For $a,b,c$ be real numbers greater than $1$, prove that \[\frac{a+b+c}{4} \geq \frac{\sqrt{ab-1}}{b+c}+\frac{\sqrt{bc-1}}{c+a}+\frac{\sqrt{ca-1}}{a+b}.\]

The sequence $(x_n)_{n\geqslant 0}$ is defined as such: $x_0=1, x_1=2$ and $x_{n+1}=4x_n-x_{n-1}$, for all $n\geqslant 1$. Determine all the terms of the sequence which are perfect squares. [i]George Stoica, Canada[/i]

Alice and Bob are running around a rectangular building measuring 100 by 200 meters. They start at the middle of a 200 meter side and run in the same direction, Alice running twice as fast as Bob. After Bob runs one lap around the building, what fraction of the time were Alice and Bob on the same side of the building?

Suppose that $a$ is real number. Sequence $a_1,a_2,a_3,....$ satisfies $$a_1=a, a_{n+1} = \begin{cases} a_n - \frac{1}{a_n}, & a_n\ne 0 \\ 0, & a_n=0 \end{cases} (n=1,2,3,..)$$ Find all possible values of $a$ such that $|a_n|<1$ for all positive integer $n$.

Let $n>1$ be an integer. Prove that there exist $m>n^n $ such that $\frac {n^m-m^n}{m+n} $ is a positive integer.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB=AC$, and let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$. Let $P$ be a point such that $PB<PC$ and $PA$ is parallel to $BC$. Let $X$ and $Y$ be points on the lines $PB$ and $PC$, respectively, so that $B$ lies on the segment $PX$, $C$ lies on the segment $PY$, and $\angle PXM=\angle PYM$. Prove that the quadrilateral $APXY$ is cyclic.

Let $P,Q\in\mathbb{R}[x]$, such that $Q$ is a $2021$-degree polynomial and let $a_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots , a_{2022}, b_{1}, b_{2}, \ldots , b_{2022}$ be real numbers such that $a_{1}a_{2}\ldots a_{2022}\neq 0$. If for all real $x$ \[P(a_{1}Q(x) + b_{1}) + \ldots + P(a_{2021}Q(x) + b_{2021}) = P(a_{2022}Q(x) + b_{2022})\] prove that $P(x)$ has a real root.

Chris and Michael play a game on a board which is a rhombus of side length $n$ (a positive integer) consisting of two equilateral triangles, each of which has been divided into equilateral triangles of side length $ 1$. Each has a single token, initially on the leftmost and rightmost squares of the board, called the “home” squares (the illustration shows the case $n = 4$). [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/e/b/8135203c22ce77c03c144850099ad1c575edb8.png[/img] A move consists of moving your token to an adjacent triangle (two triangles are adjacent only if they share a side). To win the game, you must either capture your opponent’s token (by moving to the triangle it occupies), or move on to your opponent’s home square. Supposing that Chris moves first, which, if any, player has a winning strategy?

Evaluate $\int_0^{2\pi} |x^2-\pi ^ 2 -\sin ^ 2 x|\ dx$.

It takes Mary $ 30$ minutes to walk uphill $ 1$ km from her home to school, but it takes her only $ 10$ minutes to walk from school to home along the same route. What is her average speed, in km/hr, for the round trip? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 3 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 3.125 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 3.5 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 4 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 4.5$

For which numbers $x$of the interval $0 < x <\pi$ holds: $$\frac{\tan 2x}{\tan x} -\frac{2 \cot 2x}{\cot x}=1$$

Present a family of subsets of the plane such that each one of its members is Lebesgue measurable, each one of its members intersects any circle, and the set of Lebesgue measures of all its members is the set of nonnegative real numbers.

Justin the robot is on a mission to rescue abandoned treasure from a minefield. To do this, he must travel from the point $(0, 0, 0)$ to $(4, 4, 4)$ in three-dimensional space, only taking one-unit steps in the positive $x, y,$ or $z$-directions. However, the evil David anticipated Justin's arrival, and so he has surreptitiously placed a mine at the point $(2,2,2)$. If at any point Justin is at most one unit away from this mine (in any direction), the mine detects his presence and explodes, thwarting Justin. How many paths can Justin take to reach his destination safely? [i]Proposed by Justin Stevens[/i]

In a non-isosceles triangle $ABC$ the centre of the incircle is denoted by $I$. The other intersection point of the angle bisector of $\angle BAC$ and the circumcircle of $\vartriangle ABC$ is $D$. The line through $I$ perpendicular to $AD$ intersects $BC$ in $F$. The midpoint of the circle arc $BC$ on which $A$ lies, is denoted by $M$. The other intersection point of the line $MI$ and the circle through $B, I$ and $C$, is denoted by $N$. Prove that $FN$ is tangent to the circle through $B, I$ and $C$.

