Olympiad problems

1993 AMC 12/AHSME, 20

Consider the equation $10z^2-3iz-k=0$, where $z$ is a complex variable and $i^2=-1$. Which of the following statements is true? $ \textbf{(A)}\ \text{For all positive real numbers}\ k,\ \text{both roots are pure imaginary.} \\ \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \text{For all negative real numbers}\ k,\ \text{both roots are pure imaginary.} \\ \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \text{For all pure imaginary numbers}\ k,\ \text{both roots are real and rational.} \\ \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \text{For all pure imaginary numbers}\ k,\ \text{both roots are real and irrational.} \\ \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{For all complex numbers}\ k,\ \text{neither root is real.} $

2008 Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament, 7

Tags: quadratic , hmmt , vieta , trigonometry , polynomial , algebra

A [i]root of unity[/i] is a complex number that is a solution to $ z^n \equal{} 1$ for some positive integer $ n$. Determine the number of roots of unity that are also roots of $ z^2 \plus{} az \plus{} b \equal{} 0$ for some integers $ a$ and $ b$.

2006 Estonia Math Open Senior Contests, 2

Tags: combinatorics , quadratic , algebra

After the schoolday is over, Juku must attend an extra math class. The teacher writes a quadratic equation $ x^2\plus{} p_1x\plus{}q_1 \equal{} 0$ with integer coefficients on the blackboard and Juku has to find its solutions. If they are not both integers, Jukumay go home. If the solutions are integers, then the teacher writes a new equation $ x^2 \plus{} p_2x \plus{} q_2 \equal{} 0,$ where $ p_2$ and $ q_2$ are the solutions of the previous equation taken in some order, and everything starts all over. Find all possible values for $ p_1$ and $ q_1$ such that the teacher can hold Juku at school forever.

2006 Silk Road, 3

Tags: number theory , quadratic

A subset $S$ of the set $M=\{1,2,.....,p-1\}$,where $p$ is a prime number of the kind $12n+11$,is [i]essential[/i],if the product ${\Pi}_s$ of all elements of the subset is not less than the product $\bar{{\Pi}_s}$ of all other elements of the set.The [b]difference[/b] $\bigtriangleup_s=\Pi_s-\bar{{\Pi}_s}$ is called [i]the deviation[/i] of the subset $S$.Define the least possible remainder of division by $p$ of the deviation of an essential subset,containing $\frac{p-1}{2}$ elements.

2012 Tuymaada Olympiad, 2

Tags: polynomial , quadratic , sum of roots , inequalities , algebra

Let $P(x)$ be a real quadratic trinomial, so that for all $x\in \mathbb{R}$ the inequality $P(x^3+x)\geq P(x^2+1)$ holds. Find the sum of the roots of $P(x)$. [i]Proposed by A. Golovanov, M. Ivanov, K. Kokhas[/i]

2007 Greece National Olympiad, 1

Tags: quadratic , modular arithmetic

Find all positive integers $n$ such that $4^{n}+2007$ is a perfect square.

2013 Iran Team Selection Test, 5

Tags: number theory , modular arithmetic , quadratic , vieta , algebra , polynomial

Do there exist natural numbers $a, b$ and $c$ such that $a^2+b^2+c^2$ is divisible by $2013(ab+bc+ca)$? [i]Proposed by Mahan Malihi[/i]

2009 Rioplatense Mathematical Olympiad, Level 3, 1

Tags: quadratic , algebra

Find all pairs $(a, b)$ of real numbers with the following property: [list]Given any real numbers $c$ and $d$, if both of the equations $x^2+ax+1=c$ and $x^2+bx+1=d$ have real roots, then the equation $x^2+(a+b)x+1=cd$ has real roots.[/list]

1993 China Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: function , quadratic , inequalities , algebra

Let $n \geq 2, n \in \mathbb{N}$, $a,b,c,d \in \mathbb{N}$, $\frac{a}{b} + \frac{c}{d} < 1$ and $a + c \leq n,$ find the maximum value of $\frac{a}{b} + \frac{c}{d}$ for fixed $n.$

2011 Kazakhstan National Olympiad, 6

Tags: function , quadratic , algebra , trigonometry

Determine all pairs of positive real numbers $(a, b)$ for which there exists a function $ f:\mathbb{R^{+}}\rightarrow\mathbb{R^{+}} $ satisfying for all positive real numbers $x$ the equation $ f(f(x))=af(x)- bx $

2000 USAMO, 2

Tags: quadratic , inradius , geometry

Let $S$ be the set of all triangles $ABC$ for which \[ 5 \left( \dfrac{1}{AP} + \dfrac{1}{BQ} + \dfrac{1}{CR} \right) - \dfrac{3}{\min\{ AP, BQ, CR \}} = \dfrac{6}{r}, \] where $r$ is the inradius and $P, Q, R$ are the points of tangency of the incircle with sides $AB, BC, CA,$ respectively. Prove that all triangles in $S$ are isosceles and similar to one another.

2002 Iran Team Selection Test, 12

Tags: combinatorics , quadratic , group theory , induction

We call a permutation $ \left(a_1, a_2, ..., a_n\right)$ of $ \left(1, 2, ..., n\right)$ [i]quadratic[/i] if there exists at least a perfect square among the numbers $ a_1$, $ a_1 \plus{} a_2$, $ ...$, $ a_1 \plus{} a_2 \plus{} ... \plus{} a_n$. Find all natural numbers $ n$ such that all permutations in $ S_n$ are quadratic. [i]Remark.[/i] $ S_{n}$ denotes the $ n$-th symmetric group, the group of permutations on $ n$ elements.

