Found problems: 85335
1999 IMO Shortlist, 2
Prove that every positive rational number can be represented in the form $\dfrac{a^{3}+b^{3}}{c^{3}+d^{3}}$ where a,b,c,d are positive integers.
2024/2025 TOURNAMENT OF TOWNS, P4
Does there exist an infinite sequence of real numbers ${a}_{1},{a}_{2},{a}_{3},\ldots$ such that ${a}_{1} = 1$ and for all positive integers $k$ we have the equality
$$
{a}_{k} = {a}_{2k} + {a}_{3k} + {a}_{4k} + \ldots ?
$$
Ilya Lobatsky
2010 CHMMC Winter, 3
Compute the number of ways of tiling the $2\times 10$ grid below with the three tiles shown. There is an in finite supply of each tile, and rotating or reflecting the tiles is not allowed.
[img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/5/a/bb279c486fc85509aa1bcabcda66a8ea3faff8.png[/img]
2013 National Chemistry Olympiad, 6
What mass of $\ce{NaHCO3}$ $(\text{M=84})$ is required to completely neutralize $25.0$ mL of $0.125$ M $\ce{H2SO4}$?
$ \textbf{(A) }\text{0.131 g}\qquad\textbf{(B) }\text{0.262 g}\qquad\textbf{(C) }\text{0.525 g}\qquad\textbf{(D) }\text{1.05 g}\qquad$
2022 Iran Team Selection Test, 7
Suppose that $n$ is a positive integer number. Consider a regular polygon with $2n$ sides such that one of its largest diagonals is parallel to the $x$-axis. Find the smallest integer $d$ such that there is a polynomial $P$ of degree $d$ whose graph intersects all sides of the polygon on points other than vertices.
Proposed by Mohammad Ahmadi
2019 AMC 8, 21
What is the area of the triangle formed by the lines $y=5$, $y=1+x$, and $y=1-x$?
$\textbf{(A) }4\qquad\textbf{(B) }8\qquad\textbf{(C) }10\qquad\textbf{(D) }12\qquad\textbf{(E) }16$
MOAA Individual Speed General Rounds, 2021.10
Let $ABCD$ be a unit square in the plane. Points $X$ and $Y$ are chosen independently and uniformly at random on the perimeter of $ABCD$. If the expected value of the area of triangle $\triangle AXY$ can be expressed as $\frac{m}{n}$ for relatively prime positive integers $m$ and $n$, compute $m+n$.
[i]Proposed by Nathan Xiong[/i]
2001 Hungary-Israel Binational, 4
Here $G_{n}$ denotes a simple undirected graph with $n$ vertices, $K_{n}$ denotes the complete graph with $n$ vertices, $K_{n,m}$ the complete bipartite graph whose components have $m$ and $n$ vertices, and $C_{n}$ a circuit with $n$ vertices. The number of edges in the graph $G_{n}$ is denoted $e(G_{n})$.
(a) If $G_{n}$ does not contain $K_{2,3}$ , prove that $e(G_{n}) \leq\frac{n\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{2}}+n$.
(b) Given $n \geq 16$ distinct points $P_{1}, . . . , P_{n}$ in the plane, prove that at most $n\sqrt{n}$ of the segments $P_{i}P_{j}$ have unit length.
2015 Iran Team Selection Test, 4
Ali puts $5$ points on the plane such that no three of them are collinear. Ramtin adds a sixth point that is not collinear with any two of the former points.Ali wants to eventually construct two triangles from the six points such that one can be placed inside another. Can Ali put the 5 points in such a manner so that he would
always be able to construct the desired triangles? (We say that triangle $T_1$ can be
placed inside triangle $T_2$ if $T_1$ is congruent to a triangle that is located completely
inside $T_2$.)
1978 All Soviet Union Mathematical Olympiad, 261
Given a circle with radius $R$ and inscribed $n$-gon with area $S$. We mark one point on every side of the given polygon. Prove that the perimeter of the polygon with the vertices in the marked points is not less than $2S/R$.
2010 District Olympiad, 4
Let $ f: [0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ a derivable function such that $ f(0)\equal{}f(1)$, $ \int_0^1f(x)dx\equal{}0$ and $ f^{\prime}(x) \neq 1\ ,\ (\forall)x\in [0,1]$.
i)Prove that the function $ g: [0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\ ,\ g(x)\equal{}f(x)\minus{}x$ is strictly decreasing.
ii)Prove that for each integer number $ n\ge 1$, we have:
$ \left|\sum_{k\equal{}0}^{n\minus{}1}f\left(\frac{k}{n}\right)\right|<\frac{1}{2}$
2023 AMC 12/AHSME, 25
A regular pentagon with area $\sqrt{5}+1$ is printed on paper and cut out. The five vertices of the pentagon are folded into the center of the pentagon, creating a smaller pentagon. What is the area of the new pentagon?
$\textbf{(A)}~4-\sqrt{5}\qquad\textbf{(B)}~\sqrt{5}-1\qquad\textbf{(C)}~8-3\sqrt{5}\qquad\textbf{(D)}~\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\qquad\textbf{(E)}~\frac{2+\sqrt{5}}{3}$
2010 N.N. Mihăileanu Individual, 3
Let $ Q $ be a point, $ H,O $ be the orthocenter and circumcenter, respectively, of a triangle $ ABC, $ and $ D,E,F, $ be the symmetric points of $ Q $ with respect to $ A,B,C, $ respectively. Also, $ M,N,P $ are the middle of the segments $ AE,BF,CD, $ and $ G,G',G'' $ are the centroids of $ ABC,MNP,DEF, $ respectively. Prove the following propositions:
[b]a)[/b] $ \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{OG} =\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{OG'}=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{OG''} $
[b]b)[/b] $ Q=O\implies \overrightarrow{OG'} =\overrightarrow{G'H} $
[b]c)[/b] $ Q=H\implies G'=O $
[i]Cătălin Zîrnă[/i]
2013 Singapore MO Open, 5
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with integral side lengths such that $\angle A=3\angle B$. Find the minimum value of its perimeter.
