Solve the equation $y^3 = x^3 + 8x^2 - 6x +8$, for positive integers $x$ and $y$.

The region consisting of all points in three-dimensional space within $3$ units of line segment $\overline{AB}$ has volume $216\pi$. What is the length $AB$? $\textbf{(A)}\ 6\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 12\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 18\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 20\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 24$

Compute the number of positive integers $n$ less than $100$ for which $1+2+\dots+n$ is not divisible by $n.$

Let $A$ be a fixed point in the interior of a circle $\omega$ with center $O$ and radius $r$, where $0<OA<r$. Draw two perpendicular chords $BC,DE$ such that they pass through $A$. For which position of these cords does $BC+DE$ maximize?

Three legendary knights are fighting against a multiheaded dragon. Whenever the first knight attacks, he cuts off half of the current number of heads plus one more. Whenever the second knight attacks, he cuts off one third of the current number of heads plus two more. Whenever the third knight attacks, he cuts off one fourth of the current number of heads plus three more. They repeatedly attack in an arbitrary order so that at each step an integer number of heads is being cut off. If all the knights cannot attack as the number of heads would become non-integer, the dragon eats them. Will the knights be able to cut off all the dragon’s heads if it has $41!$ heads? Alexey Zaslavsky

Is it possible to paint the cells of a $5\times 5$ board in $4$ colors so that the cells standing at the intersection of any two rows and any two columns were painted in at least $ 3$ colors?

Let $m$ and $n$ be odd positive integers. Each square of an $m$ by $n$ board is coloured red or blue. A row is said to be red-dominated if there are more red squares than blue squares in the row. A column is said to be blue-dominated if there are more blue squares than red squares in the column. Determine the maximum possible value of the number of red-dominated rows plus the number of blue-dominated columns. Express your answer in terms of $m$ and $n$.

A triangle $ABC$ is given. The point $K$ is the base of the external bisector of angle $A$. The point $M$ is the midpoint of the arc $AC$ of the circumcircle. The point $N$ on the bisector of angle $C$ is such that $AN \parallel BM$. Prove that the points $M,N,K$ are collinear. [i](Proposed by Ilya Bogdanov)[/i]

Let $f(x)$ be a polynomial, such that $f(x)=x^{2015}+a_1 x^{2014}+...+a_{2014} x+a_{2015}$. Velly and Polly are taking turns, starting from Velly changing the coefficients $a_i$ with real numbers , where each coefficient is changed exactly once. After 2015 turns they calculate the number of real roots of the created polynomial and if the root is only one, then Velly wins, and if it’s not – Polly wins. Which one has a winning strategy?

Let $\omega$ be a $n$ -th primitive root of unity. Given complex numbers $a_1,a_2,\cdots,a_n$, and $p$ of them are non-zero. Let $$b_k=\sum_{i=1}^n a_i \omega^{ki}$$ for $k=1,2,\cdots, n$. Prove that if $p>0$, then at least $\tfrac{n}{p}$ numbers in $b_1,b_2,\cdots,b_n$ are non-zero.

Sa se determine functia $f: [0,\infty)\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$, astfel incat \[f(x)+\sqrt{f^{2}([x])+f^{2}(\{x\})}=x,\] oricare ar fi $x\in [0,\infty).$

Let $a, b, c$ be positive real numbers with $ab + bc + ac = abc$. Prove that $$\frac{bc}{a^{a+1}} +\frac{ac}{b^{b+1 }}+\frac{ab}{c^{c+1}} \ge \frac13$$

Triangle $\triangle PQR$, with $PQ=PR=5$ and $QR=6$, is inscribed in circle $\omega$. Compute the radius of the circle with center on $\overline{QR}$ which is tangent to both $\omega$ and $\overline{PQ}$.

At the start of the day, the four numbers $(a_0,b_0,c_0,d_0)$ were written on the board. Every minute, Danny replaces the four numbers written on the board with new ones according to the following rule: if the numbers written on the board are $(a,b,c,d)$, then Danny first calculates the numbers \begin{align*} a'&=a+4b+16c+64d\\ b'&=b+4c+16d+64a\\ c'&=c+4d+16a+64b\\ d'&=d+4a+16b+64c \end{align*} and replaces the numbers $(a,b,c,d)$ with the numbers $(a'd',c'd',c'b',b'a')$. For which initial quadruples $(a_0,b_0,c_0,d_0)$, will Danny write at some point a quadruple of numbers all of which are divisible by $5780^{5780}$?