Let $ P$, $ Q$, and $ R$ be the points on sides $ BC$, $ CA$, and $ AB$ of an acute triangle $ ABC$ such that triangle $ PQR$ is equilateral and has minimal area among all such equilateral triangles. Prove that the perpendiculars from $ A$ to line $ QR$, from $ B$ to line $ RP$, and from $ C$ to line $ PQ$ are concurrent.

An acute triangle $ABC$ has circumradius $R$, inradius $r$. $A$ is the biggest angle among $A,B,C$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$, and $X$ be the intersection of two lines that touches circumcircle of $ABC$ and goes through $B,C$ respectively. Prove the following inequality : $ \frac{r}{R} \geq \frac{AM}{AX}$.

$n > 10$ teams take part in a football tournament. Every team plays exactly once against each other. A win gives two points, a draw a point, and a defeat no point. After the tournament it turns out that each team gets exactly half their points in the games against the bottom $10$ teams has won (in particular, each of these $10$ teams has won the made half their points against the $9$ remaining). Determine all possible values ​​of $n$, and give an example of such a tournament for these values.

Let $f(x)=x^2+18$ have roots $r_1$ and $r_2$, and let $g(x)=x^2-8x+17$ have roots $r_3$ and $r_4$. If $h(x)=x^4+ax^3+bx^2+cx+d$ has roots $r_1+r_3$, $r_1+r_4$, $r_2+r_3$, and $r_2+r_4$, then find $h(4)$.

Two circles $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ meet at $A$ and $B$. A line through $B$ meets $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ again at $C$ and $D$ repsectively. Another line through $B$ meets $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ again at $E$ and $F$ repsectively. Line $CF$ meets $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ again at $P$ and $Q$ respectively. $M$ and $N$ are midpoints of arc $PB$ and arc $QB$ repsectively. Show that if $CD = EF$, then $C,F,M,N$ are concyclic.

Triangle $\triangle ABC$ has $\angle{A}=90^\circ$ with $BC=12$. Square $BCDE$ is drawn such that $A$ is in its interior. The line through $A$ tangent to the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ intersects $CD$ and $BE$ at $P$ and $Q$, respectively. If $PA=4\cdot QA$, and the area of $\triangle ABC$ can be expressed as $\frac{m}{n}$ for relatively prime positive integers $m$ and $n$, then compute $m+n$. [i]Proposed by Andy Xu[/i]

The precent ages in years of two brothers $A$ and $B$,and their father $C$ are three distinct positive integers $a ,b$ and $c$ respectively .Suppose $\frac{b-1}{a-1}$ and $\frac{b+1}{a+1}$ are two consecutive integers , and $\frac{c-1}{b-1}$ and $\frac{c+1}{b+1}$ are two consecutive integers . If $a+b+c\le 150$ , determine $a,b$ and $c$.

Let $N$ be the number of consecutive 0's at the right end of the decimal representation of the product $1!\times2!\times3!\times4!\cdots99!\times100!.$ Find the remainder when $N$ is divided by 1000.

Xavier takes a permutation of the numbers $1$ through $2011$ at random, where each permutation has an equal probability of being selected. He then cuts the permutation into increasing contiguous subsequences, such that each subsequence is as long as possible. Compute the expected number of such subsequences. [i]Author: Alex Zhu[/i] [hide="Clarification"]An increasing contiguous subsequence is an increasing subsequence all of whose terms are adjacent in the original sequence. For example, 1,3,4,5,2 has two maximal increasing contiguous subsequences: (1,3,4,5) and (2). [/hide]

Find all positive integers n such that $ (n ^{ 2} + 11n - 4) n! + 33.13 ^ n + 4 $ is the perfect square

Let $ABC$ be a triangle, and $M_a, M_b, M_c$ be the midpoints of $BC, CA, AB$, respectively. Extend $M_bM_c$ so that it intersects $\odot (ABC)$ at $P$. Let $AP$ and $BC$ intersect at $Q$. Prove that the tangent at $A$ to $\odot(ABC)$ and the tangent at $P$ to $\odot (P QM_a)$ intersect on line $BC$. (Li4)