Each piece of candy in a store costs a whole number of cents. Casper has exactly enough money to buy either 12 pieces of red candy, 14 pieces of green candy, 15 pieces of blue candy, or $n$ pieces of purple candy. A piece of purple candy costs 20 cents. What is the smallest possible value of $n$? $\textbf{(A) } 18 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 21 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 24\qquad \textbf{(D) } 25 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 28$

A trapezoid $ABCD$ lies on the $xy$-plane. The slopes of lines $BC$ and $AD$ are both $\frac 13$, and the slope of line $AB$ is $-\frac 23$. Given that $AB=CD$ and $BC< AD$, the absolute value of the slope of line $CD$ can be expressed as $\frac mn$, where $m,n$ are two relatively prime positive integers. Find $100m+n$. [i] Proposed by Yannick Yao [/i]

Let $a_n$ be the number of n-digit integers formed by $1, 2$ and $3$ which do not contain any consecutive $1$’s. Prove that $a_n$ is equal to $$\left( \frac12 + \frac{1}{\sqrt3}\right)(\sqrt{3} + 1)^n$$ rounded off to the nearest integer.

Let $x_1,x_2,...,x_n$ be real numbers with $1 \ge x_1 \ge x_2\ge ... \ge x_n \ge 0$ and $x_1^2 +x_2^2+...+x_n^2= 1$. If $[x_1 +x_2 +...+x_n] = m$, prove that $x_1 +x_2 +...+x_m \ge 1$.

In a circle of diameter $ 1$, some chords are drawn. The sum of their lengths is greater than $ 19$. Prove that there is a diameter intersecting at least $ 7$ chords.

Prove that there is no polynomial $P(x)$ with real coefficients that satisfies $$P'(x)P''(x)>P(x)P'''(x)\qquad\text{for all }x\in\mathbb R.$$Is this statement true for all of the thrice differentiable real functions?

Prove that for two non-zero polynomials $ f(x,y),g(x,y)$ with real coefficients the system: \[ \left\{\begin{array}{c}f(x,y)\equal{}0\\ g(x,y)\equal{}0\end{array}\right.\] has finitely many solutions in $ \mathbb C^{2}$ if and only if $ f(x,y)$ and $ g(x,y)$ are coprime.

Consider a function $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that: 1. $f$ has one-side limits in any $a\in \mathbb{R}$ and $f(a-0)\le f(a)\le f(a+0)$. 2. for any $a,b\in \mathbb{R},\ a<b$, we have $f(a-0)<f(b-0)$. Prove that $f$ is strictly increasing. [i]Mihai Piticari & Sorin Radulescu[/i]

Each of the sides $ BC, CA, AB $ of the triangle $ ABC $ was divided into three equal parts and on the middle sections of these sides as bases, equilateral triangles were built outside the triangle $ ABC $, the third vertices of which were marked with the letters $ A', B' , C' $ respectively. In addition, points $ A'', B'', C'' $ were determined, symmetrical to $ A', B', C' $ respectively with respect to the lines $ BC, CA, AB $. Prove that the triangles $ A'B'C' $ and $ A''B''C'' $ are equilateral and have the same center of gravity as the triangle $ ABC $.

A $5\times 5$ board is covered by eight hooks (a three unit square figure, shown in the picture) so that one unit square remains free. Determine all squares of the board that can remain free after such covering. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/6/8/a8c4e47ba137b904bd28c01c1d2cb765824e6a.png[/img]

A matrix $A=(a_{ij})$ is called [i]nice[/i], if it has the following properties: (i) the set of all entries of $A$ is $\{1,2,\dots,2t\}$ for some integer $t$; (ii) the entries are non-decreasing in every row and in every column: $a_{i,j} \le a_{i,j+1}$ and $a_{i,j} \le a_{i+1,j}$; (iii) equal entries can appear only in the same row or the same column: if $a_{i,j}=a_{k,\ell}$, then either $i=k$ or $j=\ell$; (iv) for each $s=1,2,\dots,2t-1$, there exist $i \ne k$ and $j \ne \ell$ such that $a_{i,j}=s$ and $a_{k,\ell}=s+1$. Prove that for any positive integers $m$ and $n$, the number of nice $m \times n$ matrixes is even. For example, the only two nice $2 \times 3$ matrices are $\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1\\2 & 2 & 2 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 & 3\\2 & 4 & 4 \end{pmatrix}$.

A school store sells 7 pencils and 8 notebooks for $ \$4.15$. It also sells 5 pencils and 3 notebooks for $ \$1.77$. How much do 16 pencils and 10 notebooks cost? $ \textbf{(A)}\ \$1.76 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \$5.84 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \$6.00 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \$6.16 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \$6.32$

Points $A_1$, $A_2$, $B_1$, $B_2$ lie on the circumcircle of a triangle $ABC$ in such a way that $A_1B_1 \parallel AB$, $A_1A_2 \parallel BC$, $B_1B_2 \parallel AC$. The line $AA_2$ and $CA_1$ meet at point $A'$, and the lines $BB_2$ and $CB_1$ meet at point $B'$. Prove that all lines $A'B'$ concur.

