Found problems: 348
Which of these has the smallest maxima on positive real numbers?
$\textbf{(A)}\ \frac{x^2}{1+x^{12}} \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \frac{x^3}{1+x^{11}} \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{x^4}{1+x^{10}} \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \frac{x^5}{1+x^{9}} \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \frac{x^6}{1+x^{8}}$
Let $a,b,c \in \left[ \frac 12, 1 \right]$. Prove that \[ 2 \leq \frac{ a+b}{1+c} + \frac{ b+c}{1+a} + \frac{ c+a}{1+b} \leq 3 . \]
[i]selected by Mircea Lascu[/i]
Assume that $|f(x)|\leq 1$ and $|f''(x)|\leq 1$ for all $x$ on an interval of length at least $2.$ Show that $|f'(x)|\leq 2 $ on the interval.
Prove that if a sequence of Mikusinski operators of the form $ \mu e^{\minus{}\lambda s}$ ( $ \lambda$ and $ \mu$ nonnegative real
numbers, $ s$ the differentiation operator) is convergent in the sense of Mikusinski, then its limit is also of this form.
[i]E. Geaztelyi[/i]
Find $ \lim_{a\rightarrow{\infty}} \frac{1}{a^2}\int_0^a \ln (1\plus{}e^x)dx$.
For every complex number $z$ different from 0 and 1 we define the following function
\[ f(z) := \sum \frac 1 { \log^4 z } \]
where the sum is over all branches of the complex logarithm.
a) Prove that there are two polynomials $P$ and $Q$ such that $f(z) = \displaystyle \frac {P(z)}{Q(z)} $ for all $z\in\mathbb{C}-\{0,1\}$.
b) Prove that for all $z\in \mathbb{C}-\{0,1\}$ we have
\[ f(z) = \frac { z^3+4z^2+z}{6(z-1)^4}. \]
A cubic polynomial $f$ with a positive leading coefficient has three different positive zeros. Show that $f'(a)+ f'(b)+ f'(c) > 0$.
Use calculus to find the behaviour of the function
\[y=e^x\sin{x} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ -\infty <x< +\infty\]
and sketch the graph of the function for $-2\pi \le x \le 2\pi$. Show clearly the locations of the maxima, minima and points of inflection in your graph.
Let $1<a_{1}<a_{2}<\cdots$ be a sequence of positive integers. Show that \[\frac{2^{a_{1}}}{{a_{1}}!}+\frac{2^{a_{2}}}{{a_{2}}!}+\frac{2^{a_{3}}}{{a_{3}}!}+\cdots\] is irrational.
Find all continuous functions $f : \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ such that for all $x \in \mathbb R$ and for all $n \in \mathbb N^{\ast}$ we have \[ n^2 \int_{x}^{x + \frac{1}{n}} f(t) \, dt = n f(x) + \frac12 . \]
[i]Mihai Piticari[/i]
Suppose a continuous function $f:[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}$ is differentiable on $(0,1)$ and $f(0)=1$, $f(1)=0$. Then, there exists $0<x_0<1$ such that
$$|f'(x_0)| \geq 2018 f(x_0)^{2018}$$
Let $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ a continuous function, derivable on $R\backslash\{x_0\}$, having finite side derivatives in $x_0$. Show that there exists a derivable function $g:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$, a linear function $h:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ and $\alpha\in\{-1,0,1\}$ such that:
\[ f(x)=g(x)+\alpha |h(x)|,\ \forall x\in\mathbb{R} \]
Prove the following inequality:
$x_1 + 2x_2 + 3x_3 + ... + nx_n \leq \frac{n(n-1)}{2} + x_1 + x_2 ^2 + x_3 ^3 + ... + x_n ^n$
where $\forall _{x_i} x_i > 0$
If $ A$ and $ B$ are fixed points on a given circle and $ XY$ is a variable diameter of the same circle, determine the locus of the point of intersection of lines $ AX$ and $ BY$. You may assume that $ AB$ is not a diameter.