2009 Middle European Mathematical Olympiad, 6

Tags: algebra , quadratic , trigonometry

Let $ a$, $ b$, $ c$ be real numbers such that for every two of the equations \[ x^2\plus{}ax\plus{}b\equal{}0, \quad x^2\plus{}bx\plus{}c\equal{}0, \quad x^2\plus{}cx\plus{}a\equal{}0\] there is exactly one real number satisfying both of them. Determine all possible values of $ a^2\plus{}b^2\plus{}c^2$.

1994 Cono Sur Olympiad, 2

Tags: conic , analytic geometry , quadratic , greatest common divisor , number theory , calculus , integration

Solve the following equation in integers with gcd (x, y) = 1 $x^2 + y^2 = 2 z^2$

2014 Online Math Open Problems, 27

Tags: algebra , quadratic , function , polynomial , induction , modular arithmetic

Let $p = 2^{16}+1$ be a prime, and let $S$ be the set of positive integers not divisible by $p$. Let $f: S \to \{0, 1, 2, ..., p-1\}$ be a function satisfying \[ f(x)f(y) \equiv f(xy)+f(xy^{p-2}) \pmod{p} \quad\text{and}\quad f(x+p) = f(x) \] for all $x,y \in S$. Let $N$ be the product of all possible nonzero values of $f(81)$. Find the remainder when when $N$ is divided by $p$. [i]Proposed by Yang Liu and Ryan Alweiss[/i]

2005 Poland - Second Round, 1

Tags: number theory , quadratic , polynomial , algebra , modular arithmetic

The polynomial $W(x)=x^2+ax+b$ with integer coefficients has the following property: for every prime number $p$ there is an integer $k$ such that both $W(k)$ and $W(k+1)$ are divisible by $p$. Show that there is an integer $m$ such that $W(m)=W(m+1)=0$.

2006 Lithuania Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: inequalities , quadratic , number theory

Solve in integers $x$ and $y$ the equation $x^3-y^3=2xy+8$.

1999 National Olympiad First Round, 12

Tags: quadratic , algebra , polynomial

\[ \begin{array}{c} {x^{2} \plus{} y^{2} \plus{} z^{2} \equal{} 21} \\ {x \plus{} y \plus{} z \plus{} xyz \equal{} \minus{} 3} \\ {x^{2} yz \plus{} y^{2} xz \plus{} z^{2} xy \equal{} \minus{} 40} \end{array} \] The number of real triples $ \left(x,y,z\right)$ satisfying above system is $\textbf{(A)}\ 0 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 3 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 6 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 12 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{None}$

2006 MOP Homework, 3

Tags: algebra , quadratic , polynomial

Prove for every irrational real number a, there are irrational numbers b and b' such that a+b and ab' are rational while a+b' and ab are irrational.

2017 Thailand TSTST, 2

Tags: modular arithmetic , number theory , euler , quadratic , prime number , function

Suppose that for some $m,n\in\mathbb{N}$ we have $\varphi (5^m-1)=5^n-1$, where $\varphi$ denotes the Euler function. Show that $(m,n)>1$.

2000 Pan African, 2

Tags: quadratic , polynomial , algebra

Define the polynomials $P_0, P_1, P_2 \cdots$ by: \[ P_0(x)=x^3+213x^2-67x-2000 \] \[ P_n(x)=P_{n-1}(x-n), n \in N \] Find the coefficient of $x$ in $P_{21}(x)$.

2003 Purple Comet Problems, 18

Tags: quadratic , analytic geometry

A circle radius $320$ is tangent to the inside of a circle radius $1000$. The smaller circle is tangent to a diameter of the larger circle at a point $P$. How far is the point $P$ from the outside of the larger circle?

2022 AMC 12/AHSME, 4

Tags: quadratic

For how many values of the constant $k$ will the polynomial $x^{2}+kx+36$ have two distinct integer roots? $\textbf{(A) }6 \qquad \textbf{(B) }8 \qquad \textbf{(C) }9 \qquad \textbf{(D) }14 \qquad \textbf{(E) }16$

1984 AMC 12/AHSME, 21

Tags: quadratic , algebra

The number of triples $(a,b,c)$ of positive integers which satisfy the simultaneous equations \begin{align*} ab+bc &= 44,\\ ac+bc &= 23, \end{align*} is $\textbf{(A) }0\qquad \textbf{(B) }1\qquad \textbf{(C) }2\qquad \textbf{(D) }3\qquad \textbf{(E) }4$

1966 AMC 12/AHSME, 37

Tags: quadratic , algebra , polynomial

Three men, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma, working together, do a job in $6$ hours less time than Alpha alone, in $1$ hour less time than Beta alone, and in one-half the time needed by Gamma when working alone. Let $h$ be the number of hours needed by Alpha and Beta, working together to do the job. Then $h$ equals: $\text{(A)}\ \dfrac{5}{2}\qquad \text{(B)}\ \frac{3}{2}\qquad \text{(C)}\ \dfrac{4}{3}\qquad \text{(D)}\ \dfrac{5}{4}\qquad \text{(E)}\ \dfrac{3}{4}$