$\bullet$ Determine a natural $n$ such that the constant sum $S$ of a magic square of $ n \times n$ (that is, the sum of its elements in any column, or the diagonal) differs as little as possible from $1992$. $\bullet$ Construct or describe the construction of this magic square.

What is the number of degrees in the smaller angle between the hour hand and the minute hand on a clock that reads seven o'clock? $\text{(A)}\ 50^\circ \qquad \text{(B)}\ 120^\circ \qquad \text{(C)}\ 135^\circ \qquad \text{(D)}\ 150^\circ \qquad \text{(E)}\ 165^\circ$

Given an isosceles trapezoid $ABCD$. The bisector of angle $B$ intersects the base $AD$ at point $L$. Prove that the center of the circle circumscribed around triangle $BLD$ lies on the circle circumscribed around the trapezoid. (Yu. Blinkov)

In an acute-angled triangle $ABC$, $CF$ is an altitude, with $F$ on $AB$, and $BM$ is a median, with $M$ on $CA$. Given that $BM=CF$ and $\angle MBC=\angle FCA$, prove that triangle $ABC$ is equilateral.

The center $M$ of the square $ABCD$ is reflected wrt $C$. This gives point $E$. The intersection of the circumcircle of the triangle $BDE$ with the line $AM$ is denoted by $S$. Show that $S$ bisects the distance $AM$. (W. Janous, WRG Ursulinen, Innsbruck)

[b]6.1 [/b] Three people with one double seater motorbike simultaneously headed from city A to city B . How should they act so that time, for which the last of them will get to , was the smallest? Determine this time. Pedestrian speed - 5 km/h, motorcycle speed - 45 km/h, distance from A to B is equal to 60 kilometers . [b]6.2 / 7.2[/b] The numbers $A$ and $B$ are relatively prime. What common divisors can have the numbers $A+B$ and $A-B$? [b]6.3.[/b] A person's age in $1962$ was one more than the sum of digits of the year of his birth. How old is he? [b]6.4. / 7.3[/b] $15$ magazines lie on the table, completely covering it. Prove that it is possible to remove eight of them so that the remaining magz cover at least $7/15$ of the table area. [b]6.5.[/b] Prove that a $201 \times 201$ chessboard can be bypassed by moving a chess knight, visiting each square exactly once. [b]6.6.[/b] Can an integer whose last two digits are odd be the square of another integer? PS. You should use hide for answers.Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3983459_1962_leningrad_math_olympiad]here[/url].

Given $n$, let $k = k(n)$ be the minimal degree of any monic integral polynomial $$f(x)=x^k + a_{k-1}x^{k-1}+\ldots+a_0$$ such that the value of $f(x)$ is exactly divisible by $n$ for every integer $x.$ Find the relationship between $n$ and $k(n)$. In particular, find the value of $k(n)$ corresponding to $n = 10^6.$

In the adjoining figure $ABCD$ is a square and $CMN$ is an equilateral triangle. If the area of $ABCD$ is one square inch, then the area of $CMN$ in square inches is [asy] draw((0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle); draw((.82,0)--(1,1)--(0,.76)--cycle); label("A", (0,0), S); label("B", (1,0), S); label("C", (1,1), N); label("D", (0,1), N); label("M", (0,.76), W); label("N", (.82,0), S); [/asy] $ \textbf{(A)}\ 2\sqrt{3}-3 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 1-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3} \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \frac{\sqrt{2}}{3} \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 4-2\sqrt{3} $

A natural number $k$ is such that $k^2 < 2014 < (k +1)^2$. What is the largest prime factor of $k$?

The icosahedron is a convex, regular polyhedron consisting of $20$ equilateral triangle for faces. A particular icosahedron given to you has labels on each of its vertices, edges, and faces. Each minute, you uniformly at random pick one of the labels on the icosahedron. If the label is on a vertex, you remove it. If the label is on an edge, you delete the label on the edge along with any labels still on the vertices of that edge. If the label is on a face, you delete the label on the face along with any labels on the edges and vertices which make up that face. What is the expected number of minutes that pass before you have removed all labels from the icosahedron?

Three grasshoppers are on a straight line. Every second one grasshopper jumps. It jumps across one (but not across two) of the other grasshoppers . Prove that after $1985$ seconds the grasshoppers cannot be in the initial position . (Leningrad Mathematical Olympiad 1985)

Given triangle $ABC$ and point $P$ on the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$. Suppose the line $CP$ intersects line $AB$ at point $E$ and line $BP$ intersect line $AC$ at point $F$. Suppose also the perpendicular bisector of $AB$ intersects $AC$ at point $K$ and the perpendicular bisector of $AC$ intersects $AB$ at point $J$. Prove that $$\left( \frac{CE}{BF}\right)^2= \frac{AJ \cdot JE }{ AK \cdot KF}$$