The graph of $ y \equal{} 2x^2 \plus{} 4x \plus{} 3$ has its:
$ \textbf{(A)}\ \text{lowest point at } {(\minus{}1,9)}\qquad
\textbf{(B)}\ \text{lowest point at } {(1,1)}\qquad \\
\textbf{(C)}\ \text{lowest point at } {(\minus{}1,1)}\qquad
\textbf{(D)}\ \text{highest point at } {(\minus{}1,9)}\qquad \\
\textbf{(E)}\ \text{highest point at } {(\minus{}1,1)}$
Let $\ell$ be a positive integer, and let $m,n$ be positive integers with $m\geq n$, such that $A_1,A_2,\cdots,A_m,B_1,\cdots,B_m$ are $m+n$ pairwise distinct subsets of the set $\{1,2,\cdots,\ell\}$. It is known that $A_i\Delta B_j$ are pairwise distinct, $1\leq i\leq m, 1\leq j\leq n$, and runs over all nonempty subsets of $\{1,2,\cdots,\ell\}$. Find all possible values of $m,n$.
Let $ S \equal{} \{2^0,2^1,2^2,\ldots,2^{10}\}$. Consider all possible positive differences of pairs of elements of $ S$. Let $ N$ be the sum of all of these differences. Find the remainder when $ N$ is divided by $ 1000$.
If the polynomials $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ are written on a blackboard then we can also write down the polynomials $f(x)\pm g(x)$, $f(x)g(x)$, $f(g(x))$ and $cf(x)$, where $c$ is an arbitrary real constant. The polynomials $x^3-3x^2+5$ and $x^2-4x$ are written on the blackboard. Can we write a nonzero polynomial of form $x^n-1$ after a finite number of steps?
Given is the function $f(x)=-x+\sqrt{(x+a)(x+b)}$, where $a$, $b$ are distinct given positive real numbers. Prove that for all real numbers $s\in (0,1)$ there exist only one positive real number $\alpha$ such that \[ f(\alpha)=\sqrt [s]{\frac{a^s+b^s}{2}} . \]
Prove that \[ \frac{1}{a^2+2} + \frac{1}{b^2+2} + \frac{1}{c^2+2} \le \frac{1}{6ab+c^2} + \frac{1}{6bc+a^2} + \frac{1}{6ca+b^2} \] for all positive real numbers $a$, $b$ and $c$ satisfying $a^2+b^2+c^2=1$.
Let $f,g,h:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that $f$ is differentiable, $g$ and $h$ are monotonic, and $f'=f+g+h$. Prove that the set of the points of discontinuity of $g$ coincides with the respective set of $h$.
Let $\mathcal{F}$ be the set of functions $f: [0,1]\to\mathbb{R}$ that are differentiable, with continuous derivative, and $f(0)=0$, $f(1)=1$. Find the minimum of $\int_{0}^{1}\sqrt{1+x^{2}}\cdot \big(f'(x)\big)^{2}\ dx$ (where $f\in\mathcal{F}$) and find all functions $f\in\mathcal{F}$ for which this minimum is attained.
[hide="Comment"]
In the contest, this was the b) point of the problem. The a) point was simply ``Prove the Cauchy inequality in integral form''.
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Find all real-valued continuously differentiable functions $f$ on the real line such that for all $x$, \[ \left( f(x) \right)^2 = \displaystyle\int_0^x \left[ \left( f(t) \right)^2 + \left( f'(t) \right)^2 \right] \, \mathrm{d}t + 1990. \]
Let be a differentiable function $ f:[0,1]\longrightarrow\mathbb{R} $ whose derivative has a positive Lipschitz constant $ L. $ Show that
[b]a)[/b] $ x,y\in [0,1]\implies | f(x)-f(y)-f'(y)(x-y) |\le L\cdot (x-y)^2 $
[b]b)[/b] $ \lim_{n\to\infty } \left( n\int_0^1 f(x)dx-\sum_{i=1}^nf\left( \frac{2i-1}{2n} \right) \right) =0. $
Let $0 < \alpha, \beta, \gamma < \frac{\pi}{2}$ and $\sin^{3} \alpha + \sin^{3} \beta + \sin^3 \gamma = 1$. Prove that
\[ \tan^{2} \alpha + \tan^{2} \beta + \tan^{2} \gamma \geq \frac{3 \sqrt{3}}{2} . \]