Found problems: 85335
2010 All-Russian Olympiad, 4
Given is a natural number $n \geq 3$. What is the smallest possible value of $k$ if the following statements are true?
For every $n$ points $ A_i = (x_i, y_i) $ on a plane, where no three points are collinear, and for any real numbers $ c_i$ ($1 \le i \le n$) there exists such polynomial $P(x, y)$, the degree of which is no more than $k$, where $ P(x_i, y_i) = c_i $ for every $i = 1, \dots, n$.
(The degree of a nonzero monomial $ a_{i,j} x^{i}y^{j} $ is $i+j$, while the degree of polynomial $P(x, y)$ is the greatest degree of the degrees of its monomials.)
2008 Purple Comet Problems, 24
Each of the distinct letters in the following addition problem represents a different digit. Find the number represented by the word MEET.
$ \begin{array}{cccccc}P&U&R&P&L&E\\&C&O&M&E&T\\&&M&E&E&T\\ \hline Z&Z&Z&Z&Z&Z\end{array} $
2008 AMC 12/AHSME, 7
For real numbers $ a$ and $ b$, define $ a\$b\equal{}(a\minus{}b)^2$. What is $ (x\minus{}y)^2\$(y\minus{}x)^2$?
$ \textbf{(A)}\ 0 \qquad
\textbf{(B)}\ x^2\plus{}y^2 \qquad
\textbf{(C)}\ 2x^2 \qquad
\textbf{(D)}\ 2y^2 \qquad
\textbf{(E)}\ 4xy$
2025 CMIMC Combo/CS, 2
Every day, Pinky the flamingo eats either $1$ or $2$ shrimp, each with equal probability. Once Pinky has consumed $10$ or more shrimp in total, its skin will turn pink. Once Pinky has consumed $11$ or more shrimp in total, it will get sick. What is the probability that Pinky does not get sick on the day its skin turns pink?
2023 Regional Olympiad of Mexico West, 4
Prove that you can pick $15$ distinct positive integers between $1$ and $2023$, such that each one of them and the sum between some of them is never a perfect square, nor a perfect cube or any other greater perfect power.
2021 ABMC., Team
[u]Round 1[/u]
[b]1.1.[/b] There are $99$ dogs sitting in a long line. Starting with the third dog in the line, if every third dog barks three times, and all the other dogs each bark once, how many barks are there in total?
[b]1.2.[/b] Indigo notices that when she uses her lucky pencil, her test scores are always $66 \frac23 \%$ higher than when she uses normal pencils. What percent lower is her test score when using a normal pencil than her test score when using her lucky pencil?
[b]1.3.[/b] Bill has a farm with deer, sheep, and apple trees. He mostly enjoys looking after his apple trees, but somehow, the deer and sheep always want to eat the trees' leaves, so Bill decides to build a fence around his trees. The $60$ trees are arranged in a $5\times 12$ rectangular array with $5$ feet between each pair of adjacent trees. If the rectangular fence is constructed $6$ feet away from the array of trees, what is the area the fence encompasses in feet squared? (Ignore the width of the trees.)
[u]Round 2[/u]
[b]2.1.[/b] If $x + 3y = 2$, then what is the value of the expression $9^x * 729^y$?
[b]2.2.[/b] Lazy Sheep loves sleeping in, but unfortunately, he has school two days a week. If Lazy Sheep wakes up each day before school's starting time with probability $1/8$ independent of previous days, then the probability that Lazy Sheep wakes up late on at least one school day over a given week is $p/q$ for relatively prime positive integers $p, q$. Find $p + q$.
[b]2.3.[/b] An integer $n$ leaves remainder $1$ when divided by $4$. Find the sum of the possible remainders $n$ leaves when divided by $20$.
[u]Round 3[/u]
[b]3.1. [/b]Jake has a circular knob with three settings that can freely rotate. Each minute, he rotates the knob $120^o$ clockwise or counterclockwise at random. The probability that the knob is back in its original state after $4$ minutes is $p/q$ for relatively prime positive integers $p, q$. Find $p + q$.
[b]3.2.[/b] Given that $3$ not necessarily distinct primes $p, q, r$ satisfy $p+6q +2r = 60$, find the sum of all possible values of $p + q + r$.
[b]3.3.[/b] Dexter's favorite number is the positive integer $x$, If $15x$ has an even number of proper divisors, what is the smallest possible value of $x$? (Note: A proper divisor of a positive integer is a divisor other than itself.)
