Found problems: 134
Prove that every polynomial of fourth degree can be represented in the form $P(Q(x))+R(S(x))$, where $P,Q,R,S$ are quadratic trinomials.
[i]A. Golovanov[/i]
[b]EDIT.[/b] It is confirmed that assuming the coefficients to be [b]real[/b], while solving the problem, earned a maximum score.
For all integers $x,y,z$, let \[S(x,y,z) = (xy - xz, yz-yx, zx - zy).\] Prove that for all integers $a$, $b$ and $c$ with $abc>1$, and for every integer $n\geq n_0$, there exists integers $n_0$ and $k$ with $0<k\leq abc$ such that \[S^{n+k}(a,b,c) \equiv S^n(a,b,c) \pmod {abc}.\] ($S^1 = S$ and for every integer $m\geq 1$, $S^{m+1} = S \circ S^m.$
$(u_1, u_2, u_3) \equiv (v_1, v_2, v_3) \pmod M \Longleftrightarrow u_i \equiv v_i \pmod M (i=1,2,3).$)
Given $n$ chairs around a circle which are marked with numbers from 1 to $n$ .There are $k$, $k \leq 4 \cdot n$ students sitting on those chairs .Two students are called neighbours if there is no student sitting between them. Between two neighbours students ,there are at less 3 chairs. Find the number of choices of $k$ chairs so that $k$ students can sit on those and the condition is satisfied.
Let triangle ABC with $ AB=c$ $AC=b$ $BC=a$ $R$ circumradius, $p$ half peremetr of $ABC$.
I f $\frac{acosA+bcosB+ccosC}{asinA+bsinB+csinC}=\frac{p}{9R}$ then find all value of $cosA$.
For integers $x$, $y$, and $z$, we have $(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=x+y+z$. Prove that $27|x+y+z$.
Find all positive integer $n$ for which there exist real number $a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n$ such that
$$\{a_j-a_i|1\le i<j\le n\}=\left\{1,2,\ldots,\frac{n(n-1)}2\right\}.$$
For all integral values of parameter $t$, find all integral solutions $(x,y)$ of the equation
$$ y^2 = x^4-22x^3+43x^2+858x+t^2+10452(t+39)$$ .
Let $ Y_n$ be a binomial random variable with parameters $ n$ and $ p$. Assume that a certain set $ H$ of positive integers has a density and that this density is equal to $ d$. Prove the following statements:
(a) $ \lim _{n \rightarrow \infty}P(Y_n\in H)\equal{}d$ if $ H$ is an arithmetic progression.
(b) The previous limit relation is not valid for arbitrary $ H$.
(c) If $ H$ is such that $ P(Y_n \in H)$ is convergent, then the limit must be equal to $ d$.
[i]L. Posa[/i]
A 100 foot long moving walkway moves at a constant rate of 6 feet per second. Al steps onto the start of the walkway and stands. Bob steps onto the start of the walkway two seconds later and strolls forward along the walkway at a constant rate of 4 feet per second. Two seconds after that, Cy reaches the start of the walkway and walks briskly forward beside the walkway at a constant rate of 8 feet per second. At a certain time, one of these three persons is exactly halfway between the other two. At that time, find the distance in feet between the start of the walkway and the middle person.
Given is the equation $x^2+y^2-axy+2=0$ where $a$ is a positive integral parameter.
$i.$Show that,for $a\neq 4$ there exist no pairs $(x,y)$ of positive integers satisfying the equation.
$ii.$ Show that,for $a=4$ there exist infinite pairs $(x,y)$ of positive integers satisfying the equation,and determine those pairs.
Let $n$ be a positive integer number and let $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$ be $n$ positive real numbers. Prove that $f : [0, \infty) \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, defined by
\[f(x) = \dfrac{a_1 + x}{a_2 + x} + \dfrac{a_2 + x}{a_3 + x} + \cdots + \dfrac{a_{n-1} + x}{a_n + x} + \dfrac{a_n + x}{a_1 + x}, \]
is a decreasing function.
