Let $m,n,p$ be rational numbers such that $\sqrt{m} + \sqrt{n} + \sqrt{p}$ is a rational number. Prove that $\sqrt{m}, \sqrt{n}, \sqrt{p}$ are also rational numbers

The points $P,Q,R$ and $A,B,C,D$ lie on a circle (clockwise) such that $\vartriangle PQR$ is equilateral and $ABCD$ is a square. The points $A$ and $P$ coincide. Prove that the symmetric of $B$ and $D$ wrt $PQ$ and $PR$ respectively lie on the sidelines of the symmetric square wrt $QR$.

Let $ABCDEF$ regular hexagon of side length $1$ and $O$ is its center. In addition to the sides of the hexagon, line segments from $O$ to the every vertex are drawn, making as total of $12$ unit segments. Find the number paths of length $2003$ along these segments that star at $O$ and terminate at $O$.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB=AC$, and let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$. Let $P$ be a point such that $PB<PC$ and $PA$ is parallel to $BC$. Let $X$ and $Y$ be points on the lines $PB$ and $PC$, respectively, so that $B$ lies on the segment $PX$, $C$ lies on the segment $PY$, and $\angle PXM=\angle PYM$. Prove that the quadrilateral $APXY$ is cyclic.

Let $ ABCD$ be a triangular pyramid such that no face of the pyramid is a right triangle and the orthocenters of triangles $ ABC$, $ ABD$, and $ ACD$ are collinear. Prove that the center of the sphere circumscribed to the pyramid lies on the plane passing through the midpoints of $ AB$, $ AC$ and $ AD$.

On the plane are three straight lines $\ell_1, \ell_2,\ell_3$, forming a triangle, and the point $O$ is marked, the center of the circumscribed circle of this triangle. For an arbitrary point X of the plane, we denote by $X_i$ the point symmetric to the point X with respect to the line $\ell_i, i = 1,2,3$. a) Prove that for an arbitrary point $M$ the straight lines connecting the midpoints of the segments $O_1O_2$ and $M_1M_2, O_2O_3$ and $M_2M_3, O_3O_1$ and $M_3M_1$ intersect at one point, b) where can this intersection point lie?

Bob has invented the Very Normal Coin (VNC). When the VNC is flipped, it shows heads $\textstyle\frac{1}{2}$ of the time and tails $\textstyle\frac{1}{2}$ of the time - unless it has yielded the same result five times in a row, in which case it is guaranteed to yield the opposite result. For example, if Bob flips five heads in a row, then the next flip is guaranteed to be tails. Bob flips the VNC an infinite number of times. On the $n$th flip, Bob bets $2^{-n}$ dollars that the VNC will show heads (so if the second flip shows heads, Bob wins $\$0.25$, and if the third flip shows tails, Bob loses $\$0.125$). Assume that dollars are infinitely divisible. Given that the first flip is heads, the expected number of dollars Bob is expected to win can be expressed as $\frac{a}{b}$ for relatively prime positive integers $a, b$. Compute $100a + b$. [i]Proposed by Lewis Chen[/i]

The expression $\sin2^\circ\sin4^\circ\sin6^\circ\cdots\sin90^\circ$ is equal to $p\sqrt{5}/2^{50}$, where $p$ is an integer. Find $p$.

A tripod has three legs each of length 5 feet. When the tripod is set up, the angle between any pair of legs is equal to the angle between any other pair, and the top of the tripod is 4 feet from the ground. In setting up the tripod, the lower 1 foot of one leg breaks off. Let $h$ be the height in feet of the top of the tripod from the ground when the broken tripod is set up. Then $h$ can be written in the form $\frac m{\sqrt{n}},$ where $m$ and $n$ are positive integers and $n$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $\lfloor m+\sqrt{n}\rfloor.$ (The notation $\lfloor x\rfloor$ denotes the greatest integer that is less than or equal to $x$.)

A dessert chef prepares the dessert for every day of a week starting with Sunday. The dessert each day is either cake, pie, ice cream, or pudding. The same dessert may not be served two days in a row. There must be cake on Friday because of a birthday. How many different dessert menus for the week are possible? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 729\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 972\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 1024\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 2187\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 2304 $

A circle centered at a point $F$ and a parabola with focus $F$ have two common points. Prove that there exist four points $A, B, C, D$ on the circle such that the lines $AB, BC, CD$ and $DA$ touch the parabola.

Let $ a,b,c$ be three pairwise distinct real numbers such that $ a\plus{}b\plus{}c\equal{}6\equal{}ab\plus{}bc\plus{}ca\minus{}3$. Prove that $ 0<abc<4$.

For each positive integer $n$, let $f_n$ be a real-valued symmetric function of $n$ real variables. Suppose that for all $n$ and all real numbers $x_1,\ldots,x_n, x_{n+1},y$ it is true that $\;(1)\; f_{n}(x_1 +y ,\ldots, x_n +y) = f_{n}(x_1 ,\ldots, x_n) +y,$ $\;(2)\;f_{n}(-x_1 ,\ldots, -x_n) =-f_{n}(x_1 ,\ldots, x_n),$ $\;(3)\; f_{n+1}(f_{n}(x_1,\ldots, x_n),\ldots, f_{n}(x_1,\ldots, x_n), x_{n+1}) =f_{n+1}(x_1 ,\ldots, x_{n}).$ Prove that $f_{n}(x_{1},\ldots, x_n) =\frac{x_{1}+\cdots +x_{n}}{n}.$

Let $ABC$ be a triangle, and let $D$ be a point on side $AB$. Circle $\omega_1$ passes through $A$ and $D$ and is tangent to line $AC$ at $A$. Circle $\omega_2$ passes through $B$ and $D$ and is tangent to line $BC$ at $B$. Circles $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ meet at $D$ and $E$. Point $F$ is the reflection of $C$ across the perpendicular bisector of $AB$. Prove that points $D$, $E$, and $F$ are collinear.