2006 Bulgaria Team Selection Test, 1
[b]Problem 1. [/b]In the cells of square table are written the numbers $1$, $0$ or $-1$ so that in every line there is exactly one $1$, amd exactly one $-1$. Each turn we change the places of two columns or two rows. Is it possible, from any such table, after finite number of turns to obtain its opposite table (two tables are opposite if the sum of the numbers written in any two corresponding squares is zero)?
[i] Emil Kolev[/i]
2023 Estonia Team Selection Test, 6
Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle with $AC > AB$, let $O$ be its circumcentre, and let $D$ be a point on the segment $BC$. The line through $D$ perpendicular to $BC$ intersects the lines $AO, AC,$ and $AB$ at $W, X,$ and $Y,$ respectively. The circumcircles of triangles $AXY$ and $ABC$ intersect again at $Z \ne A$.
Prove that if $W \ne D$ and $OW = OD,$ then $DZ$ is tangent to the circle $AXY.$
2009 Greece JBMO TST, 2
Given convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ inscribed in circle $(O,R)$ (with center $O$ and radius $R$). With centers the vertices of the quadrilateral and radii $R$, we consider the circles $C_A(A,R), C_B(B,R), C_C(C,R), C_D(D,R)$. Circles $C_A$ and $C_B$ intersect at point $K$, circles $C_B$ and $C_C$ intersect at point $L$, circles $C_C$ and $C_D$ intersect at point $M$ and circles $C_D$ and $C_A$ intersect at point $N$ (points $K,L,M,N$ are the second common points of the circles given they all pass through point $O$). Prove that quadrilateral $KLMN$ is a parallelogram.
2014 APMO, 5
Circles $\omega$ and $\Omega$ meet at points $A$ and $B$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of the arc $AB$ of circle $\omega$ ($M$ lies inside $\Omega$). A chord $MP$ of circle $\omega$ intersects $\Omega$ at $Q$ ($Q$ lies inside $\omega$). Let $\ell_P$ be the tangent line to $\omega$ at $P$, and let $\ell_Q$ be the tangent line to $\Omega$ at $Q$. Prove that the circumcircle of the triangle formed by the lines $\ell_P$, $\ell_Q$ and $AB$ is tangent to $\Omega$.
[i]Ilya Bogdanov, Russia and Medeubek Kungozhin, Kazakhstan[/i]
2020 IOM, 5
There is an empty table with $2^{100}$ rows and $100$ columns. Alice and Eva take turns filling the empty cells of the first row of the table, Alice plays first. In each move, Alice chooses an empty cell and puts a cross in it; Eva in each move chooses an empty cell and puts a zero. When no empty cells remain in the first row, the players move on to the second row, and so on (in each new row Alice plays first).
The game ends when all the rows are filled. Alice wants to make as many different rows in the table as possible, while Eva wants to make as few as possible. How many different rows will be there in the table if both follow their best strategies?
Proposed by Denis Afrizonov
2013 May Olympiad, 1
Sofia summed all the page numbers from a book starting at $1$ and getting $2013$. Pablo saw how she did this and realized Sofia skipped a page. How many pages does the book have, and what page did Sofia skip?
2014 District Olympiad, 3
Let $A=\{1,3,3^2,\ldots, 3^{2014}\}$. We obtain a partition of $A$ if $A$ is written as a disjoint union of nonempty subsets.
[list=a]
[*]Prove that there is no partition of $A$ such that the product of elements in each subset is a square.
[*]Prove that there exists a partition of $A$ such that the sum of elements in each subset is a square.[/list]
III Soros Olympiad 1996 - 97 (Russia), 10.3
An infinite sequence of numbers $a, b, c, d,...$ is obtained by term-by-term addition of two geometric progressions. Can this sequence begin with the following numbers:.
a) $1,1,3,5$ ?
b) $1,2,3,5$ ?
c) $1,2,3, 4$ ?
1985 Traian Lălescu, 1.4
Let $ A $ be a ring in which $ 1\neq 0. $ If $ a,b\in A, $ then the following affirmations are equivalent:
$ \text{(i)}\quad aba=a\wedge ba^2b=1 $
$ \text{(ii)}\quad ab=ba=1 $
$ \text{(iii)}\quad \exists !b\in A\quad aba=a $
LMT Speed Rounds, 5
Let $a$ and $b$ be two-digit positive integers. Find the greatest possible value of $a+b$, given that the greatest common factor of $a$ and $b$ is $6$.
[i]Proposed by Jacob Xu[/i]
[hide=Solution][i]Solution[/i]. $\boxed{186}$
We can write our two numbers as $6x$ and $6y$. Notice that $x$ and $y$ must be relatively prime. Since $6x$ and $6y$ are two digit numbers, we just need to check values of $x$ and $y$ from $2$ through $16$ such that $x$ and $y$ are relatively prime. We maximize the sum when $x = 15$ and $y = 16$, since consecutive numbers are always relatively prime. So the sum is $6 \cdot (15+16) = \boxed{186}$.[/hide]
2013 Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament, 6
Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral such that $\angle ABC = \angle CDA = 90^o$, and $BC = 7$. Let $E$ and $F$ be on $BD$ such that $AE$ and $CF$ are perpendicular to BD. Suppose that $BE = 3$. Determine the product of the smallest and largest possible lengths of $DF$.