[i]Dan Marinescu et al.[/i]
There are some people in a meeting; each doesn't know at least 56 others, and for any pair, there exist a third one who knows both of them. Can the number of people be 65?
For the several values of the parameter $m\in \mathbb{N^{*}}$,find the pairs of integers $(a,b)$ that satisfy the relation
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \frac{[a,m]+[b,m]}{(a+b)m}=\frac{10}{11}$,
and,moreover,on the Cartesian plane $Oxy$ the lie in the square $D=\{(x,y):1\leq x\leq 36,1\leq y\leq 36\}$.
[i][u]Note:[/u]$[k,l]$ denotes the least common multiple of the positive integers $k,l$.[/i]
Let $ f_m: \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$, $ f_m(x)\equal{}(m^2\plus{}m\plus{}1)x^2\minus{}2(m^2\plus{}1)x\plus{}m^2\minus{}m\plus{}1,$ where $ m \in \mathbb R$.
1) Find the fixed common point of all this parabolas.
2) Find $ m$ such that the distance from that fixed point to $ Oy$ is minimal.
Let $\alpha$ and $\beta$ be real numbers with $\beta \ne 0$. Determine all functions $f:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ such that
\[f(\alpha f(x)+f(y))=\beta x+f(y)\]
holds for all real $x$ and $y$.
[i](Walther Janous)[/i]
Let $n$ be a positive integer number and let $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$ be $n$ positive real numbers. Prove that $f : [0, \infty) \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, defined by
\[f(x) = \dfrac{a_1 + x}{a_2 + x} + \dfrac{a_2 + x}{a_3 + x} + \cdots + \dfrac{a_{n-1} + x}{a_n + x} + \dfrac{a_n + x}{a_1 + x}, \]
is a decreasing function.
[i]Dan Marinescu et al.[/i]
Two numbers are randomly selected from interval $I = [0, 1]$. Given $\alpha \in I$, what is the probability that the smaller of the two numbers does not exceed $\alpha$?
Is the answer $(100 \alpha)$%, it just seems too easy. :|
Find all real numbers $x,y,z\geq 1$ satisfying \[\min(\sqrt{x+xyz},\sqrt{y+xyz},\sqrt{z+xyz})=\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-1}.\]
Determine the real numbers $a$ such that the equation $a 3^x + 3^{-x} = 3$ has exactly one solution $x.$
For $a,b, x \in R$ holds: $x^2 - (2a^2 + 4)x + a^2 + 2a + b = 0$. For which $b$ does this equation have at least one root between $0$ and $1$ for all $a$?
Fix positive integers $k$ and $n$.Derive a simple expression involving Fibonacci numbers for the number of sequences $(T_1,T_2,\ldots,T_k)$ of subsets $T_i$ of $[n]$ such that $T_1\subseteq T_2\supseteq T_3\subseteq T_4\supseteq\ldots$.
[color=#008000]Moderator says: and the original source for this one is Richard Stanley, [i]Enumerative Combinatorics[/i] vol. 1 (1st edition), exercise 1.15.[/color]
Do there exist real numbers $a,b,c$ such that the system of equations
\begin{align*}
x+y+z&=a\\
x^2+y^2+z^2&=b\\
x^4+y^4+z^4&=c
\end{align*}
has infinitely many real solutions $(x,y,z)$?
Find all real numbers $x,y,z\geq 1$ satisfying \[\min(\sqrt{x+xyz},\sqrt{y+xyz},\sqrt{z+xyz})=\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-1}.\]
Find values of the parameter $u$ for which the expression
\[y = \frac{ \tan(x-u) + \tan(x) + \tan(x+u)}{ \tan(x-u)\tan(x)\tan(x+u)}\]
does not depend on $x.$
Determine all $a\in\mathbb R$ such that the inequality \[x^4+x^3-2(a+1)x^2-ax+a^2<0\] has at least one real solution $x.$