Square $ EFGH$ is inside the square $ ABCD$ so that each side of $ EFGH$ can be extended to pass through a vertex of $ ABCD$. Square $ ABCD$ has side length $ \sqrt {50}$ and $ BE \equal{} 1$. What is the area of the inner square $ EFGH$? [asy]unitsize(4cm); defaultpen(linewidth(.8pt)+fontsize(10pt)); pair D=(0,0), C=(1,0), B=(1,1), A=(0,1); pair F=intersectionpoints(Circle(D,2/sqrt(5)),Circle(A,1))[0]; pair G=foot(A,D,F), H=foot(B,A,G), E=foot(C,B,H); draw(A--B--C--D--cycle); draw(D--F); draw(C--E); draw(B--H); draw(A--G); label("$A$",A,NW); label("$B$",B,NE); label("$C$",C,SE); label("$D$",D,SW); label("$E$",E,NNW); label("$F$",F,ENE); label("$G$",G,SSE); label("$H$",H,WSW);[/asy]$ \textbf{(A)}\ 25\qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 32\qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 36\qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 40\qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 42$

Prove that every triangle can be cut into three pieces so that every piece has axis of symmetry. Show how to cut it (a) using three line segments, (b) using two line segments.

The circle $\omega_1$ with diameter $[AB]$ and the circle $\omega_2$ with center $A$ intersects at points $C$ and $D$. Let $E$ be a point on the circle $\omega_2$, which is outside $\omega_1$ and at the same side as $C$ with respect to the line $AB$. Let the second point of intersection of the line $BE$ with $\omega_2$ be $F$. For a point $K$ on the circle $\omega_1$ which is on the same side as $A$ with respect to the diameter of $\omega_1$ passing through $C$ we have $2\cdot CK \cdot AC = CE \cdot AB$. Let the second point of intersection of the line $KF$ with $\omega_1$ be $L$. Show that the symmetric of the point $D$ with respect to the line $BE$ is on the circumcircle of the triangle $LFC$.

A square pyramid with base $ABCD$ and vertex $E$ has eight edges of length 4. A plane passes through the midpoints of $\overline{AE}$, $\overline{BC}$, and $\overline{CD}$. The plane's intersection with the pyramid has an area that can be expressed as $\sqrt{p}$. Find $p$.

let $ V$ be a finitive set and $ g$ and $ f$ be two injective surjective functions from $ V$to$ V$.let $ T$ and $ S$ be two sets such that they are defined as following" $ S \equal{} \{w \in V: f(f(w)) \equal{} g(g(w))\}$ $ T \equal{} \{w \in V: f(g(w)) \equal{} g(f(w))\}$ we know that $ S \cup T \equal{} V$, prove: for each $ w \in V : f(w) \in S$ if and only if $ g(w) \in S$

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB=AC$, and let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$. Let $P$ be a point such that $PB<PC$ and $PA$ is parallel to $BC$. Let $X$ and $Y$ be points on the lines $PB$ and $PC$, respectively, so that $B$ lies on the segment $PX$, $C$ lies on the segment $PY$, and $\angle PXM=\angle PYM$. Prove that the quadrilateral $APXY$ is cyclic.

Let $D$ be a point inside $\triangle ABC$ such that $m(\widehat{BAD})=20^{\circ}$, $m(\widehat{DAC})=80^{\circ}$, $m(\widehat{ACD})=20^{\circ}$, and $m(\widehat{DCB})=20^{\circ}$. $m(\widehat{ABD})= ?$ $ \textbf{(A)}\ 5^{\circ} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 10^{\circ} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 15^{\circ} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 20^{\circ} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 25^{\circ}$

Let $ABC$ be a triangle in which $AB=AC$ and let $I$ be its incenter. It is known that $BC=AB+AI$. Let $D$ be a point on line $BA$ extended beyond $A$ such that $AD=AI$. Prove that $DAIC$ is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Let $f: \mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ be a differentiable function with continuous derivative, that satisfies $f\big(x+f'(x)\big)=f(x)$. Let's call this property $(P)$. a) Show that if $f$ is a function with property $(P)$, then there exists a real $x$ such that $f'(x)=0$. b) Give an example of a non-constant function $f$ with property $(P)$. c) Show that if $f$ has property $(P)$ and the equation $f'(x)=0$ has at least two solutions, then $f$ is a constant function.

Let $ F$ be a surface of nonzero curvature that can be represented around one of its points $ P$ by a power series and is symmetric around the normal planes parallel to the principal directions at $ P$. Show that the derivative with respect to the arc length of the curvature of an arbitrary normal section at $ P$ vanishes at $ P$. Is it possible to replace the above symmetry condition by a weaker one? [i]A. Moor[/i]

Let $P$ and $Q$ be points on a circle $k$. A chord $AC$ of $k$ passes through the midpoint $M$ of $PQ$. Consider a trapezoid $ABCD$ inscribed in $k$ with $AB \parallel PQ \parallel CD$. Prove that the intersection point $X$ of $AD$ and $BC$ depends only on $k$ and $P,Q.$