[u]Round 4[/u]
[b]4.1.[/b] Three circles of radius $1$ are each tangent to the other two circles. A fourth circle is externally tangent to all three circles. The radius of the fourth circle can be expressed as $\frac{a\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}}{d}$ for positive integers $a, b, c, d$ where $b$ is not divisible by the square of any prime and $a$ and $d$ are relatively prime. Find $a + b + c + d$.
[b]4.2. [/b]Evaluate $$\frac{\sqrt{15}}{3} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{35}}{5} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{63}}{7}... \cdot \frac{\sqrt{5475}}{73}$$
[b]4.3.[/b] For any positive integer $n$, let $f(n)$ denote the number of digits in its base $10$ representation, and let $g(n)$ denote the number of digits in its base $4$ representation. For how many $n$ is $g(n)$ an integer multiple of $f(n)$?
PS. You should use hide for answers. Rounds 5-8 have been posted [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3h2784571p24468619]here[/url]. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].
2014 Vietnam Team Selection Test, 6
$m,n,p$ are positive integers which do not simultaneously equal to zero. $3$D Cartesian space is divided into unit cubes by planes each perpendicular to one of $3$ axes and cutting corresponding axis at integer coordinates. Each unit cube is filled with an integer from $1$ to $60$. A filling of integers is called [i]Dien Bien[/i] if, for each rectangular box of size $\{2m+1,2n+1,2p+1\}$, the number in the unit cube which has common centre with the rectangular box is the average of the $8$ numbers of the $8$ unit cubes at the $8$ corners of that rectangular box. How many [i]Dien Bien[/i] fillings are there?
Two fillings are the same if one filling can be transformed to the other filling via a translation.
[hide]translation from [url=http://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h592875p3515526]here[/url][/hide]
2000 Polish MO Finals, 1
Find number of solutions in non-negative reals to the following equations:
\begin{eqnarray*}x_1 + x_n ^2 = 4x_n \\ x_2 + x_1 ^2 = 4x_1 \\ ... \\ x_n + x_{n-1}^2 = 4x_{n-1} \end{eqnarray*}
2016 Stars of Mathematics, 3
Let $ n $ be a natural number, and $ 2n $ nonnegative real numbers $ a_1,a_2,\ldots ,a_{2n} $ such that $ a_1a_2\cdots a_{2n}=1. $ Show that
$$ 2^{n+1} +\left( a_1^2+a_2^2 \right)\left( a_3^2+a_4^2 \right)\cdots\left( a_{2n-1}^2+a_{2n}^2 \right) \ge 3\left( a_1+a_2 \right)\left( a_3+a_4 \right)\cdots\left( a_{2n-1}+a_{2n} \right) , $$
and specify in which circumstances equality happens.
2016 Japan MO Preliminary, 11
How many pairs $(a, b)$ for integers $a, b \ge 2$ which exist the sequence $x_1, x_2, . . . , x_{1000}$ which satisfy conditions as below?
1.Terms $x_1, x_2, . . . , x_{1000}$ are sorting of $1, 2, . . . , 1000$.
2.For each integers $1 \le i < 1000$, the sequence forms $x_{i+1} = x_i + a$ or $x_{i+1} = x_i - b$.
2022 Chile TST IMO, 2
Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle with $|AB| \neq |AC|$. Let $D$ be the foot of the altitude from $A$ to $BC$, and let $E$ be the intersection of the bisector of angle $\angle BAC$ with side $BC$. Let $P$ and $Q$ be the intersection points of the circumcircle of triangle $ADE$ with $AC$ and $AB$, respectively. Prove that the lines $AD$, $BP$, and $CQ$ pass through a common point.
2007 All-Russian Olympiad, 7
Given a matrix $\{a_{ij}\}_{i,j=0}^{9}$, $a_{ij}=10i+j+1$. Andrei is going to cover its entries by $50$ rectangles $1\times 2$ (each such rectangle contains two adjacent entries) so that the sum of $50$ products in these rectangles is minimal possible. Help him.
[i]A. Badzyan[/i]
2014 Contests, 3
Let $l$ be the tangent line at the point $P(s,\ t)$ on a circle $C:x^2+y^2=1$. Denote by $m$ the line passing through the point $(1,\ 0)$, parallel to $l$. Let the line $m$ intersects the circle $C$ at $P'$ other than the point $(1,\ 0)$.
Note : if $m$ is the line $x=1$, then $P'$ is considered as $(1,\ 0)$.
Call $T$ the operation such that the point $P'(s',\ t')$ is obtained from the point $P(s,\ t)$ on $C$.
