2 + (a + 2)x - 2a + 1$ pass through a fixed point; also, the vertices of these parabolas all lie on the curve of a certain parabola.
(2) If the function $x^2 + (a + 2)x - 2a + 1 = 0$ has two distinct real roots, find the value range of the larger root.
Let $r$ be a positive constant. If 2 curves $C_1: y=\frac{2x^2}{x^2+1},\ C_2: y=\sqrt{r^2-x^2}$ have each tangent line at their point of intersection and at which their tangent lines are perpendicular each other, then find the area of the figure bounded by $C_1,\ C_2$.
Let P be an interior point of a regular n-gon $ A_1 A_2 ...A_n$, the lines $ A_i P$ meet the regular n-gon at another point $ B_i$, where $ i\equal{}1,2,...,n$. Prove that sums of all $ PA_i\geq$ sum of all $ PB_i$.
A group of children held a grape-eating contest. When the contest was over, the winner had eaten $ n$ grapes, and the child in $ k$th place had eaten $ n\plus{}2\minus{}2k$ grapes. The total number of grapes eaten in the contest was $ 2009$. Find the smallest possible value of $ n$.
If $b_{1}, b_{2}, \ldots, b_{n}$ are non-negative reals not all zero, then prove that the polynomial \[x^{n}-b_{1}x^{n-1}-b_{2}x^{n-2}-\ldots-b_{n}=0\] has only one positive root $p$, which is simple. Moreover prove that any root of the polynomial does not exceed $p$ in absolute value.
Prove that for any real number $ x$ the following inequality is true:
$ \max\{|\sin x|, |\sin(x\plus{}2010)|\}>\dfrac1{\sqrt{17}}$
Functions $ f,g,h$ are differentiable on some open interval around $ 0$ and satisfy the equations and initial conditions
\begin{align*}f'&=2f^2gh+\frac1{gh},\ f(0)=1,\\
g'&=fg^2h+\frac4{fh},\ g(0)=1,\\
h'&=3fgh^2+\frac1{fg},\ h(0)=1.\end{align*}
Find an explicit formula for $ f(x),$ valid in some open interval around $ 0.$
Let $f:[0,1]\rightarrow{\mathbb{R}}$ be a differentiable function, with continuous derivative, and let
\[ s_{n}=\sum_{k=1}^{n}f\left( \frac{k}{n}\right) \]
Prove that the sequence $(s_{n+1}-s_{n})_{n\in{\mathbb{N}}^{\ast}}$ converges to $\int_{0}^{1}f(x)\mathrm{d}x$.
Calculate
\[\frac{\int_{0}^{\pi}e^{-x}\sin^{n}x\ dx}{\int_{0}^{\pi}e^{x}\sin^{n}x \ dx}\ (n=1,\ 2,\ \cdots). \]
Graph $G_1$ of a quadratic trinomial $y = px^2 + qx + r$ with real coefficients intersects the graph $G_2$ of a quadratic trinomial $y = x^2$ in points $A$, $B$. The intersection of tangents to $G_2$ in points $A$, $B$ is point $C$. If $C \in G_1$, find all possible values of $p$.
For each positive integer $n$, let $f_{n}(\vartheta)=\sin(\vartheta)\cdot \sin(2\vartheta) \cdot \sin(4\vartheta)\cdots \sin(2^{n}\vartheta)$.
For each real $\vartheta$ and all $n$, prove that
\[|f_{n}(\vartheta)| \leq \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}|f_{n}(\frac{\pi}{3})| \]
Let $k$ be a fixed positive integer. The $n$th derivative of $\tfrac{1}{x^k-1}$ has the form $\tfrac{P_n(x)}{(x^k-1)^{n+1}}$, where $P_n(x)$ is a polynomial. Find $P_n(1)$.
A polynomial $P(x)$ of some degree $d$ satisfies $P(n) = n^3 + 10n^2 - 12$ and $P'(n) = 3n^2 + 20n - 1$ for $n = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2.$ Also, $P$ has $d$ distinct (not necessarily real) roots $r_1, r_2, \ldots, r_d.$ The value of
\[ \sum_{k=1}^{d}\frac{1}{4 - r_k^2} \]
can be expressed as a common fraction $\tfrac{p}{q}.$ What is the value of $p + q?$