Find all polynomials $p$ with real coefficients that if for a real $a$,$p(a)$ is integer then $a$ is integer.

The vertex $ A$ of the acute triangle $ ABC$ is equidistant from the circumcenter $ O$ and the orthocenter $ H.$ Determine all possible values for the measure of angle $ A.$

On an infinite “squared” sheet six squares are shaded as in the diagram. On some squares there are pieces. It is possible to transform the positions of the pieces according to the following rule: if the neighbour squares to the right and above a given piece are free, it is possible to remove this piece and put pieces on these free squares. The goal is to have all the shaded squares free of pieces. Is it possible to reach this goal if (a) In the initial position there are $6$ pieces and they are placed on the $6$ shaded squares? (b) In the initial position there is only one piece, located in the bottom left shaded square? [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/2/d/0d5cbc159125e2a84edd6ac6aca5206bf8d83b.png[/img] (M Kontsevich, Moscow)

A penny is placed in the coordinate plane $\left(0,0\right)$. The penny can be moved $1$ unit to the right, $1$ unit up, or diagonally $1$ unit to the right and $1$ unit up. How many different ways are there for the penny to get to the point $\left(5,5\right)$? $\text{(A) }8\qquad\text{(B) }25\qquad\text{(C) }99\qquad\text{(D) }260\qquad\text{(E) }351$

Define a "hook" to be a figure made up of six unit squares as shown below in the picture, or any of the figures obtained by applying rotations and reflections to this figure. [asy] unitsize(0.5 cm); draw((0,0)--(1,0)); draw((0,1)--(1,1)); draw((2,1)--(3,1)); draw((0,2)--(3,2)); draw((0,3)--(3,3)); draw((0,0)--(0,3)); draw((1,0)--(1,3)); draw((2,1)--(2,3)); draw((3,1)--(3,3)); [/asy] Determine all $ m\times n$ rectangles that can be covered without gaps and without overlaps with hooks such that - the rectangle is covered without gaps and without overlaps - no part of a hook covers area outside the rectangle.

Let $P$ on $AB$, $Q$ on $BC$, $R$ on $CD$ and $S$ on $AD$ be points on the sides of a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$. Show that the following are equivalent: (1) There is a choice of $P,Q,R,S$, for which all of them are interior points of their side, such that $PQRS$ has minimal perimeter. (2) $ABCD$ is a cyclic quadrilateral with circumcenter in its interior.

Consider the sequence of six real numbers 60, 10, 100, 150, 30, and $x$. The average (arithmetic mean) of this sequence is equal to the median of the sequence. What is the sum of all the possible values of $x$? (The median of a sequence of six real numbers is the average of the two middle numbers after all the numbers have been arranged in increasing order.)

Nonnegative real numbers $p_{1},\ldots,p_{n}$ and $q_{1},\ldots,q_{n}$ are such that $p_{1}+\cdots+p_{n}=q_{1}+\cdots+q_{n}$ Among all the matrices with nonnegative entries having $p_i$ as sum of the $i$-th row's entries and $q_j$ as sum of the $j$-th column's entries, find the maximum sum of the entries on the main diagonal.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with circumcenter $O$ and $\angle BAC = 60^{\circ}$. The internal angle bisector of $\angle BAC$ meets line $BC$ and the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ in points $M,L$ respectively. Let $K$ denote the reflection of $BL\cap AC$ over the line $BC$. Let $D$ be on the line $CO$ with $DM$ perpendicular to $KL$. Prove that points $K,A,D$ are collinear. [i]Proposed by Sanjana Philo Chacko[/i]

Let $P(x)$ a grade 3 polynomial such that: $$P(1)=1, P(2)=4, P(3)=9$$ Find the value of $P(10)+P(-6)$

Let $n > 1$ be a given integer. An $n \times n \times n$ cube is composed of $n^3$ unit cubes. Each unit cube is painted with one colour. For each $n \times n \times 1$ box consisting of $n^2$ unit cubes (in any of the three possible orientations), we consider the set of colours present in that box (each colour is listed only once). This way, we get $3n$ sets of colours, split into three groups according to the orientation. It happens that for every set in any group, the same set appears in both of the other groups. Determine, in terms of $n$, the maximal possible number of colours that are present.