(1) Express $s',\ t'$ as the polynomials of $s$ and $t$ respectively.
(2) Let $P_n$ be the point obtained by $n$ operations of $T$ for $P$.
For $P\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2},\ \frac{1}{2}\right)$, plot the points $P_1,\ P_2$ and $P_3$.
(3) For a positive integer $n$, find the number of $P$ such that $P_n=P$.
2004 ITAMO, 6
Let $P$ be a point inside a triangle $ABC$. Lines $AP,BP,CP$ meet the opposite sides of the triangle at points $A',B',C'$ respectively. Denote $x =\frac{AP}{PA'}, y = \frac{BP}{PB'}$ and $z = \frac{CP}{PC'}$. Prove that $xyz = x+y+z+2$.
2017 Ecuador Juniors, 5
Two positive integers are coprime if their greatest common divisor is $1$. Let $C$ be the set of all divisors of the number $8775$ that are greater than $ 1$. A set of $k$ consecutive positive integers satisfies that each of them is coprime with some element of $C$. Determine the largest possible value of $K$.
VI Soros Olympiad 1999 - 2000 (Russia), 11.2
A bus and a cyclist left town $A$ at $10$ o'clock in the same direction, and a motorcyclist left town $B$ to meet them $15$ minutes later. The bus drove past the pedestrian at $10$ o'clock $30$ minutes, met the motorcyclist at $11$ o'clock and arrived in the city of $B$ at $12$ o'clock. The motorcyclist met the cyclist $15$ minutes after meeting the bus and another $15$ minutes later caught up with the pedestrian. At what time did the cyclist and the pedestrian meet? (The speeds and directions of movement of all participants were equal, the pedestrian and the motorcyclist were moving in the direction of city $A$.)
2023 Macedonian Team Selection Test, Problem 1
Let $s(n)$ denote the smallest prime divisor and $d(n)$ denote the number of positive divisors of a positive integer $n>1$. Is it possible to choose $2023$ positive integers $a_{1},a_{2},...,a_{2023}$ with $a_{1}<a_{2}-1<...<a_{2023}-2022$ such that for all $k=1,...,2022$ we have $d(a_{k+1}-a_{k}-1)>2023^{k}$ and $s(a_{k+1}-a_{k}) > 2023^{k}$?
[i]Authored by Nikola Velov[/i]
2010 Indonesia TST, 1
Find all functions $ f : R \to R$ that satisfies $$xf(y) - yf(x)= f\left(\frac{y}{x}\right)$$ for all $x, y \in R$.
2009 ELMO Problems, 5
Let $ABCDEFG$ be a regular heptagon with center $O$. Let $M$ be the centroid of $\triangle ABD$. Prove that $\cos^2(\angle GOM)$ is rational and determine its value.
[i]Evan o'Dorney[/i]
1995 Belarus Team Selection Test, 2
Circles $S,S_1,S_2$ are given in a plane. $S_1$ and $S_2$ touch each other externally, and both touch $S$ internally at $A_1$ and $A_2$ respectively. The common internal tangent to $S_1$ and $S_2$ meets $S$ at $P$ and $Q.$ Let $B_1$ and $B_2$ be the intersections of $PA_1$ and $PA_2$ with $S_1$ and $S_2$, respectively. Prove that $B_1B_2$ is a common tangent to $S_1,S_2$
2008 Putnam, B2
Let $ F_0\equal{}\ln x.$ For $ n\ge 0$ and $ x>0,$ let $ \displaystyle F_{n\plus{}1}(x)\equal{}\int_0^xF_n(t)\,dt.$ Evaluate $ \displaystyle\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{n!F_n(1)}{\ln n}.$
1996 ITAMO, 2
Show that the equation $a^2 + b^2 = c^2 + 3$ has infinetely many triples of integers $a, b, c$ that are solutions.
2007 Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament, 7
Compute \[\sum_{n=1}^\infty \dfrac{1}{n\cdot(n+1)\cdot(n+1)!}.\]
IV Soros Olympiad 1997 - 98 (Russia), 9.6
Cut an acute triangle, one of whose sides is equal to the altitude drawn, by two straight cuts, into four parts, from which you can fold a square.
2013 National Olympiad First Round, 27
For how many pairs $(a,b)$ from $(1,2)$, $(3,5)$, $(5,7)$, $(7,11)$, the polynomial $P(x)=x^5+ax^4+bx^3+bx^2+ax+1$ has exactly one real root?
$
\textbf{(A)}\ 4
\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 3
\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 2
\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 1
\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 0
$